谓语最小化原则
在汉译英中,动词的考察是必然的。其中动词和其他成分的转换也是重中之重。如果考生把所有的动词都翻译成动词的话,只能说明其还属于入门境界。因此在第一个例子中共出现7个动词,而在译文中只保留了4个动词。所以我们在翻译中一定要注意动词和其他词性的转换,常见减少谓语的方法有:
a) 把动词变成名词
b) 使用介词短语
c) 使用分词短语
d) 多使用to表示目的的状语
e) 把并列谓语中最后一个谓语处理成,which的非限制性定语从句
虽然以上这些方法从本质上讲都是些小打小闹的噱头,但是不重视谓语的省略一定不会取得理想的成绩。
今年的亚太经济贸易合作组织会议将主要侧重两个方面:一是加强亚太经合组织成员之间的合作,共同应对可能出现的经济衰退,重树信心;二是继续推进亚太经合组织贸易投资自由化进程,推动世界贸易组织尽早开始新一轮谈判。
The APEC meeting in this year will focus mainly on two aspects: one is on strengthening the cooperation among all APEC members to cope with the possible economic recession with rebuilt-up confidence; the other is on promoting the liberalization of trade and investment among all APEC members for the start of a new round of negotiations by WTO.
显然,许多美国的传统支持国家没有投票支持美国,以此对美国奉行单边主义表示不满。
Many traditional U.S. supporters clearly withdrew their votes to signal displeasure over U.S. unilateralism.
动宾换序原则
在英译汉中,遇上特别长的宾语,初学者总是根据语法习惯亦步亦趋地处理主、谓、宾,结果造成庞大的宾语,头轻脚重,特别不符合汉语的习惯,汉语之所以不喜欢宾语从句,在于汉语喜用主谓短句,对于较长的宾语,一般有两种处理方式:一是把谓语变成直接能够接宾语的表达形式,如react to不必翻译成对作出反应,可变成面对,这种方法在口译中常常出现,因为口译往往无暇考虑句式的大变动;二是把宾语先译出,然后再译出主谓,如第一个例子,或使用谓语的相反含义,再接上原主语,如第二个例子,sustain表示决定了,那反义短语就是取决于。
The rest of the world will have to react to this millennial economic shift to Asia, and to the rising power of China.
在新千年,经济重心将向亚洲转移,中国将迅速崛起,世界其他地区将不得不对此做出反应。
The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of the university.
研究生是否存在,大学是否存在资金偿还能力,这些都取决于项目预算。
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