二、名词:
英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类:
1.专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。
专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。
如:Beijing, Tom, the Peoples Republic of China
专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如:the Great Wall
姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人,如:the Greens。
2.普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如:pupil, family, man, foot.
普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如: box, child, orange;
不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如:water, news, oil, population, information .
英语可数名词的单复数:英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
1.名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下:
①在单数名词词尾加s。如:map maps,boy boys,horse horses, table tables.
②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如:classclasses, boxboxes, heroheroes, dishdishes, benchbenches.
:少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如:photophotos, pianopianos.
③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如:familyfamilies, citycities, partyparties.
④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如:shelfshelves, wolfwolves, lifelives, knifeknives.
2.不规则变化:manmen, womanwomen, sheepsheep,toothteeth, fishfish, childchildren, oxoxen, goosegeese
不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如:a bag of ricetwo bags of rice, a piece of paperthree pieces of paper, a bottle of milkfive bottles of milk.
名词所有格:
1.名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下:
表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加s。如:Childerns Day, my sisters book
以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加。如:Teachers Day
有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加s. 如:todays newspaper, ten minutes break,Chinas population.
无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如:a fine daughter of the Party.
2.:
① s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如:my aunts, the doctors
② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and Bs 的形式,如:Lucy and Lilys bedroom
③ of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词,称为双重所有格,如:a friend of my fathers, a friend of mine
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