2015年职称英语考试综合类语法词汇指导(五)

　　every和each用法：

　　every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是每一个,表示整体概念;

　　each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是每个或者各个,表示单个概念;each可以放在名词前,可以后跟of短语,与动词同时出现时要放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后或者行为动词之前

　　every和each都用作单数理解,但是下文中既可以用单数的代词也可以用复数的代词替代。如：Every one of the students in his class studies very hard. / They are very busy. Each of them has something to do.

　　either和neither的用法：

　　either意思是两个中间的任何一个neither是either的否定形式,意思是两个都不。

　　neither和either在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等,都用作单数。如：I dont care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do. / --Will you go there by bus or by car? Neither. I will go there by train.

　　other、the other和another的用法：

　　other意思是另一、另一些,有复数形式。在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语。another意思是另外、又一个,表示增加,在句中可作宾语和定语。如：

　　Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking. / You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one? / I want another four books.

　　another与the other 主要从数量上区分,只有两个时用the other,在原先基础上增加用another。如： This is one of your socks. Where is the other one? / I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another.

　　others与the others的主要区别：others指剩余的人/物the others指其余的人/物,。如：A few students are playing soccer while others are watching them. / Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them.

　　many和much的用法：

　　many意思是很多,与可数名词复数连用;much意思是很多,与不可数名词连用。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。如：I dont have many friends here. /Many died in the bus accident. / We can learn much with the help of him.

　　many和much一般用于否定句,肯定句中通常用a lot of 或者lots of; many / much用于肯定句时可以在前面加上so、very或too.如： There are a lot of people on the playground./ They havent got much work to do. / There are too many people in the room.

　　few、little、a few、a little的用法：

　　few、little意思是很少几个、几乎没有,有否定的意思,a few、a little意思是有几个、有些,有肯定的意思 ;few、a few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物, little、a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如：

　　He is very poor and he has little money. / Dont worry. There is still a little time left. / In that polar region there live few people. / You can get a few sweets from him.