英译汉难句分类辨析之分割结构分割结构是英语表达中经常出现的一种句法,其作用是保持句子平衡,避免头
分割结构是英语表达中经常出现的一种句法,其作用是保持句子平衡,避免头重脚轻或为了语义严密,结构紧凑,将语法关系密切的两个句子成分用其他句子成分分隔开来。英语的分隔必须遵循两点:①尾重原则,即把长而复杂的成分放在句末;②句尾信息焦点原则,即把新信息、语义重点放在句尾。
例1In the Middle Ages widespread use was made of arguments from analogy, o
n the belief that the universe formed an ordered structure that the macrocosmic pattern of the whole is reproduced in the microcosmic pattern of parts so that it ispossible to draw inferences by analogy from one to the other.
分析:虽然这个句子比较长,但我们首先要挑出此句的主、谓、宾。这句话的谓语非常短,只有两个词:was made。of arguments from analogy是use的定语。正因为谓语短,定语长,为了句子的平衡,was made便插在use和它的定语之间,形成分隔结构。on the belief:other是介词短语,作状语。belief后面有两个以that引导的同位语从句:that the universe:structure和that the microcosmic:of parts。so that引导的是一个状语从句,表结果。从结构来讲,该句可按原文顺序翻译。分隔部分可以不管,只要把use转换成动词,把被动的was made转译成主动,即译成汉语的无主语句。
译文:在中世纪,广泛采用类推法的各种论点,这些论点基于下述观念,即宇宙形成一个有次序的结构,整体的宏观格局是部分微观格局的再现,因此,有可能通过类推法作出由此及彼的推断。
例2And numerous experiments have shown once the concept of self is changed, other things consistent with the new concept of self are accomplished easily and without strain.
分析:动词shown后面是一个主从复合句。连词once引导的是宾语从句中的状语从句。宾语从句的主句是other thingsstrain。consistentof self是形容词短语作定语,修饰other things,它使宾语从句的主语和系动词分隔开。without strain是介词短语作状语,意为毫不费力地,翻译时要根据汉语习惯将隔开的部分还原出来。
译文:而且大量事实证明,自我感观一旦改变,其他一些与新的自我感观相一致的事情就可以轻而易举且毫不费力地完成。
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