47 Folk Cultures
A folk culture is a small isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly self-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals. Order is maintained through sanctions based in the religion or family and interpersonal relationships are strong. Tradition is paramount, and change comes infrequently and slowly. There is relatively little division of labor into specialized duties. Rather, each person is expected to perform a great variety of tasks, though duties may differ between the sexes. Most goods are handmade and subsistence economy prevails. Individualism is weakly developed in folk cultures as are social classes. Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada. Perhaps the nearest modern equivalent in Anglo America is the Amish, a German American farming sect that largely renounces the products and labor saving devices of the industrial age. In Amish areas, horse drawn buggies still serve as a local transportation device and the faithful are not permitted to own automobiles. The Amishs central religious concept of Demut humility , clearly reflects the weakness of individualism and social class so typical of folk cultures and there is a corresponding strength of Amish group identity. Rarely do the Amish marry outside their sect. The religion, a variety of the Mennonite faith, provides the principal mechanism for maintaining orders. By contrast a popular culture is a large heterogeneous group often highly individualistic and constantly changing. Relationships tend to be impersonal and a pronounced division of labor exists, leading to the establishment of many specialized professions. Secular institutions of control such as the police and army take the place of religion and family in maintaining order, and a money-based economy prevails. Because of these contrasts, popular may be viewed as clearly different from folk . The popular is replacing the folk in industrialized countries and in many developing nations. Folk-made objects give way to their popular equivalent, usually because the popular item is more quickly or cheaply produced, is easier or time saving to use or leads more prestige to the owner.
英语四级听力精练长对话2
英语四级听力精练短对话27
英语四级听力精练短对话10
英语四级考试听力备考笔记(6)
英语四级听力精练短对话6
英语四级听力精练第1套短文理解3
英语四级考试听力备考笔记(30)
英语四级听力精练短对话7
英语四级听力备考常考习语详解(9)
英语四级听力备考常考习语详解(7)
英语四级听力精练短对话17
英语四级听力精练短对话21
英语四级听力精练长对话7
英语四级听力精练短对话5
英语四级听力精练短对话15
英语四级听力精练短对话8
英语四级听力精练短对话13
英语四级考试听力备考笔记(20)
英语四级听力精练短对话12
英语四级听力精练短对话1
英语四级听力精练短对话18
英语四级听力精练长对话9
英语四级考试听力备考笔记(5)
英语四级听力精练第1套短文理解2
英语四级听力精练长对话5
英语四级听力精练长对话8
大学英语四级考试听力语段题10大解题原则
英语四级听力精练短对话19
英语四级考试听力备考笔记(16)
英语四级听力精练长对话6
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |