In establishing or refuting a causal relation it is usually necessary to show the process by which the alleged cause produces the effect. Such an explanation is called a causal process.
注:在证实或驳斥因果关系需要把推理过程显示出来,如灯灭了,牛奶变酸:灯灭了-停电-冰箱不工作-温度上升-牛奶变酸
1. What the author discussed in the previous section is most probably about ____.
A) relationships between causes and results
B) classification of reasoning
C) some other common types of reasoning
D) some special type of reasoning
注:文章之前的段落内容=首句+结构提示词,one-the
other/some-another
Another common type of reasoning is the search for causes and results. We want to know whether cigarettes really do cause lung cancer, what cause malnutrition(营养不良), the decay of cities, or the decay of teeth. We are equally interested in effects: what is the effect of sulphur or lead in the atmosphere, of oil spills and raw sewage from cause to effect
B) from effect to cause
C) from effect to effect and on to cause
D) from effect to cause and on to another effect
3. A necessary cause is ____.
A) one without which it is impossible for the effect to occur
B) one of the causes that can produce the effect
C) one that is enough to make the effect occur
D) none of them
注:第三段,A选项是必须在场的相同意思的改写。B选项是原因之一,sufficient cause,C选项没有 必须 含义。
Xi offers support to overseas Chinese
30,000 turn out in Beijing Marathon
Chinese arts travel the world
Human Library gets people talking
China, Russia reach big oil deal
Former mistresses are active online whistle-blowers
TEPCO suffers string of mishaps
London mayor hails free trade, subway system during visit
Premier seeks talks over dispute
Chongqing finds opportunity selling motorcycles
Xi calls for targeted policies to fight poverty
Obama informed of Merkel surveillance
Wanda prepares film, television industrial park
Tickets for 9 yuan offered on new Hebei air route
Weatherman with vision dies, age 98
17 accused of making and selling fake drugs
Europe monitors phones, Internet
Democrats win NYC and Virginia
World's first curved smartphone hits South Korean stores
Spain seeks time zone change
Ancient Chinese built Forbidden City with stones dragged on ice
Yao, NBA to open training school for teens
US trio wins Nobel chemistry prize
Gunmen kill dozens of students in Nigeria
Tragedy leads to calls for school safety
Xi calls for more APEC connectivity
Beijing-Tokyo ties 'unlikely to recover soon'
Lang Lang takes on UN Messenger of Peace role
Study finds 40 percent of parents happy with one child
Newspaper offers apology after detained journalist's confession
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |