复杂的修饰成分式
四级阅读中最常见的就是以这种增加句子修饰成分为手段而构成的长难句。其中以增加从句和非谓语动词为主。而在具体的阅读与翻译过程中,应当先将这些修饰成分取掉,来看句子的主干意思。
例如:At the early attempts,the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths,a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.
在早期的尝试中,电缆铺设失败了。当它被拿出来修理的时候,发现上面布满了生物,这样一个事实的发现挑战了当代海洋底下没有生命的科学观点.
这个句子比较典型。其一,它出现了三种主要从句:时间状语从句、定语从句和同位语从句。时间状语从句由when引导,而主句是it was found to be covered in living growths和afact。而a fact之后又由which引导了一个定语从句,用来修饰a fact。在这个定语从句中,不难发现,在scientific opinion之后又跟了一个同位语从句。在阅读的时候可以先取掉这个句子中的所有修饰成分,于是在这个从句套从句的长难句中,句子的主干实际上就是the cable failed and it was found to be covered in living growths,and a fact。其二,正确的区分和理解以that引导的定语从句和同位语从句的差别在阅读中显得尤为重要。如例子中这个句子scientific opinion之后的部分,它到底是定语从句对前面的关键词起修饰限定作用?还是同位语从句起补充说明作用呢?为了便于区分,可以通过观察that之后的句子成分进行判断,即:that之后的部分如果句子结构完整则为同位语从句,如果不完整则为定语从句。
Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies.
追踪蓝鲸只不过是冷战后那个刚刚对民间科学家开放的令人振奋的世界的一角,因为美国海军为追踪潜在敌舰而在数十年里建立的全球水下监听系统开始与人分享并做了部分解密与公开。
这个句子的重点在于对黑体字单词在句中性质及其作用的判定。这些以ing或ed结尾,时而又跟在to之后的动词叫做非谓语动词。顾名思义,他们在句子中的作用并不是做谓语而只相当于一个名词或做修饰限定的成分。就像这个句子中,真正的谓语动词只有两个,分别是is和as后原因状语从句中的starts。在取掉所有修饰成分后,不难看出句子的主干为tracking whales is one example as the navy starts to share and uncover its global network of underwater listening system.
体坛英语资讯:Dortmund down Leipzig 1-0 in German Bundesliga
体坛英语资讯:Olympic champ Kipchoge says focus is on London Marathon
国际英语资讯:Bulgarian, Indian FMs discuss strengthening bilateral ties
国际英语资讯:DPRK premier attends Lunar New Year reception at Chinese embassy in Pyongyang
体坛英语资讯:Ligue 1: Monaco out of relegation zone, Balotelli carries Marseille forward
国际英语资讯:UN chief nominates Danish environmentalist as new head of UNEP
国内英语资讯:Top legislature holds joint inquiry meeting on SME development
国内英语资讯:Pilot reform removes permit for corporate bank account
国内英语资讯:China speeds up developing risk management business in futures industry
体坛英语资讯:Djokovic wins his fourth Laureus World Sportsman of the Year, Biles crowned Sportswoman
比利时大闸蟹泛滥成灾:正在考虑卖到中国
国际英语资讯:UN Security Council visits Kuwait to discuss Kuwait-Iraq ties
体坛英语资讯:USA beat China 3-0 at womens volleyball Nations League
体坛英语资讯:Monacos Pierre-Gabriel joins Bundesliga outfit Mainz
体坛英语资讯:Chinas Ding beaten by OSullivan at Masters semifinals
英国人真的很有礼貌吗?
国内英语资讯:Commentary: Upholding multilateralism, forces of justice to prevail
体坛英语资讯:Top China LPGA player Zhang right at home in Wuhan
国内英语资讯:China to innovate methods to improve teachers treatment
不堪重负 “过度旅游”使热门城市面临危机
国内英语资讯:Chinas top legislator holds talks with Irans parliament speaker
国内英语资讯:U.S. urged to adopt correct perspective on China and bilateral trade ties
国内英语资讯:Xi calls on G20 to join hands in forging high-quality global economy
宜家惹出国际问题,卖的地图少了一个国家
体坛英语资讯:Japan claim first win in Womens World Cup
倒立洗头机风靡海外,外媒大赞中国创新精神
国内英语资讯:Chinas senior political advisor visits Germany
国内英语资讯:China, Thailand hold strategic consultations
国际英语资讯:Yemeni warring parties agree on first phase of troop withdrawal from Hodeidah
体坛英语资讯:S. Africans urged to support appeal against IAAF hyperandrogenism regulations
| 不限 |
| 英语教案 |
| 英语课件 |
| 英语试题 |
| 不限 |
| 不限 |
| 上册 |
| 下册 |
| 不限 |