2007年新东方大学英语六级的讲义翻译部分

　　手法灵活 语法正确 内容忠实

　　语法正确

　　内容忠实

　　语言闪光

　　汉译英基本程序

　　1.理解 通读并透彻理解原文含义

　　2.翻译 确定译文句子的时态、句型、结构和用词

　　3.审校 首先检查译文是否正确地转述了原文内容，是否有错译和漏译;其次，检查是否有语言上的明显错误，如时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等。发现错误，及时改正。

　　二、汉译英专项练习

　　一、倍数增减的表示法

　　1) Force N1 _______________.

　　2) This substance _______________.

　　3) The earth _______________.

　　4) The landlord _______________.

　　5) They _______________.

　　二、时态

　　1) Be quick, _______________.

　　2) When she got home, _______________.

　　3) When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _______________.

　　4) I_______________.

　　5) Do you often go on holiday? _______________.

　　6) He joined the army in October, 2001. _______________.

　　三、被动语态

　　1) The blackboard and chalk _______________.

　　2) The book _______________.

　　3) Computer models _______________.

　　4) When the bill of fare was brought, _______________.

　　5) _______________to eliminate sandy storms.

　　四、情态动词

　　1) The phone is ringing, _______________.

　　2) I cant find my sunglasses. _______________.

　　3) You screamed in your sleep last night. _______________.

　　4) Its a pity. _______________.

　　5) _______________; most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.

　　五、虚拟语气

　　1) I wish _______________.

　　2) If only _______________! Then he would not have killed himself.

　　3) Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?

　　 Id rather he _______________.

　　4) Its high time that _______________.

　　5) Hugh usually talks _______________.

　　6) We insist that _______________.

　　7) It was advised that _______________.

　　8) His proposal was that _______________.

　　9) We are going to discuss his suggestion that _______________.

　　10) It is ridiculous that _______________.

　　11) It is essential that _______________.

　　12) _______________, we would have had quite a comfortable journey.

　　13) I was to have made a speech _______________.

　　14) It didnt rain last night. _______________.

　　15) _______________, I would know the U.S. well now.

　　16) If the doctor had not come in time, _______________.

　　17) But for his help, _______________.

　　18) I used my calculator; _______________.

　　19) Were I in your place, _______________.

　　20) Had it not been for their opposition, _______________.

　　21) Should there be another world war, _______________.

　　22) He walked lightly _______________.

　　六、不定式

　　1) It was a great achievement _______________.

　　2) It is necessary _______________.

　　3) It is generous _______________.

　　4) The teacher decided _______________.

　　5) Mr. Green was wondering _______________ .

　　6) The gardener _______________.

　　7) We _______________.

　　8) He feels it challenging _______________.

　　9) We hope to have more opportunities _______________.

　　10) The bad weather _______________.

　　11) The environmentalists are against _______________.

　　12) Sally Ride was the first _______________.

　　13) They lifted a rock _______________.

　　14) He was surprised _______________.

　　15) I am sorry _______________.

　　16) I happened _______________.

　　17) She doesnt like _______________.

　　18) If you want to save money, youd better _______________.

　　19) We did nothing _______________.

　　20) We were made _______________.

　　七、分词

　　1) This is the first time that I heard _______________.

　　2) The cars _______________ will be ticketed.

　　3) The war went on for years, _______________.

　　4) The farmers used a new insecticide, thus _______________.

　　5) Einstein watched the toy in delight, _______________.

　　6) _______________, we stopped talking and began to study.

　　7) _______________, they decided to pay for his education.

　　8) _______________, Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man.

　　9) _______________, he was worried about them.

　　八、动名词

　　1) _______________ does him a lot of good.

　　2) They tried to avoid _______________.

　　3) Developing varieties is the key to _______________.

　　4) It is no use _______________.

　　5) He denied_______________.

　　6) We congratulated her on _______________.

　　九、非谓语动词用法区别

　　1) Success means _______________.

　　2) John meant _______________.

　　3) I heard him _______________.

　　4) I heard him _______________.

　　5) He jumped into the pool to save the child _______________.

　　6) He jumped from the burning house, _______________.

　　7) He was happy _______________.

　　8) _______________, he issued a sigh of relief.

　　9) _______________, the zoologists spotted the hungry panda.

　　10) The pop, _______________, came to meet his fans.

　　十、名词从句

　　1) _______________ is still a secret.

　　2) _______________ was that he spoke English so well.

　　3) _______________ became obvious.

　　4) It is not clear yet _______________.

　　5) It is none of your business _______________.

　　6) Dont put off till tomorrow _______________.

　　7) This novel is just _______________.

　　8) It is not yet known _______________.

　　9) _______________ is not clear to me.

　　10) My main problem right now is _______________.

　　11) It all depends on _______________.

　　12) You have yet to answer my question _______________.

　　13) Finally, the workers got an answer _______________.

　　14) Obviously, there was little certainty _______________.

　　十一、定语从句

　　1) Everyday many tourists come to visit _______________.

　　2) The old lady died _______________.

　　3) This is _______________.

　　4) Let ABC be _______________.

　　5) Some of the roads were flooded, _______________.

　　6) He introduced me to his students, _______________.

　　7) _______________, water is a liquid.

　　十二、状语从句

　　1) _______________, Jim brings polities into the discussion.

　　2) _______________, I shall be satisfied.

　　3) _______________, the comedian always had a quick, sharp reply.

　　4) We climbed high _______________.

　　5) The problem so very complicated _______________.

　　6) You can go out _______________.

　　7) I remember the whole thing _______________.

　　十三、比较级最高级

　　1) Does she dance _______________?

　　2) The buildings look _______________.

　　3) This is _______________.

　　4) The higher you climb, _______________.

　　十四、倒装句

　　1) Scarcely had she fallen asleep _______________.

　　2) No sooner had Anne arrived _______________.

　　3) The husband was not hospitable to the visitor. _______________.

　　4) Only then _______________.

　　5) Only when you adjust down your price _______________.

　　十五、强调句

　　1) _______________the Declaration of Independence.

　　2) _______________praises all that is progressive.

　　3) _______________we could not cross the river.

　　4) _______________ shouting at his mother in the dead of night.

　　5) _______________ Mrs. Williams knew anything about it.

　　[NextPage2007年新东方大学英语六级讲义2]

　　三、汉译英专项练习答案及解析

　　一、倍数增减的表示法

　　1) is 2.5 times greater than Force N2

　　2) reacts three times as fast as the other one

　　3) is 49 times the size of the moon

　　4) wants to raise the rent by a third

　　5) plan to double their investment

　　二、时态

　　1) or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church

　　2) the children had fallen asleep

　　3) my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside

　　4) have been revising my resume all the morning

　　5) No. It has been five years since I went on holiday

　　6) He has been in the army for 5 years

　　三、被动语态

　　1) is being replaced by the computer and the projector

　　2) will have been published by the end of this year

　　3) can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work

　　4) I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated

　　5) Effective measures must be taken immediately

　　四、情态动词

　　1) but there is no answer. She cant be at home

　　2) I may have left them in the coffee shop yesterday

　　3) You must have dreamed of something terrible

　　4) You should have invited her to your graduation ceremony

　　5) I neednt have put on my best suit to go to the party

　　五、虚拟语气

　　1) I had had your opportunities when I was young

　　2) he had known this disease is curable

　　3) painted it blue, and without any decorations

　　4) measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams

　　time 后的that从句中用过去式，表示该是的时候了)

　　5) as though he were delivering a speech at an assembly

　　6) Jack be sent to hospital right now

　　sb. do的虚拟形式)

　　7) more mobile shops be set up in the residential area

　　sb. do的虚拟形式)

　　8) they set up a special board/committee to examine this problem

　　sb. do的虚拟形式)

　　9) the mid-term exams be canceled

　　sb. do的虚拟形式)

　　[表示建议、命令、要求、想法的动词及其名词常见的有：advise , agree , decide , decree, demand, determine , grant, indicate , insist , order, prefer , propose , request, require , resolve , stipulate , suggest, urge, vote;常见的这类动词还有：allow, arrange, ask, beg, concede, demonstrate, ensure, intend, move, pledge, pray等]

　　10) we be short of water in a country where it is always raining

　　11) everyone be prepared for emergency

　　12) If he had booked tickets in the way I told him

　　13) if I had not been interrupted

　　14) If it had rained, the ground would be wet

　　15) If I had been living in New York

　　16) he would be dead now

　　17) we could not have rent a house at such a low price

　　18) otherwise, it would have taken me more time to work out this question

　　19) I would seize the opportunity without hesitation

　　20) this act would have been passed much earlier

　　21) the continued existence of the human race would be in jeopardy

　　22) lest he should awaken the baby

　　引导的从句通常用sb. should do的形式表示虚拟)

　　六、不定式

　　1) to complete a 24-story building in 10 months

　　2) for us to have a good nights sleep before the test

　　3) of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area

　　4) not to punish those students who had been late for class

　　5) whether to visit their son in France

　　6) warned me just now not to water flowers at noon

　　7) invited him to give us a lecture on modern art

　　8) to be the chairman of students union in so large a university

　　9) to apply what we have learned in class to practice

　　10) ruined our plan to show the film in the open air

　　11) the decision to build a nuclear power station in the suburbs

　　12) American woman to explore the outer space

　　13) only to drop it on their own feet

　　14) to meet a high school classmate in the mountain village

　　15) to have taken up so much of your time

　　16) to be standing in the doorway when he rushed in

　　17) to be treated as a guest

　　18) go to the campus bookstore to buy used books

　　19) but play bridge the whole day

　　20) to wipe our feet on the mat before going into the room

　　七、分词

　　1) Happy birthday to you sung in Italian

　　2) parked in the fire lane

　　3) killing thousands upon thousands of people

　　4) raising the average yield by 15 percent

　　5) trying to deduce its operating principle

　　6) Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book

　　7) Deeply moved by the boys deeds

　　8) Seen from the eyes of a young friend

　　9) Not having heard from his parents for a long time

　　八、动名词

　　1) Taking a cold bath every day

　　2) making their daughter do what she didnt like to do

　　3) getting our goods into the international market

　　4) crying over spilled milk

　　, it be no good/use/worthwhile, there be no need/no point in, how/what about, whats the point of, whats the use of)

　　5) having peeked at his neighbors test paper

　　6) being promoted to manager

　　九、非谓语动词用法区别

　　1) working very hard.

　　2) to drive there, but his car broke down

　　3) talking to his mother

　　4) talk to his mother for an hour

　　5) only to break his own leg

　　6) breaking his legs

　　7) to see his parents in good health

　　8) Seeing his parents safe and sound

　　9) Following its footprints

　　10) followed by two body guards

　　十、名词从句

　　1) Why they left their hometown for Yunnan

　　2) What confused me most

　　3) That this was done on purpose

　　4) who should be responsible for this matter

　　5) whom Mary is engaged to

　　6) what can be done today

　　7) what I have been looking for

　　8) whether/if robots will one day have vision as good as human vision

　　9) Whether she likes the present

　　10) whether I should ask for another loan

　　11) whether they will support us

　　12) whether I can count on your vote

　　13) that the Government could do nothing to raise their wages

　　14) that the chairman would agree to this proposal

　　十一、定语从句

　　1) the house where Lu Xun was born

　　2) on the day when his son arrived

　　3) the reason why I am in favor of this reform

　　4) a triangle whose three sides are of unequal length

　　5) which made our journey more difficult

　　6) most of whom were English majors

　　7) As is known to all

　　十二、状语从句

　　1) Whatever we talk about

　　2) Whichever side wins

　　3) However hard some people in the audience tried to upset him

　　4) so that we might get a better view

　　5) that it took us nearly two weeks to solve it

　　6) as long as you promise to be back before 11 at night

　　7) as if it happened yesterday

　　十三、比较级最高级

　　1) as gracefully as her sister

　　2) far uglier in London than here

　　3) one of the best pictures that he has ever painted

　　4) the thinner the air becomes

　　十四、倒装句

　　1) when a knock at the door awakened her

　　2) than she fell ill

　　3) Nor did the wife say a word of welcome.

　　4) did the doctor realize that his patient needed surgery

　　5) can we conclude the business

　　十五、强调句

　　1) It was Jefferson who wrote

　　2) It is with genuine feeling that the author

　　3) It was because the water had risen that

　　4) It was Jim, the heartless fellow, who was heard

　　5) It was not until I told her that

　　一、总 则

　　随着我国改革开放的深入和综合国力的增强，我部对外交流和合作日益频繁，对我部干部涉外工作能力提出了越来越高的要求。因此，我部在每年录用公务员时均增加了英语笔试环节。

　　考虑到我国现行本科、研究生英语教育体系的实际情况，本考试在一定程度上借鉴大学英语四级、六级的考试要求和命题方法，在四、六级的基础上，更加注重对英语笔语综合能力的考察。

　　英语笔试成绩占综合成绩的15%。

　　本考试在公务员录用面试之前由财政部人事教育司组织实施。

　　本考试为闭卷考试，考生在考试过程中不得查阅任何参考资料。

　　二、考试总框架与时间

　　本考试包括六个部分：

　　结构、综合改错、综合填空、阅读理解、英汉互译、命题作文。

　　本考试命题遵循主观题与客观题相结合的原则，主观题大约占40%，客观题大约占60%。两种题型结合，目的是全面考察考生的综合笔语能力。

　　考卷满分为120分。

　　考试时间180分钟，由考生自行掌握各部分的时间。

　　三、各部分内容介绍与计分办法

　　第一部分：词语用法和语法结构

　　共20题，每题1分，计20分。

　　本部分给出20个句子，每个句子中有一空白。要求考生从每题四个选择项中选出一个最合适的答案填入空白处，使句子完整，意义明确，合乎逻辑。20题中，涉及词和短语用法的约占60%，涉及语法结构的约占40%。

　　词语用法和语法结构部分的目的是测试考生运用词汇、短语及语法结构的能力。考试范围以大学英语一级至六级内容为主。

　　第二部分：综合改错

　　共10题，每题1分，计10分。

　　本部分给出10个英语句子，每个句子中含有一个错误，每个错误涉及1个单词，可能需要改正、 增添或删去该词。错误类型有语法、搭配、用词、拼写等。要求考生找出错误并改正，使句子的意思完整、明确。

　　综合改错部分的目的是测试考生综合运用语言的能力。考试范围以大学英语一级至六级内容为主。

　　第三部分：综合填空

　　共10题，每题1分，计10分。

　　本部分给出一篇150 200单词的短文，其中有10个空白，每个空白提供四个选项，要求考生从四个选项中选择最合适的一个填入空白处，使短文完整顺畅。

　　综合填空部分的目的是测试考生根据上下文猜测、推测、判断意义的能力。考试范围以大学英语一级至六级内容为主。

　　第四部分：阅读理解

　　共15题，每题2分，计30分。

　　本部分给出三篇300单词左右的短文，合计阅读量共约1000单词。每篇短文后给出五个题目，要求考生在认真阅读相关短文后，根据短文内容从每个项中选出最合适的一项。

　　选材原则：

　　1、题材多样，可以涉及人物、社会、文化、经济等方面，略侧重经济、财经内容，但是所涉及的背景知识应能为学生所理解;

　　2、体裁多样，可以包括叙述文、说明文、议论文等;

　　3、文章的语言难度基本不超出大学英语六级的水平，如某些关键的词汇超出六级范围，用汉语注明词义。

　　阅读理解部分主要测试下述能力：

　　1.既能理解个别句子的意义，也能理解上下文的逻辑关系;

　　2.既理解字面的意思;也能理解隐含的意思;

　　3.既理解事实和细节，也能理解所读材料的主旨和大意;

　　4.能就文章的内容进行判断、推理和信息转换。

　　阅读理解部分的目的是测试学生通过阅读获取信息的能力，既要求准确，也要求有一定速度。

　　第五部分：翻译

　　共2题，每题15分，计30分。

　　本部分第一题为英译汉，要求将大约150个英语单词的短文翻译成汉语。第二题为汉译英，要求将150 200个汉字的短文翻译成英语。

　　选材原则：

　　基本上从近期报纸、杂志、网络上选取与中外经济、财经问题有关的文章，文章内容力求清楚，文字难度一般，不涉及高深的专业知识和专业词汇。

　　翻译部分主要测试考生的综合翻译能力，考察考生能否用流畅、易懂的汉语或英语准确地传达英语、汉语原文的意思。

　　第六部分：写作

　　共1题，计20分。

　　本部分以背景引导加题目的方式，要求考生根据题目所提供的背景和题目，写出不超过200单词的英语作文。

　　题目所提供的背景和题目本身与近期中外经济、财经问题有关，要求考生撰写议论文。文章应该论点明确，支持有力，结论清晰。

　　写作部分主要测试考生用英语分析问题和解决问题的能力，检验考生是否了解英语在说理、论述过程中有别于汉语的特点。

　　四、答题要求

　　考试时将同时下发答题纸，所有答案均应书写在答题纸上，写在试题本上的答案无效。

　　五、其他

　　大纲中的未竟事宜由财政部人事教育司负责解释。