英语学习过程中会遇见很多词义相近的单词,如果不能深刻的理解他们的含义,在考试中就会出错。高考英语中也是如此,很多单词看似简单却很容易迷惑人。下面就是一个典型的例子。
cost, spend, take的用法区别
一、根据主语辨析
虽然三者均可表示花费,但所用主语不同:cost 的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语 it),不能是人;spend 的主语只能是人,不能是事或物;take 的主语可以是事或物(包括形式主语 it),也可以是人。如:
The computer cost (me) $2000. 这台电脑花了(我) 2000 美元。
It costs $1000 a year to run a car. 使用一辆车每年要花1000美元。
I have spent all day looking for you. 我花了一整天找你。
It took me an hour to write the letter. 我写这封信花了一个小时。
The letter took me an hour (to write)。 (译文同上)
I took an hour to write the letter. (译文同上)
注:若 cost 不是表示花费,而是表示客观上地或被动地耗费,则也可用人作主语。如:
Smokers cost the government a lot of money every year. 抽烟的人每年要耗费政府不少钱。
二、根据宾语辨析
cost 的宾语通常是钱,take 的宾语通常是时间,而 spend 的宾语则可以是时间或钱。如:
How much did it cost to build the bridge? 建这座桥花了多少钱?
It took her two hours to walk to the station. 走路去车站花了她两小时。
He spends much time (money) on books. 他花了很多时间读(钱买)书。
注:cost 有时也用于时间,但通常只用于笼统时间(一般不用于具体明确的时间)。如:
Making experiments like this costs much time and labour. 做这样的实验要花很多时间和劳力。
按传统语法,take 的宾语通常是时间,但在现代英语中,用钱作其宾语的现象已很普遍。如:
It takes a lot of money to buy a house. 买一座房子要花一大笔钱。
三、根据句型辨析
从句型结构来看。三者的通常句型为:
sth costs (sb) money 某物花某人多少钱
it costs (sb) money to do sth 做某事花某人多少钱
sb spends time (money) on sth 某人在某一方面花多少钱
sb spends time (money) in [on] doing sth 某人在做某事方面花多少钱
it takes sb time (money) to do sth = it takes time (money) for sb to do sth 做某事花某人多少时间或钱
sth takes sb time (money) to do 某事花某人多少时间或钱去做
sb takes time (money) to do 某人花多少时间或钱去做某事
四、根据语态辨析
三者在表示花费时,cost 不能用于被动语态,take 通常不用于被动语态,而 spend 则可以用于被动语态。如:
误:Thirty dollars was cost by the coat.
误:Two hours was taken to do the work.
正:Two hours was spent on the work. 做这工作花了两个小时。
五、根据引申义辨析
三者均可用于比喻用法中,但含义不同:
1. cost 指付出代价(劳力、麻烦、精力、生命等)。如:
Careless driving will cost you your life. 粗心开车会要你的命。
Just ring him up. Itll cost you nothing. 给他打个电话,这不费什么事。
2. spend 表示消耗用完。如:
Ill spend no more breath on him. 我不会再和他费唇舌。
He spent great efforts to help me. 他费了很大的劲儿来帮我。
3. take 表示需要人力(精力、劳力等)。如:
It takes patience. 做这工作需要耐心。
It takes two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。
It took three men to lift the box. 抬这个箱子要 3 个人。
体坛英语资讯:Former World No. 1 Ding leads record number of Chinese players to compete at snooker worlds
体坛英语资讯:Chinese table tennis chief sees World Championships as great test for Olympics
国际英语资讯:Indian defense ministry signs contract for building 8 anti-submarine warfare shallow water c
国际英语资讯:Trump, Erdogan discuss Turkeys purchase of S-400 missile defense system
饮酒作乐已成过去 如今年轻人休假爱晒照
体坛英语资讯:Nadal continues quest for 12th title, Djokovic stunned at ATP Monte-Carlo Masters
国际英语资讯:More than 300,000 Venezuelan children in Colombia need humanitarian aid: UNICEF
国际英语资讯:News Analysis: New Israeli elections will put Israeli-Palestinian relations at stake again
The Key to Be Successful 成功的关键
体坛英语资讯:China, Japan ready for face-to-face in ITTF World Championships womens singles quarterfina
国内英语资讯:China to hold gathering to mark centenary of May Fourth Movement
睡前看手机对身体不好吗?最新研究:影响不大
国内英语资讯:Xi Focus: Xi leads green development as worlds largest horticultural expo opens
体坛英语资讯:Shoulder injury ends the season for Real Madrids Odriozola
国际英语资讯:Greek PM welcomes outcome of Spanish elections as message of hope against far-Right
国际英语资讯:Libyan govt forces progress against east-based army in southern Tripoli
国际英语资讯:UN chief appeals for more resources to those hit by Cyclone Kenneth
体坛英语资讯:Irans Mehrdad Mohammadi joins Portuguese Aves
国际英语资讯:Families of Boeing 737 MAX crash victims file suit against Boeing in Chicago
什么颜色最让人放松?
国内英语资讯:Xi meets Italian prime minister
国内英语资讯:National rejuvenation is the common aspiration across Strait: James Soong Chu-yu
体坛英语资讯:Slovakia beat Austria 5-1 in ice hockey friendly
国际英语资讯:South Korea, Japan, EU upbeat about Korean Peninsula denuclearization
国内英语资讯:China outlines factors for consideration in listing unreliable foreign entities
国际英语资讯:U.S., Turkey conduct joint naval exercise in Black Sea
体坛英语资讯:Beitar Jerusalem defeat Atletico Madrid 2-1 in Israel friendly
国内英语资讯:China to hold gathering to mark centenary of May Fourth Movement
国内英语资讯:Xi holds talks with Nepalese president
眼角膜捐赠大国斯里兰卡:它伤痕累累,却给世界带去光明
| 不限 |
| 英语教案 |
| 英语课件 |
| 英语试题 |
| 不限 |
| 不限 |
| 上册 |
| 下册 |
| 不限 |