The following appeared as part of an article in a magazine on lifestyles. Two years ago, City L was listed 14th in an annual survey that ranks cities according to the quality of life that can be enjoyed by those living in them. This information will enable people who are moving to the state in which City L is located to confidently identify one place, at least, where schools are good, housing is affordable, people are friendly, the environment is safe, and the arts flourish. Discuss how well reasoned... etc.
The author concludes that City L has good schools, affordable housing, friendly people, flourishing arts and a safe environment. To support this claim the author cites an annual survey that ranks cities according to quality of life. Two years ago City L was listed 14th in this survey. As it stands this argument is unconvincing.
First, the author fails to indicate what individual characteristics of cities were used as criteria for the ranking. To the extent that the criteria used in the survey were the same as the features listed by the author in the conclusion, the conclusion would be warranted. On the other hand, if the survey employed entirely different criteria―for example, outdoor recreational opportunities or educational achievement levels of adult residents―then the authors conclusion would be wholly unwarranted.
Secondly, the author provides no indication of how each characteristic was weighted in the ranking. For example, City L may have far and away the most flourishing arts scene among the cities surveyed, but it may have poor schools, unfriendly people, and an unsafe environment. The extent to which the survey accurately reflects City Ls overall quality of life in this case would depend largely on the relative weight placed on the arts as a factor affecting quality of life.
Thirdly, the author fails to indicate how many cities were included in the survey. Th more cities included in the survey, the stronger the argument―and vice versa. For example, if 2,000 cities were surveyed, then City L would rank in the top one percent in terms of quality of life. On the other hand, if only 14 cities were surveyed then City L would rank last.
Finally, the authors conclusion depends on the questionable assumption that the conditions listed by the author have remained unchanged in City L since the survey was conducted two years ago. Admittedly, had ten years elapsed the argument would be even weaker. Yet two years is sufficient time for a significant change in the overall economy, the citys fiscal policies, its financial condition, or its political climate. Any of these factors can affect the quality of schools, the extent to which art is flourishing, or the cost of housing.
In conclusion, the author does not adequately support the conclusion. To strengthen the argument, the author must show that the criteria used in the survey were the same as the features listed in the conclusion and were weighted in a way that does not distort the picture in City L. To better assess the argument, we would also need more information about the cities included in the survey, as well as what changes in City L have occurred during the past two years.
牛津实用英语语法:316 say,tell及其他可替代使用的引导动词
牛津实用英语语法:295 care,like,love,hate,prefer
牛津实用英语语法:296 would like和 want
牛津实用英语语法:258 用做主语
牛津实用英语语法:252 too,enough以及so…as 之后的不定式
牛津实用英语语法:288 may/might as well+动词原形表示劝告
牛津实用英语语法:223 条件句类型3
牛津实用英语语法:270 go on,stop,try,used(to)
牛津实用英语语法:272 现在(或称主动)分词
牛津实用英语语法:287 劝告的形式
牛津实用英语语法:281 祈使句表示命令
牛津实用英语语法:256 不定式的完成进行式
牛津实用英语语法:242 动词+ how/what/when/
牛津实用英语语法:326 并列连词
牛津实用英语语法:284 could/will/would you?等表示请求
牛津实用英语语法:290虚拟语气形式
牛津实用英语语法:298 表示偏爱的另一些例句
牛津实用英语语法:282 其他表示命令的方式
牛津实用英语语法:285 might表示请求
牛津实用英语语法:300 wish+ 主语+ 虚拟过去时
牛津实用英语语法:251 某些特定的名词之后的不定式
牛津实用英语语法:325 must和needn’t
牛津实用英语语法:276 代替主句的现在分词短语
牛津实用英语语法:280 误连分词
牛津实用英语语法:292 as if/as though+ 虚拟过去时
牛津实用英语语法:297 would rather/sooner和prefer/would prefe
牛津实用英语语法:243 动词或动词+宾语之后的不定式
牛津实用英语语法:277 代替从句的现在分词短语
牛津实用英语语法:293 it is time+ 虚拟过去时
牛津实用英语语法:278 分词的完成式(主动语态)
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |