2014年职称英语教材完型填空新增部分(卫生类)

　　Exercise Cuts Cancer Deaths in Men

　　Men who exercise often are less likely to die from cancer than those who 1 , new research published in the British Journal of Cancer revealed yesterday.

　　A team of scientists from the Karolinska Institute in Sweden looked 2 the effect of physical activity and cancer risk in 40,708 men __ 3 _ between 45 and 79.

　　The seven-year study found that men 4 walked or cycled for at least 30 minutes a day had a 34 per cent lower risk of 5 from cancer than the men who did less exercise or nothing at all. 6 the period studied~, 3,714 men developed cancer and 1,153 died from the disease. The researchers suggest that half an hours walking__7__cycling a day increased survival among these men by 33 per cent.

　　The researchers surveyed men from two counties in central Sweden about their lifestyle and the amount of 8 activity they were usually doing. They then scored these responses and compared the results__9 _data on cancer diagnosis and death officially recorded in a central cancer registry2over a seven-year period.

　　Lead author, Professor Alicja Wolk, said: These results clearly show for the first time the effect that very simple and basic daily 10 such as walking or cycling has in reducing cancer death risk in middle-aged and elderly 11

　　Dr Lesley Walker, director of cancer information at Cancer Research UK, said: This study gives us a clear indication that men who exercise are less 12 to die from cancer, and that they are more likely to 13__the disease if they get it. Its not entirely clear from this study

　　what role exercise plays in preventing 14 in men, but we do know that a healthy lifestyle can prevent up to half of all cancers3-and 15 exercise forms a key part of this.

　　词汇：

　　Registry n.登记簿 lead 口巧.带头的

　　注释：

　　1.the period studied：所研究的时间段内

　　2.data on cancer diagnosis and death officially recorded in a central cancer registry：官方纪录在癌症中心登记簿上的癌症诊断与死亡数据

　　3.prevent up to half of all cancers：避免各类癌症不低于一半的数量

　　练习：

　　1.A dont B didnt C wont D cant

　　2.A on 　 B for C at D by

　　3.A ranged B aged C ranked D listed

　　4.A which B who C whom D what

　　5.A recovering B turning C dying D surviving

　　6.A Dunng B Since C Despite D Between

　　7.A and B but C or D with

　　8.A mental B physical C psychological D artistic

　　9.A upon B towards C into D with

　　10.A exercise B life C work D style

　　11.A people B men C adults D couples

　　12.A possible B able C likely D apparent

　　13.A lose B miss C treat D survive

　　14.A disaster B cancer C mistakes D accidents

　　15.A random B rare C regular D rough

　　答案与题解：

　　1.A本句前面提到men who exercise omen，与他们相比较的显然应当是不经常锻炼的男人们，即men who dont。

　　2.C look at表示观察、研究。

　　3.B between 45 and 79显然指的是这些男人的年龄，因此应选aged。

　　4.B修饰前面的men一词，因此应选限制性关系代词who。

　　5.C根据上下文可以得知，经常锻炼的男人死于癌症的危险要小。

　　6.A此处显然应选表示在期问之意的during一词。

　　7.C本段的第一句出现了walked or cycled，因此此处应选or一词。

　　8.B短文的第二段曾出现过physical activity，因此此处应选physical一词。

　　9.D将一件事与另一件事进行比较，应是comparewith。

　　10.A根据上下文意即本句接下来给出的such as walking or cycling，不难推断此处应选

　　exercise一词。

　　11.B短文的题目以及之前一直都在谈论男人运动与否与癌症的关系，此处显然应选men。

　　12.C前面多次提到，坚持经常性运动的男人死于癌症的可能性要小，possible和likely在汉语里都可译作可能的，但在英语中意思区别很大，前者侧重于存在的客观趋势，后者侧

　　重于对存在的预期，因而可以说It is possible for them to do，而不说they are possible to do，所以应选likely。

　　13.D既然坚持经常性运动的男人死于癌症的可能性要小，那么不难推断这种男人即使得了

　　癌症，存活下来的可能性也应更大些。

　　14.B短文全篇都在谈论男人运动与患癌症的关系，此外，接下来又出现了prevent up to half

　　of all cancers，因此此处应选cancer。

　　15.C前面提到每天运动带给男人的好处，因此此处应选regular，表示经常性的

　　Men Too May Suffer from Domestic Violence

　　Nearly three in 10 men have experienced violence at the hands of1 an intimate partner their lifetimes, according to one of the few studies to look 1 domestic violence and health among men.

　　Many men actually do experience domestic violence, although we dont hear about it 2 , Dr. Robert J. Reid of the University of Washington in Seattle, one of the authors, told Reuters Health. They often dont tell 3 we dont ask. We want to message out2 to men who 4 experience domestic violence that they are not alone and there are resources available to 5

　　The researchers asked study participants about physical abuse and non-physical 6 such as threats that made them 7 for3 their safety, controlling behavior , and constant name-calling.

　　Among men 18 to 54 years old, 14.2 percent said they had experienced intimate partner 8 in the past five years, while 6. 1 percent reported domestic violence in the previous year.

　　Rates were lower for men 55 and 9 ,with 5.3 percent reporting violence in the past five years and 2.4 percent having experienced it in the past 12 months.

　　Overall, 30.5 percent of men younger than 55 and 26.5 percent of older men said they had been victims of 10 violence at some point in their lives. About half of the violet men 11 was physical.

　　However, the physical violence men reported wasnt as harsh as 12 stuff, women in a previous study; 20 percent to 40 percent of the men rated it as severe, compare to 61 percent of__13__

　　Men who reported experiencing domestic violence had more emotional and mental problems 14 those who had not, especially older men, the 15 found.

　　词汇：

　　Intimate 口巧.亲密的 name-calling n.辱骂

　　Abuse 凡.伤害

　　注释：

　　1.at the hands of：出自某人之手，从某人那里

　　2.get the message out：传达这样一个信息

　　3.fear for：为担忧

　　练习：

　　1. A by　　 B at C on D for

　　2. A never B often　　 C ever D now

　　3. A and B but　　　C yet D unless

　　4. A to B no C do D go

　　5. A us B him C you D them

　　6. A strength B labor C abuse D exercise

　　7. A hope B fear C wait D look

　　8. A violence B attitude C friendship D stress

　　9. A younger B junior C senior D older

　　10. A normal B necessary C domestic D foreign

　　11. A enjoyed B experienced C performed D committed

　　12. A this B those C that D one

　　13. A women B people C adults D children

　　14. A from B than C except D despite

　　15. A victims B participants C researchers D partners

　　答案与题解：

　　1.B look at表示观察、研究。

　　2.B根据上下文可以推断，此处应选表示经常意思的often一词。

　　3.A这句话的意思是：他们经常不说而我们也不问。所以应用and一词连接两个并列成分。

　　4.C本段中的第一句已经出现过do experience的用法，表示的确经历过。

　　5.D前面出现的是men一词，与其对应的应是them.

　　6.C前面出现了physical abuse，与其并列自然应是non.physical abuse。

　　7.B既然是威胁，肯定会令他们为自身安全担忧，而fear for their safety正表示这样的意思。

　　8.A从第一句中的violence at the hands of an intimate partner就可以推断，此处应选violence一词。

　　9.D因为前面提到了l8至54岁的男人，因此此处应是55岁及55岁以上的男人。

　　10.C前面已经多次出现过domestic violence的搭配。

　　11.B 前面已经多次出现过experience violence这一搭配，而上下文也表明此处表示的意思是男人遭受的家庭暴力。

　　12.C用that指代妇女遭受的physical violence。

　　13.A因为是在与男人做比较，所以应选women。

　　14.B本句中前面出现了表示比较的more一词，此处自然应选than一词。

　　15.C结果只能是研究者发现的。

　　Happy Marriage, Happy Heart

　　Happily married people have lower blood pressure 1 unhappily married people or singles, a Brigham Young University study says.

　　On the other hand, even having a supportive social network did not translate into a blood pressure benefit for singles or unhappily 2 people1 , according to the study.

　　There seem to be some unique health benefits from marriage. Its not just being married 3 benefits health - whats really the most protective of health is having a happy 4 study author Julianne Holt-Lunstad, a psychologist who specializes in relationships and health, said in a prepared statement.

　　The study included 204 married and 99 5 adults who wore portable blood-pressure monitors for 24 hours. The 6 recorded blood pressure at random intervals2 and provided a total of about 72 readings.

　　We wanted to capture participants blood pressure doing whatever they normally 7 in everyday life3. Getting one or two readings in a clinic is not really 8 of the fluctuations that occur throughout the day,4 Holt-Lunstad said.

　　Overall, happily married people scored four points 9 on the blood pressure readings than single adults. The study also found that blood __ 10__ among married people especially those in happy marriages -__11 __more during sleep than in single people.

　　Research has shown that people whose blood pressure remains high throughout the night are at__12__greater risk of heart disease than people whose blood pressure drops, Holt-Lunstad said.

　　The study was published in the March 20__13__of the journal Annals of Behavioral Medicine.

　　The study also found that unhappily married adults have higher blood pressure than__14__happily married and single adults.

　　Holt-Lunstad noted that married couples can encourage healthy habits in one __15 such as eating a healthy diet and having regular doctor visits. People in happy marriages also have a source of emotional support, she said.

　　词汇：

　　Singles n.未婚成人 annals n.年刊

　　Fluctuation n.波动

　　注释：

　　1.On the other hand，even having a supportive social network did not translate into a blood pressure benefit for singles 0;unhappily married people：另一方面，对单身成人或者是婚姻不幸福的人来说，即使有着良好的社交圈也不会转化为有助于血压的益处。

　　2.at random intervals：间隔时间不固定

　　3.We wanted to capture participants blood pressure doing whatever they normally do in everyday life：我们希望捕捉实验对象在从事其日常生活中通常所做任何事情时的血压。

　　4.Getting one or two readings in a clinic is not really representative of the fluctuations that occur throughout the day：在诊室里获取一两个读数并不能真正代表一天之内发生的波动。

　　练习：

　　1. A from B to C than D by

　　2. A married 　B engaged C linked D loved

　　3. A which 　 B that C this D what

　　4. A life B marriage C partner D spouse

　　5. A young B old C single D experienced

　　6. A monitors B doctors C nurses D researchers

　　7. A take B do C make D want

　　8. A supportive B active C representative D protective

　　9. A most B lower C higher D least

　　10. A pressure B speed C level D flow

　　11. A stopped B dropped C rose D ran

　　12. A more B some C much D any

　　13. A page B number C copy D issue

　　14. A nor B both C neither D either

　　15. A another B each C other D every

　　答案与题解：

　　1.C 本句用了表示比较的lower一词，因此空格处只能选than一词。

　　2.A上一句中已经出现了unhappily married people，所以在unhappily和people之间显然应选married一词。

　　3.B本句是一个强调句型结构。

　　4.B从前面出现过的happily married people可以得知，对健康最具保护作用的是拥有一个happy marriage。

　　5.C从上下文可以得知，研究对象包括已婚和未婚的成年人。

　　6.A前一句中出现了monitors一词，此处仍指monitors。.

　　7.B空格处应填与前面出现的doing一词相一致的动词d0，以表示日常生活中通常所做的事情。

　　8.c本句的意思是：在诊室里获取一两个读数并不能真正代表一天之内发生的波动。

　　9.B从上下文可以得知，总体来说，婚姻幸福的人血压读数应相对低些。

　　10.A该段的主要内容是婚姻与血压的关系，显然此处应填pressure。

　　11.B从上下文可以得知，与单身的成年人相比，已婚者，尤其是婚姻幸福者的血压夜里睡眠时应该是下降得更多。

　　12.C修饰比较级，表示得多，应该用much。

　　13.D表示定期出版的杂志的第几期，应用issue一词。

　　14.B此句将婚姻不幸福者与婚姻幸福者和单身成年人做比较。

　　15.A one another表示相互的意思。

　　Many Women Who Beat Cancer Dont Change Habits

　　Many women who battle breast cancer will tell you its a life-changing experience. However, a new study shows that for many 1 , the changes arent always positive or permanent1.

　　Beth Snoke has watched her mother and both grandmothers battle and survive breast__2 .So when she was diagnosed, there was no doubt in her mind __3 she had to do.

　　I do exactly what the doctors say as far as the medicine that Im on, as 4 as the vitamins, the diet, and the fitness. And I cant stress enough__5__important that is, says Beth Snoke. But a surprising new study shows that 6 every woman who beats breast cancer is getting that message. In fact, nearly 40% of them say even 7 surviving breast cancer, they havent made significant changes in the 8 they eat or how much they exercise.

　　Not all survivors are taking advantage of this teachable moment and making positive health changes in 9 life, says Electra Paskett, PhD, at Ohio State Universitys Comprehensive Cancer Center. Paskett says diet and exercise have been proven to not only help women feel better during and after treatment, they may__10__play a role in preventing some cancers from coming back.__11__growing evidence, some women just arent listening.

　　Colon cancer survivors__12 exercise have actually been shown to have improved survival rates. So, yes, it is true that perhaps by making some of these healthy choices we can actually increase their health, says Paskett.

　　As a breast cancer survivor 13 , Paskett knows first hand how much difference diet and exercise can__14__ The challenge, she says, is to get more survivors to be more like Beth, during and after treatment.

　　Experts say exercising more and eating a healthier diet can also cut __15__ on2 stress and help women overcome depression. There are more than 2 million breast cancer survivors living in the U.S. Of those, nearly a million have yet to change their diet or exercise routines.

　　词汇：

　　Colon n.结肠

　　注释：

　　1.the changes arent always positive or permanent：这些变化并非总是正面的或者是持久的。

　　2.cut down on：减少

　　练习：

　　1. A women B people C persons D men

　　2. A death B ache C cancer D feeding

　　3. A which B that C what D those

　　4. A far B soon C fast D early

　　5. A what B so C very D how

　　6. A not B no C neither D nor

　　7. A before B after C without D since

　　8. A place B kind C way D much

　　9. A their B his C her D our

　　10. A too B do C further D also

　　11. A Despite B Although C Accepting D Regardless

　　12. A who B whose C which D what

　　13. A myself B itself C herself D yourself

　　14. A take B make C offer D decide

　　15. A up B off C in D down

　　答案与题解：

　　1.A根据短文的题目和第一段的头一句话可以得知，全篇谈的主要是患癌妇女的生活、运动等习惯是否改变问题。

　　2.C之前已经两次出现breast cancer。

　　3.C此处应选关系代词what作后面do的宾语。

　　4.A as far as表示程度、范围，前面刚刚出现过。

　　5.D表示多么重要应说how important。

　　6.A从上下文可以得知，本句话的意思是：然而，一项令人吃惊的新研究显示，并非每一位战胜乳腺癌的妇女都知晓这一点。

　　7.B从上下文可以判断，空格处应选after，表示即使在得了乳腺癌而幸存下来之后。

　　8.C表示她们的饮食方式应用the way they eat。

　　9.A对应前面的survivors，应用人称代词的第三人称复数形式。

　　10.D前面出现了not only，因此这里应用also。

　　11.A根据上下文可以得知，本句话的意思是：尽管有越来越多的证据，但有些妇女就是听不进去。在意思上，despite和regardless均可，但despite是介词，符合;regardless是形容词，后无of，不符合。

　　12.A用表示人的关系代词who指代前面的survivors。

　　13.C表示Paskett她本人，应用herself。

　　14.B make difference是固定搭配，表示起作甩;有影响。

　　15.D cut down on是固定搭配，表示减少。

　　Middle Age: A Low Point for Most

　　People around the globe hit the height of their misery and depression in 1 age1, a new international study suggests.

　　The finding by British and American researchers was based on an analysis of well-being among approximately 2 million people in 80 nations. With few exceptions, the observation appears to apply across the board2, regardless 2 gender, culture, geography, wealth, job history, education, and marriage or parental status.

　　The scientific fact seems to be that happiness and positive mental health follow a giant 3 through life, said study author Andrew J. Oswald, a professor of economics at Warwick University in Warwickshire, England. For the average person, its high when youre 20, and then it slowly falls and bottoms out3 4 your 40s. But the good news is that your

　　__5__ health picks up4 again, and eventually gets back to the high levels of our youth.

　　The finding was 6 on the pooling of several different sources of happiness data ,including: two multi-decade happiness/satisfaction surveys , involving about 500,000 American and Western European men and women; four rounds of the 80-nation World Values Survey __7 between 1981 and 2004 in North America, Eastern and Western Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and Central and South America; and a 2004-2007 survey 8 nearly 1 million Britons.

　　The bottom-line: For most people throughout the world, the highest probability for depression striking is around 44 years of 9

　　In the United States, however, some as-yet unexplained__10 differences were observed, with happiness among men dipping the most in their early 50s, whereas women hit their Nadir around the age of 40.

　　The researchers cautioned that cheerful people tend to live longer than unhappy__11__--a fact that might have skewed the overall finding. But they also suggested that evidence of a happiness 12_ might simply reflect a midlife choice to give up long-held but no longer tenable aspirations, followed by a seniors sense of gratitude for having successfully endured 13 others did not6.

　　That sai5, some might find it helpful simply to understand the general__14__of mental health as they go through their own life, said Oswald. It might be useful for people to realize that if they are__15 __in their 40s, this is normal. It is not exceptional. And just knowing this might help.

　　词汇：

　　Gender n.性别 tenable adj.守得住的

　　Nadir n.最低点 aspiration n.志向

　　Skew v. 使偏斜

　　注释：

　　1.People around the globe hit the height of their misery and depression in middle age：世界各地的人们在其中年时达到痛苦与沮丧的高峰。

　　2.apply across the board：全面适用。

　　3.bottoms out：稳定在某一低水平。

　　4.pick up：振作精神，鼓起勇气。

　　5.That said：这是一种非常口语化的表达法，意思是尽管如此，相当于in spite of what has been said;nevertheless。

　　6.But they also suggested that evidence of a happiness curve might simply reflect a middle choice to give up longheld but no longer tenable aspirations，followed by a seniors sense of gratitude for having successfully endured while others did not：但是他们也提示说，幸福曲线的军能反映了人到中年时做出的选择，即放弃久存的但却再也守不住的志向，但是他们也幸福曲线可能只是反映了人到中年时的一种选择，即放弃那些虽然坚持已久，却再也站不住脚的雄心壮心，随之而来的是一位年长者因为自己成功地忍耐了下来但其他人未能做到此点而产生的沾沾自喜。tenable是合理性，暗示年长者的自欺欺人扭曲了幸福指数。

　　练习：

　　l. A old B middle C right D young

　　2. A of B for C to D by

　　3. A color B size C shape D letter

　　4. A with B on C in D upon

　　5. A mental B good C general D physical

　　6. A focused B concluded C decided D based

　　7. A measured B conducted C checked D inspected

　　8. A taking B counting C involving D accepting

　　9. A age B marriage C experience D work

　　10. A race B gender C education D income

　　11. A men B people C women D families

　　12. A curve B line C axis D table

　　13. A unless B because C while D since

　　14. A moods B figures C views D trends

　　15. A poor B low C old D weak

　　答案与题解：

　　1.B从短文的题目可以得知，世界各地的人们在其中年时达到痛苦与沮丧的高峰。

　　2.A短语regardless of是固定搭配，意思是不管，不顾。

　　3.C显然，空格处应选shape一词，U shape表示u形的。

　　4.C表示几十岁，应用介词in。

　　5.A短文通篇谈的是mental health，所以此处应填mental。

　　6.D本句话的意思是：调查结果是在综合了若干不同的幸福数据来源得出的。

　　7.B从上下文可以得知，空格处应填表示进行意思的conducted一词。

　　8.C前面一句中出现了表示涉及多少人的involving一词，此处仍应选这样一个词

　　9.A表示年龄应用years of age这样的短语。

　　10.B从本句的后半句可以得知，男女之间在幸福低点方面存在着性别差异。

　　11.B本句前面出现了cheerful people，此处应与其对应，在unhappy后面添people。

　　12.A前面曾出现过U形，显然此处应填表示曲线的curve一词

　　Is Your Childs Stomach Pain All in His Head?

　　We all know there are times that kids seem to complain l a stomach ache to get out of1 chores or going to school. Dont be so sure that the pain they__2__is all in their minds2. Were learning more now about a condition 3 functional abdominal pain that is experienced by millions of kids every day.

　　Like many teenagers, Kyle Brust makes it a point to do his homework: as 4 as he gets home. Unlike most, Kyle often did his with a terrible stomach ache. In fact, the 5 often started while he was at school, but getting help there was getting harder.

　　Some of my teachers wouldnt let me go, because Id asked so many times before and they thought I was trying to get out of 6__ , says Kyle.

　　Kyles mom Marilyn says she couldnt blame the 7 . After all, shed taken him to the doctor several times herself, and even they couldnt find anything__8__

　　You know, youre running the tests and nothings coming up4. So, is it in his head, is he just an extremely stressful child? Its just frustrating 9 were not finding any answers, says Marilyn.

　　It turns out Kyle was suffering from a condition known __10__ functional abdominal pain, that affects as many as one out of every ten kids in this country. Even __11__the cause of the pain may not be obvious, there are real consequences.

　　It really does hurt, and these kids really do suffer, says Dr. Campo, MD at Nationwide

　　Childrens Hospital. To help __12__, Campo is looking into a new approach. Hes conducting clinical trials of an antidepressant that changes the way the body handles a chemical called

　　serotonin. In a preliminary study, Dr. Campo found that in about eight out of ten __13__, the drug normally used to treat emotional pain worked to ease the pain in the __14__

　　We think about it as being important in anxiety and depression and thats all quite true, but

　　whats really interesting is that 95% of our bodys serotonin is in our gut, says Campo.

　　Campo believes these kids have extremely sensitive intestines, and controlling the effects of

　　serotonin may __15__ ease the pain. It seemed to work for Kyle, who is now completely pain free for the first time in years.

　　词汇：

　　Chore n.零星活儿 gut n.下消化道，肠;胃

　　Antidepressant n.抗抑郁药 intestine n.肠

　　Serotonin n.血清素

　　1.get out of：逃避

　　2.Dont be so sure that the pain they feel is all in their minds：不要确信无疑他们所感觉到的疼痛全部是想象出来的。题目中的in his head等同于in his mind。

　　3.makes it a point to do sth：决心做某事

　　4.nothings coming up：没有任何结果

　　练习:

　　1. A of B on C at D by

　　2. A take B forget C feel D make

　　3. A stopped B created C called D mentioned

　　4. A soon B early C late D timely

　　5. A work B play C program D pain

　　6. A class B punishment C treatment D home

　　7. A doctors B teachers C parents D classmates

　　8. A good B useful C wrong D handy

　　9. A because B although C unless D so

　　10. A to B at C in D as

　　11. A though B whether C thus D how

　　12. A them B him C us D you

　　13. A numbers B studies C cases D parts

　　14. A stomach B head C heart D mind

　　15. A support B aid C assist D help

　　答案与题解：

　　1.A 表示抱怨某事，要在complain后面跟of一词。

　　2.C 显然，空格处应填感觉，用feel一词。

　　3.C A condition called functional abdominal pain的意思是：一种被称作功能性腹部疼痛的病。

　　4.A 短语as soon as是固定搭配，意思是一。

　　5.D 前一句的末尾提到了a terrible stomach pain，因此，接下来谈的还应是the pain。

　　6.A 老师们不让他走，显然他们认为他是想逃课，所以应选class一词。

　　7.B 前一句提到了学校的老师，显然，作为孩子的母亲，Marilyn觉得怪不着老师。

　　8.C 根据上文可以得知，即使是医生们也查不出什么毛病。

　　9.A 本句的意思是这种情况令人困顿，因为我们得不出任何答案。

　　10.D known as是固定搭配，意思是通常名叫。

　　11.A even though是固定搭配，意思是尽管。

　　12.A前一句中出现了these kids，空格处还应指他们，所以用them一词。

　　13.C in about eight out of ten cases的意思是：在每十个病例中约有八例。

　　14.A前面多次谈到了腹部疼痛，因此这里应是stomach。

　　15.D表示有助于做某事，从语法的角度讲，只有help一词后面可以跟不带t0的不定式。