词汇量无疑是几乎所有雅思考生都会自愧弗如的话题,笔者每每在课堂上问及学员对自己词汇量的评估时,都会看到无数惭愧的表情;每当提及如果希望能从容地参加雅思考试,则需要8,500-10,000的词汇量时,总能引来唏嘘一片,充分可见雅友们在词汇量的问题上是多么地缺乏自信。但是,词汇量匮乏到底会多大程度上影响考生的成绩呢?可否籍由其他的巧妙方式来达成较为满意的结果呢?笔者认为还是有很大空间的。猜词即是其中之一。作为教师,除了在教学中指导学生通过正确可行的方式达成单词记忆之外,培养学生的猜词技巧亦能收到意想不到的效果,下面就猜词的具体技巧与各位同仁探讨,希望能有助于教学。
分析认为,雅思阅读文章在行文中,作者为了更好地表达文章的主旨,揭示所要诠释的思想,常常在文章中对一些比较重要的词汇、概念和难懂的术语等做出一些解释,这种解释称作针对性解释,它可以提供明确的信息,可以利用这些针对性解释来猜测词义。
1、根据定义猜测词义
一些词在阅读文章中属于专业词汇类,虽然它不会在题目的判断中成为核心考点,但如果出现在题目中还是会令考生担忧,影响发挥的。此时若能借助文中的释义做合理推断,就会在判断中起到积极正面的影响。如下面的原文:
Last week scientists from the University of Manchester revealed that loud music stimulates a part of the inner ear called the sacculus, which is connected to the hypothalamus, the brains pleasure centre.
虽然初看到sacculus 不明白其意义,但通过解释至少知道是内耳的一个部分,对于解题已经清除了障碍。
如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义,理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。例如: anthropology is the scientific study of man. 由定义可知,anthropology就是研究人类的科学。
In slang the term jam constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.
同样,从上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是困境。 定义句的谓语动词多为:be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。
2、根据复述猜测词义
虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细,但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。复述部分可以是词、短语或是从句。
同位语 Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
此例逗号中短语意为对词意义进行研究的学科。该短语与前面生词semantics是同位关系,因此我们不难猜出semantics指语义学。
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