英汉两种语言的最基本的语序是SVOAIDS patients and others infected with HIV, the AIDS virus, face discrimination of various sorts the world over, and the high cost and long-term nature of treatment aggravate quandaries that occur to a lesser degree in other serious diseases. 如果硬要还定语为定语,就会译成:
艾滋病人和其他受艾滋病毒侵染的人面对世界上各种各样的歧视,而且治疗费用高昂与需要长期治疗这种特点加重了在其他严重疾病中发生的程度较轻的窘境。 但是如果根据句意,将其转换成原因状语,我们就可以读到更为顺畅的中文:
艾滋病人和其他受艾滋病毒侵染的人面对世界上各种各样的歧视;此外,由于治疗费用高昂,再加上需要长期进行,与其他重病病人相比,他们所要面对的境况要严峻得多。 类似的连接词还有:“因为”、“为了”等。 2. 译成表示“结果”的分句:
There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.
这个方案富于创造性,独出心裁,很有魄力,所以他们都很喜欢。 这一类连接词还有:“结果”、“因此”、“使”等。 3. 译成表示“转折”或“让步”的分句:
My assistant, who had carefully read through the instructions before doing his experiment, could not obtain satisfactory results, because he followed them mechanically.
虽然我的助手在做试验之前已从头到尾仔细阅读过说明书,但由于生搬硬套,所以不能得到满意的结果。 He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for.
他坚持要再造一幢房子,尽管他并无此需要。 4.译成表示目的的分句:
But the Southern States wanted to set up a country of their own, where they would be free to keep black slaves.
但是南方各州却想建立他们自己的国家,以便在那里他们可以随心所欲地继续把黑人当作奴隶。 5.译成表示“条件”、“假设”的分句
He would be a short-sighted commander who merely manned his fortress and did not look beyond.
谁如果只守城堡而不往远处看,那他就是一个目光短浅的指挥员。
我们还可以用“凡是”、“只要”等连接词。 参考书目:叶子南,《高级英汉张培基 喻云根 李宗杰 彭末禹,《英汉
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