need(普通动词),need(情态动词)
这一对词的用法和区别与dare(请参阅该节)大体相同。need的意义是需要、必须,既可用作普通动词,又可用作情态动词。
作普通动词时,它有各种时态形式的变化;第三人称单数现在时要加-s;与带to的不定式连用。如:
The pen needs mending.
这支钢笔需要修理。
Does she need to go to the club?
她必须去俱乐部吗?
She does not need to go there at present.
现在她不必去那里。
作情态动词时,没有过去形式;第三人称单数现在时不加-s;不用在肯定句里,只用于疑问句和否定句;与不带to的不定式连用;如:
Need she go now?
她必须现在去吗?
She need not come to school at present.
她现在不必来学校。
Mary need not have done it.
玛丽本来不必去做那件事。(言外之意是:她已经做了)
请注意下列句子的不同涵义:
We didnt need to go.
我们没有必要去。(所以也就没有去)
We neednt have gone.
(其实)我们是没有必要去的。(但事实上已去过了)
从上例可见,当need not之后接完成体的不定式时,表示已做了原来无需做的行为之意。因此,现在我们可以正确区分下列两句的不同涵义:
He didnt need to come to school.(没有来)
He need not have come to school.(已来过)
除作动词外,need还可以用作名词。如:
There is no need to hurry.
没有必要那么匆忙。
The need for more cooperation is felt.
有人感到有必要更多合作。
They are in need of relief.
他们需要救济。
作名词时,need还可以表示逆境、穷困之意。如:
Dont fail a person in his need.
不要弃人于患难之中。
He is in great,need.
他非常穷困。
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