英语讲义【151】句子合成法

　　两个或两个以上简单句（Simple Sentence）可以合成一个较长的简单句、并列句（Compound Sentence）或复杂句（Complex Sentence）。通过句子的合成，我们得以更清楚地看出句子间的语义关系，而且还可以使句子多样化，增加文章的丰姿。

　　现在就从三方面来看看句子合成法的问题。

　　1. 由两三个简单句合成一个长的简单句。例如：

　　（1） John ran away. He escaped the danger.

　　 Running away, John escaped the danger.

　　（2） The hunter took up his gun. He shot the boar.

　　 The hunter took up his gun to shoot the boar.

　　（3） The king died. The queen heard about it. She fainted.

　　 On hearing about the kings death, the queen fainted.

　　（4） Kelvin is my good friend. He is a strong supporter of social justice.

　　 Kelvin, a strong supporter of social justice, is my good friend.

　　（5） The rascal kicked the cat. He kicked it on the back. He kicked it intentionally.

　　 The rascal kicked the cat on the back intentionally.

　　2. 由两三个简单句合成一个并列句。例如：

　　（6） John was sad. He kept quiet.

　　 John was sad but he kept quiet.

　　（7） Take the book. Leave it there.

　　 Take the book or leave it there.

　　（8） Sean did not come to class today. He had a bad headache.

　　 Sean did not come to class today, for he had a bad headache.

　　（9） Bruce was lying on the bed. He looked at the ceiling. He saw a lizard.

　　 Lying on the bed, Bruce looked at the ceiling and saw a lizard.

　　3. 由两三个简单句合成一个复杂句。例如：

　　（10） Kelvin is getting rich. We know about it.

　　 We know that kelvin is getting rich.

　　（11） I like this book. It contains many amusing stories.

　　 I like this book which contains many amusing stories.

　　（12） Helen is sure to get her pay. It is due to her. Why does she complain?

　　 Why does Helen complain since she is sure to get the pay due to her ?

　　（13） The woman was exhausted. She had not slept well the previous night.

　　 The woman was exhausted because she had not slept well the previous night.

　　上面例子显示，简单句由主语+谓语（Subject + Predicate） 构成，有时还附有修饰性的短语。并列句由至少两个地位平等的并列分句透过并列连词 （Coordinating Conjunction）如and, or, but, so, for等连成。复杂句包括一个主句 （Main Clause）及至少一个从句 （Subordinate Clause）， 通过从属连词（Subordinating Conjunction） 如That, since, because, when, if等合成。从属分句因功能不同而分成名词从句（Noun Clause）, 副词从句（Adverb Clause） 和形容词从句（Adjective Clause）。

　　上述诸句式中，复杂句最为多采多姿，不妨多用。为了避免句子太长，难以控制，一个复杂句最好不要超过三个从句。