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英语讲义【20】“义同形异”的常用词

发布时间:2016-03-01  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  上一期谈过了形式义异的混淆词,这期要谈义同形异的常用词。

  1.Over / above

  Over和above这两个介词的意思是在.上面。我们可以说(1)The sky is above our heads,也可以说(2)The sky is over our heads.我们也可以说(3)He Spread his handkerchief over his face.但不能说*(4)He spread his handkerchief above his face. 同样的,可以说(5)John has travelled all over the world以及 (6)The King reigns over a great empire,但是(5)和(6)里的 over却不可以above取代。

  2.bring / take

  Bring和take的意思相同,但用法并不一样。

  Bring指东西向说话的人的方向去,如:

  (7) Bring me the book, please.

  Take指东西向说话的人离去,如:

  (8)Take the dictionary away from me .

  由此可见,bring和take都表示东西要移动,只是方向不同:bring向说话者而来;take向说话者而去。

  3.Certain / sure

  Certain和sure都含确定之意,只是在句中的用法有些不同。下列第九到十一的句子都对,但第十二的句子就不行了:

  (9) We are certain to come to the party. / Tom is sure to come today.

  (10) I am not certain whether I will be able to do it. / Are you sure that you will do it?

  (11) It is certain that Jason will leave me.

  *(12) It is sure that Jason will leave me.

  4. rob / Steal

  虽然这两个字都是及物动词,但用法不同,不可互相取代。

  Steal的宾语通常是被偷的东西,如钱,手表之类。Rob 的宾语必须是人或地方。如:

  (13) A thief entered her house and stole her valuables.

  (14) A stranger robbed a passer-by.

  (15) Who robbed the bank last night?

  5.chase / follow

  这两个动词,一个是追逐,另一个是跟随,都是人家在前,他在后,但用起来不一样;chase不但是动词,也是名词,如:

  (16)The cat chased the mouse and caught it soon after.

  (17)The puplis followed the teacher to the classroom.

  (18)There was a thrilling car chase in the film.

  (19) Social unrest follows widespread unemployment.

  (20) I could not follow what he was saying.

  

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