所在位置: 查字典英语网 >小学英语 > 小升初 > 小升初语法 > 英语讲义【14】主动语态之形,被动语态之意

英语讲义【14】主动语态之形,被动语态之意

发布时间:2016-03-01  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  在《语态:主动与被动的关系》一文里,提到有些动词有主动语态之形,但却有被动语态之意。

  这些动词包括及物的(transitive verbs)、不及物的( intransitive verbs)、动名词(gerunds)和不定式动词( infinitives)。这些动词很特别,但数目不多。例如:

  Ⅰ及物动词  ① That house is building (= being built).

  ② The trumpets are sounding ( = being sounded).

  ③ The film is showing now (= being shown now).

  ④ The guns are firing (= being fired).

  ⑤ The drums are beating ( = being beaten).

  Ⅱ不及物动词  ⑥ The middle house wont let.

  ⑦ Porcelain sinks clean easily.

  ⑧ Such potatoes peel well.

  ⑥-⑧中的出租、清洗和削都有被的意思。

  Ⅲ动名词  ⑨ Your office needs cleaning (= to be cleaned).

  ⑩ The computer wants servicing (= to be serviced).

  11. This watch requires winding up ( = to be wound up).

  12. That good point bears repeating (= to be repeated).

  Ⅳ不定式动词  13. This is an apartment to let.

  14. Give him a chair to sit down.

  15. There is nothing to do for the time being.

  16. You are to blame.

  13-16中的不定式动词都有被动之意,情况和⑥-⑧中的不及物动词类似,都是具有主动语态之形,含有被动语态之意。然而,这种用法虽很特殊,却不普遍。当这些动词回到本来的性质时,还是有被动语态的, 只是含义有些不同。例如17和18中的(a)和(b)的含义便有些不同:

  17.a) His books sell well.

   b) His books are sold well.

  18.a) Your shoes have worn well.

   b) Your shoes have been worn well.

  (a)的句子表示书的销路好和鞋子耐穿,都是因为主语有内在的优点。至于(b)的句子,它们只把事实反映出来,没有别的含义。

  最后,当感官动词当接系动词用时,它们也是有主动语态之形,被动语态之意:

  19.Honey tastes sweet.

  20.Glass feels smooth.

  21.Perfume smells good.

  22.The sky seems to appear dark.

  23.The weather has turned hot.

  

查看全部
推荐文章
猜你喜欢
附近的人在看
推荐阅读
拓展阅读

分类
  • 年级
  • 类别
  • 版本
  • 上下册
年级
不限
类别
英语教案
英语课件
英语试题
不限
版本
不限
上下册
上册
下册
不限