在英语里,我们可以用两种方法转述人的话语。第一种是直接引语(The Direct Speech);第二种是间接引语(The Indirect Speech),也可叫The Reported Speech)。
从直接引语转变为间接引语是一种表达行式的改变,不影响原意。例如:
① a. He said, I am working now.
b. He said that he was working then.
② a. She asked me, Do you like to sing?
b. She asked me if I liked to sing.
③ a. Go out! the man said to the boy.
b. The man ordered the boy to go out.
①b, ②b, ③b是间接引语,其形式和①a, ②a, ③a不同。
间接引语是种常见的句法,用得很多。正因为用得多,出错的机会也多。下面便是些例子:
④ He said that he would come tomorrow.
这里的副词tomorrow要变成the next day。理由是:间接引语里的时间副词或短语, 一般上要把其中的时间向前推,如: tomorrow: the next day; today: that day; last night: the night before; now: then; ago: before that time 等。
⑤ I asked what is wrong with him.
这里的is要变成was。须知:主句I asked和分句 what is wrong with him的动词时态必须配合。既然主句的动词 asked是过去时态,分句的动词也要过去时态was。此外,动词时态一般上也要推前,因此简单过去时态(Simple Past Tense)要变成过去完成时态(Past Perfect Tense),如:went : had gone; left : had left.
⑥ John told her dont do that again.
这里的dont do要变成not to do才对。理由是:祈使句变成间接引语时的形式是不定式动词:to + verb / not to + verb,如:to come / not to come; to do / not to do.
⑦ She asked me where was I going.
这里的was I词序不对, 要变成I was才是,因为间接疑问句(indirect question)里的词序和叙述句一样,是正常词序,不是倒装法,如:
⑧ He wanted to know who that girl was.
⑨ John asked Helen if she was free.
⑩ She asked me whether I could help her.
如果词序是倒装形式,就错了:
*who was that girl.
*if was she free.
*whether could I help her.
关于间接疑问句,还有一点必须注意的是,直接疑问句里的疑问词要照用, 如例⑧的who。如果没有疑问词,就要借重连接词 if或 whether之助,如例⑨和⑩便是。
在结束本文之前,顺便提一提怎样把表示惊叹或愿望的直接引语转成间接引语。
11. He said, Alas! I am undone.
12. Bravo! You have done a good job, Mary, said the teacher.
13. Good Heaven! Tom cried, ll never lie again.
把11-13,转变为14-16时, 可以用恰当的动词把深层的意思反映出来,甚至加些原文没有的字眼,也无所谓:
14. He exclaimed that he was undone.
15. The teacher praised Mary, saying that she had done a good job.
16. Tom called upon Heaven to witness his determination not to lie again.
“爱”成中学生作文出现频率最高词汇
09年中考英语总复习经典习题讲解3一冠词
初中英语常用词组1 动词词组
中考英语词汇--“美味水果”大聚会
2009中考英语词汇表 系列M
张惠妹《排山倒海》英文版
常用英语词语辨析105组(5)
词汇笔记 五种词汇的学习方法 超强
高中英语词汇:80后“A到Z”生存法则
初中英语常用词组复习2
2009中考英语词汇表 系列H
从奥巴马演讲词看英语写作词汇的应用
2009中考英语词汇表 系列I
2009中考英语词汇短语集锦 (1)
2009中考英语词汇表 系列S
2010年中考英语词汇熟词新义:start
初中英语 词缀记忆法
2009中考英语词汇表 系列W
09年中考英语总复习经典习题讲解5一代词
十个窍门积累英语词汇
2010年中考英语词汇旧词新义:cost
初中英语常用词组2 介词短语词组
常用英语词语辨析105组(11)
初中英语短语汇总 A- Y
2009中考英语词汇表 系列JKL
2009中考英语词汇表 系列UV
2009中考英语词汇表 系列R
2009最新中考英语单项填空模拟考试卷 附详解答案
2010年中考英语词汇旧词新义:cause
常用英语词语辨析105组(4)
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |