词语辨析(十)
aim/purpose/object
aim 意思是目的,指抱有一种明确的目的,并意味着为之实现而竭尽全力。例如:
What's your aim in life? 你的人生目的是什么?
The ultimate aim of the Party is the realization of communism.党的最终目的是实现共产主义。
purpose 意思是目的,指心中有打算,并意味着对所作的打算有较大的决心。例如:
It was done with a definite purpose.做这件事具有一个明确的目的。
For what purpose (purposes) do you want to go to Canada?你要去加拿大的目的何在?
Object 表示目的的意思时,含有比较具体的意味,往往指在我们的行为中,需要或希望直接达到的目的。例如:
The object of my visit is to consult you.我访问的目的是来和你商量。
What is your object in studying English?你学英文的目的何在?
[注〕以上这几个词的涵义虽有差别,但在语言实践中,常被毫无区别地使用着。
aid/assist/help
help 用作动词表示帮助的意思时,语意最强,是最普通的的用语,特别是在日常的谈话中。例如:
May I help you with your luggage? 帮你拿行李好吗?
he helped her in mathematics.他帮助她学数学。
We helped him(to) mend his bicycle.我们帮他修理自行车。
aid 用作动词表示帮助、援助的意思时,语意较弱,往往着重指受帮助者处于非常需要帮助的境况。它是比较正式的用语,在日常谈话中不常用。例如:
We aid him to do it.我们帮助他做这件事。
They were aided by the guerrilla forces.他们得到游击队的援助。
assist 通常用作动词,意思是帮助,语意也较弱,含有协助的意味。它也是比较正式的用语。例如:
He assisted me in my work.他帮助我工作。
She assisted him in his experiments.她帮助他做试验。
The militiamen did much to assist the frontier guards.民兵大力协助边防军。
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