短文改错中的画蛇添足
高考短文改错中,其中一项为去掉多余的词,考生很难把握,现将常出现的几种情况归纳如下:
一。语意重复
准确把握词汇的确切含义是避免语意重复的关键。下面各句画线部分属于意义上的重复,应去掉。
1. I'll spend all the whole weekend reading and preparing for it. (NMET2000)
2. When I returned back , I found he was not in.
3. It's a very good company and how I enjoy working here very much .
4. How are you getting well with the work?
5. One man was so brave enough to put a big snake around his neck.
常见语意重复的现象有: think over ( 仔细考虑 ) (carefully), walk (on foot), advance (forward), renew (again), master ( 精通 ) (well), improve (better), raise (up), be about to do (at once), repeat (again), sink ( 下沉 ) (down), another ( 有,再 ) (more), leave (away), gather/collect (together), unite /combine ( 联合,团结 ) (together), meet ( 会合 ) (together), (still) remain, (more) perfect, repay (back), maybe (may), alone ( 独自 ) (by oneself), about/around/round ( 大约 ) (or so), etc. 括号里的单词都与它前(后)面的词重复,应去掉。
二。多余的介词。
1 .受汉语的影响在一些及物动词后面添加多余的介词。下面各句中画线部分属于这种情况。
We must serve for the people heart and soul.
John married with Alice last year.
salute to ( 向致敬 ), greet to ( 向问好 ), visit to ( 访问,参观 ), enter into ( 进入 ), advertise for ( 为作广告 ), discuss about ( 讨论有关的情况 ), fight against ( 与作斗争 ), flee from ( 逃离 ), fit for ( 合适,适合 ) 等结构中介词都是多余的。
2 .时间名词前面有 this, that, last, next, every, each, one, some, all, any 以及 yesterday, today, tomorrow 时,前面无须用介词 in, on, at . time 表示次数时,前面也不用介词。
In fact, they are planning to visit China in next year. (NMET1996)
I won't be able to come in this time. (NMET2000)
We practise for three times every week and often watch football match on TV. (NMET1998)
3 .副词前一般不用介词( from 除外),容易出错的副词有: upstairs, downstairs, there, home, abroad 和用作副词的方位词(如: south, north, east, west, etc. )以及以 -ward 结尾的副词(如: southward, northward, eastward, forward, backward, etc. )。
He is going to go to abroad to settle.
He didn't know there she had gone to .
Jose played his guitar and sang in wherever he could.
The house faces to south.
三。非谓语动词和定语从句中多余的宾语。下面各句画线部分属于多余的宾语。
1. The film is worth seeing it . (see 的宾语是 the film ,因此不需要再加 it . )
2. The box is too heavy for me to carry it . (carry 的宾语是 the box ,因此不需再加 it . )
I have read the novel twice which you are talking about it . ( 如果关系代词 which, that, who(m) ,在从句中充当宾语,动词后不需再加 it . )
四。动词不定式符号 to 的多余。
, the librarian will write to you, and let you to know when the book you want has been returned. (NMET1994)
, all planned and written by grown-ups make children to want things that they don't really need. (2003 北京春招 )
He had nothing to do but to make a living by begging.
感官动词、使役动词后面的宾语补足语不用 to do 的形式,而是用动词原形; but 用作介词,若其前的句子中含有实义动词 do 时,作宾语的动词不定式不带 to; why not, had better, would rather, rather than 后接动词原形;不定式作表语时,如果主语部分含 do 的各种形式,那么作表语的不定式前不带 to; can not but, cannot help but 后接动词原形。
五。多余的连词。
英语的复合句只需一个连词,连接主句与从句,并说明二者之间的关系。
1. They believe that the spirit stays with the body for 3 days, so during which someone is always with the dead person.
2. Though we still find it difficult to learn the language, but we've made up our minds to learn it well.
3. There are a lot of islands in China, and the largest of which is Taiwan.
六。多余的冠词。
1. advice, music, fun, information, luggage, weather, furniture 属于绝对的不可数名词,因此前面不用 a/an .
2. 下列情况名词前不用冠词:
(1)man/mankind( 人类 ), nature ( 自然,自然界 ), word ( 消息,音信 ), room ( 空间 ), space ( 空间,太空 )
(2)as 引导让步状语从句时。
(3) 表示独一无二的官衔、职务作表语、同位语、补足语时。
(4)turn, go 后作表语的名词。
(5) 不带有修饰性词语的一日三餐的名词前。
( 错 )He has turned a doctor.
( 正 )He has turned doctor.
( 错 )A child as he is, he knows a lot about English.
( 正 )Child as he is, he knows a lot about English.
以上是笔者根据近年来高考试题和各地联考试卷中总结出的有关多词的几种常见现象。考生在学习和复习的过程中,要处处留心,注意知识的积累,更重要的是要加强基础知识的训练,准确把握词意、词的搭配及习惯用法,做题时才能得心应手。
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