20.3 表示选择的并列结构
1) or意思为否则。例如:
I must work hard, or Ill fail in the exam. 我要努力学习,否则考试要不及格了。
2) eitheror 意思为或者或者。注意谓语动词的主谓一致采用就近原则。例如:
Either you or I am right. 不是你对,就是我对。
20.4 表示转折或对比
1) but表示转折,while表示对比。例如:
Some people love cats, while others hate them.有些人喜欢猫,而有些人不喜欢。
典型例题
--- Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
--- Id like to, ___ Im too busy.
A. and B. so C. as D. but
答案D。but与前面形成转折,符合语意。而表并列的and, 结果的so,原因的as都不符合句意。
2) notbut 意思为不是而是,后面的用词要遵循一致原则。
They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being. 这些不是动物的骨头,而是人的。
20.5 表原因关系
1) for是并列连词,不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首,只能将其放在两个分句中间。
判断改错:(错) For he is ill, he is absent today.
(对) He is absent today, for he is ill.
2) so为连词, therefore一般为副词。例如:
He hurt his leg, so he couldnt play in the game. 他的腿受伤了,不能上场。
I think; therefore I exist. 我思故我在。
20.6 比较so和 such
such 是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many,few,much, little连用,形成固定搭配。
so + adj. such + a(n) + n.
so + adj. + a(n) + n. such + n. (pl.)
so + adj. + n. (pl.) such +n. (pl.)
so + adj. + n. (不可数) such +n.(不可数)
so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many/ few flowers such nice flowers
so much/ little money. such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people
so many 已成固定搭配,a lot of 虽相当于 many,但 a lot of 为名词性的,只能用such搭配。sothat与suchthat之间的转换即为 so与such之间的转换。
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