1. come
[误]I came across with an old friend in the street yesterday.
[正]I came across an old friend in the street yesterday.
[析] come across是偶然碰见、遇见,要直接加宾语,如:Ive just come across a beautiful poem in this magazine.
[误]A: Where do you come from? B: I come from the station.
[正]A: Where did you come from? B: I came from the station.
[正]A: Where do you come from? B: I come from China.
[析] Where do you come from?意为你是什么地方的人?而Where did you come from?则是你从何处来?
[误]The stars are coming out from the cloud.
[正]The stars are coming out of the cloud.
[析]come out of意为从地方出来。
come in, come into, enter
come in与come into的意义相同,但come into后面要加宾语,而come in后面不用宾语。如I found someone came into my room. The door opened and the child came in.
enter常作为及物动词使用,如:The bus entered the English tunnel.
2. congratulate
[误]I want to congratulate you for your success with all my heart.
[正]I want to congratulate you on your success with all my heart.
[析]动词congratulate somebody on something是向某人祝贺某事。其名词congratulation在用时一般要用复数,如:I offered him my congratulations on his success.又如:Congratulations!
3. cook
[误]My father is a good cooker.
[正]My father is a good cook.
[析]很多动词加上er则变为执行该动作的一种人,如work --- worker, teach --- teacher. 但cook即是动词做饭,同时名词也是厨师。而cooker则是厨具、炊具之意。如:I will cook the dinner. I bought a good press cooker(高压锅)。
4. corner
[误]There is a post office in the corner of the street.
[正]There is a post office at the corner of the street.
[误]A girl sat at the corner of the room.
[正]A girl sat in the corner of the room.
[析] in the corner是在建筑物内部的角上,而at the corner是在外部的角上,如:There is a big tree at the corner of the building.
5. cost
[误]I cost ten dollars for the book.
[正]I spent ten dollars on the book.
[误]I cost two hours to do my homework.
[正]It took me two hours to do my homework.
[析]cost,spend,take都可以作花费讲,但用法不同。cost的用法是something + cost + somebody + 时间或金钱,如:The book cost me ten dollars. spend的用法是somebody + spend + 时间 + (in)doing something,如:I spent two hours (in) writing this book. 或somebody + spend + 金钱 + on something,如:I spend two dollars on this book. 而take的用法则要用逻辑主语it:It + takes + somebody + 时间 + to do something, 如:It took me an hour to clean the classroom.
6. country
[误]You can find cows in a country.
[正]You can find cows in the country.
[析]country即可作国家讲,也可作农村讲。当作农村讲时,一定要加定冠词,而且只有单数形式。
[误]Farmers live in the countries.
[正]Farmers live in the country.
[析]但作为国家讲时则可有单、复数形式,例如:Japan is an Asian country. Japan, China, and India are Asian countries.另外,country一般指的是地理概念上的国家,如:New Zealand is an agricultural country. 而nation多指民族组成的国家,如:The Chinese nation(中华民族)。state多侧重于政权方面的区域、国家范围,如:the state farm(国营农场)。
7. cross
[误]There are traffic lights at the cross.
[正]There are traffic lights at the crossing.
[析]cross作为名词讲时是十字架、十字形的东西,如:Red Cross(红十字会)。
[误]The little boy is going to across the street.
[正]The little boy is going to cross the street.
[析]across是副词或介词,但不能作动词用。
cross, pass
cross是指横过某地,如:He crossed the square. 而pass则强调从某物体旁经过,如:I mailed some letters when I passed the post office.
8. crowd
[误]The room soon was crowded by people.
[正]The room soon was crowded with people.
[析]crowded在这句话中应作为形容词,所以这句话不是被动语态而是系表结构,如:The room was crowded with books.
9. cup
[误]A silver glass was given to the winner.
[正]A silver cup was given to the winner.
[误]My mother was looking for the whisky cup.
[正]My mother was looking for the whisky glass.
[析]glass一般指由玻璃制成的器皿,而cup多指用陶瓷或金属制成的杯子,且cup尤其用在奖杯上。喝酒多用的是玻璃制成的杯子,如我们讲I drink a glass of wine at supper. 而不讲I drink a cup of wine at supper.
10. dance
[误]Well invite you and your wife to a dance party.
[正]Well invite you and your wife to a dancing party.
[正]Well invite you and your wife to a dance.
[正]Well invite you and your wife to a ball.(美语中常用ball作为舞会。)
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