同义句转换的九种类型

同义句转换题是近几年中考英语的一个常考题型，其出题形式通常是同时给出两个句子，第一句完整，第二句中设有几处空格，要求考生填入适当的词或词组，使第二句的意思与第一句意思相同。它综合考查考生的语法、词汇、短语或习惯用语和句型结构等知识，要求运用所学的词汇、语法知识和句型结构填写句子，使句子结构完整、逻辑合理、语法知识无误、意思与所给句子相同。通过对近几年的中考英语试题中同义句转换题的分析，我们发现中考英语同义句转换题主要考查以下几个方面：
一、运用同义词（组）进行转换

用同义词或同义词组对原句中的某些词或词组进行替换，注意转换后的词或词组的词形变化要与句子其他成分相适应。如：
1. That day we could see flowers here and there.
That day we could see flowers __________.
分析：答案为everywhere。everywhere与here and there都表示“到处”。
2. The teacher always takes good care of the children in the school.
The teacher always_______ ______the children well in the school.
分析：答案为looks after。take good care of与look after…well都表示“好好照顾”。

二、运用反义词（组）的否定式进行转换

即用反义词或词组的否定式表达与原句相同的意思，主要考查学生对反义词（词组）的积累和换位思维的能力。如：
1. It’s clear that this visit is different from last time.
It’s clear that this visit is not the___ ___last time.
分析：答案为same as。be different from意为“与……不同”；the same as意为“与……相同”，其否定式与be different from同义。
2. I think wealth is less important than health.
I ___ think wealth is ___ important than health.
分析：答案为don’t，more。less important的意思是“没有（不及）……重要”；more important的意思是“（比）……更重要”，该结构与not连用，则表示“不比……更重要”。
另外，有的反义词即使不与否定词连用，而只需改变句子结构也可构成同义句。如：
He lent some money to his friend.
He friend ___ some money ___ him.
分析：答案为borrowed，from。borrow…from意为“向……借……”；lend…to意为“把……借给……”。两个结构意思相反，但若变换“借出者”与“借入者”的位置，则可转换为同义句。

三、运用不同语态进行转换

即运用主动语态与被动语态的变化来转换同义词，但此时要特别注意时态、动词一致性。如：
1. Everyone should give back his library books on time.
Library books should____ ____ ____ on time.
分析：答案为be given back。被动句中含有情态动词should，因此助动词用be。
2. It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today.
Computers ____ widely ___ in the world today.
分析：答案为are，used。computers是复数名词，助动词用are。

四、非延续性动词与延续性动词的相互转换

即非延续性动词与延续性动词进行转换，此时往往会涉及时态的变化。如：
1. The manager left two hours ago.
The manager _____ ____ ____ for two hours.
分析：答案为has been away。leave为非延续性动词，不能与for two hours这样的一段时间连用，而改成be away这样的延续性动词后，则可连用一段时间。
2. The film began five minutes ago.
The film has been _____ _____ five minutes.
分析：答案为on for。has been提示时态是现在完成时态，“for+时间段”表示“持续（一段时间）”，常用在含有现在完成时态的句子里。
3. Mr Li joined the Party twenty years ago.
Mr Li _____ _____ _____ the Party for twenty years.
答案：has been in。短暂动词join，意为“参加、加入（组织，政党）”，不能与延续时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将join改成be in或be a member in…。

五、运用不同引语进行转换

即将直接引语变为间接引语或将间接引语转换成直接引语。此时还要注意相关时态、人称、动词、状语等相应的变化。如：
1. “I’ve found my wallet,” he said to me.
He _________ me that he _________ _________ his wallet.
分析：答案为told，had found。此题是将直接引语转换成间接引语。
2. “Did you see her last week?” he said.
He _______ _______ I had seen her the week _______.
分析：答案为asked if/ whether, before。此题是将疑问句的直接引语转换成间接引语。

六、运用简单句与复合句之间的转换

即将简单句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的简单句。如：
1. We didn’t go out for a walk because it was raining.
We didn’t go out for a walk _______ _______ the rain.
分析：答案为because of。将原因状语从句because it was raining改为表示原因的介词短语because of the rain。
2. He was so excited that he couldn’t go to sleep.
He was ______ ______ ______ go to sleep.
分析：答案为too excited to。将so…that…换成too…to…结构，原句的that从句为结果状语从句，改写句中的不定式仍表结果。
3. Now I will show you how to do the work.
Now I will show you ______ ______ ______ do the work.
分析：答案为how you can。即将原句中的“疑问词+不定式”结构转换成宾语从句。
4. You should put them back after you use them.
You should put them back _____ _____ them.
分析：答案为after using。即将after引导的状语从句改写为after引导的介词短语。

七、运用并列句与复合句之间的转换

即将并列句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的并列句。如：
1. Come on, or we’ll miss the early bus.
____ we ____ hurry, we’ll miss the early bus.
分析：答案为If，don’t。if引导条件状语从句。
2. The man gave us a talk last week. Now he will give us another talk this week.
The man _____ gave us a talk last week _____ _____ us another talk this week.
分析：答案为who/ that，will give。who/ that gave us a talk last week为定语从句，修饰先行词the man。

八、运用关联连词连接或合并句子

即运用关联连词both…and…，neither…nor…，either…or…，not only…but also…等将两个简单句合并为一个简单句。此时要注意的是，both…and…连接两个主语时，谓语总是用复数，而neither…nor…，either…or…，not only…but also…连接两个主语时，谓语动词通常应与靠近的主语保持一致。如：
1. Tom can’t speak Japanese well and Jim can’t, either.
______ Tom ______ Jim can speak Japanese well.
分析：答案填Neither，nor。neither…nor…表示“……和……（两者）都不”，刚好与原句的两个否定结构的意思相吻合。
2. Alice has read the book and Peter has read it, too.
______ Alice ______ Peter have read the book.
分析：答案为Both，and。both…and…的意思是“……和……（两者）都”。
3. This store sells men’s shoes, and it also sells men’s clothes.
This store sells ______ ______ men’s shoes ______ ______ men’s clothes.
分析：答案为not only，but also。表示“不仅……而且……”之意。

九、利用某些典型句式或结构进行转换

这类典型结构如so…that…，too…to…，enough to，not…until…，so do I等。如：
1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too.
Jim wants to go boating, and ______ ______ his parents.
分析：答案为so do。句意为“……他的父母也一样（一样想去）”。
2. John went to bed after he finished his homework.
John ______ go to bed ______ he finished his homework.
分析：答案为didn’t，until。not…until意为“直到……才”。