以a-开头的形容词用法新探•aware

 
以a-开头的形容词用法新探·aware
 
本站特约作者 李 翔
 http://yingyu.chazidian.com
一、aware的用法
1. 知道；意识到；明白(knowing or realizing sth)
(1) 作表语。例如：
Are you aware of the difficulty? 你意识到困难了吗?
I’m (well) aware that very few jobs are available. 我(很) 清楚工作职位非常少。
I don’t think you’re aware (of) how much this means to me. 我想你还不知道这对我多么重要。
(2) 作宾语补足语。例如：
It’s time someone made him aware of the effects of his actions. 该有人让他知道他的所作所为造成的后果了。
2. 察觉到；发觉；发现 (noticing that sth is present, or that sth is happening)
作表语。例如：
She became aware that something was burning. 她发觉有东西烧着了。
3. 对……有兴趣的；有意识的 (interested and knowing about sth and thinking it is important)
(1) 作定语。例如：
She’s always been a politically aware person. 她一直非常关心政治.
(2) 作表语。例如：
Young people are very environmentally aware. 年轻人的环保意识很强。
二、aware的搭配
1. 意识到的
(1) be / seem / become awake。例如：
Bill became aware that he was still holding his glass. 比尔意识到，他仍然握着他的玻璃杯。
(2) make sb awake。例如：
We need to make people more aware of these problems. 我们必须使人们更加认识到这些问题。
(3) remain / stay awake。例如：
Citizens need to remain aware of the danger. 公民需要知道危险。
(4) acutely / intensely / keenly / very / very much / well awake。例如：
I am very much aware that not everyone agrees with me. 我非常清楚，不是每个人都同意我的说法。
(5) fully / perfectly awake。例如：
Mr Moore did not appear fully aware of the importance of this act. 穆尔先生似乎没有充分认识到这种行为的重要性。
注：认为very不能修饰aware的传统观点是不符合当前英语实际情况的。
(6) consciously
Even before you are consciously aware of being afraid, your body may be reacting. 你还没有意识害怕的时候，你的身体可能正在做出反应。
(7) dimly / vaguely / suddenly awake。例如：
She was suddenly aware that she was being watched. 她突然意识到，她在被监视。
(8) barely / hardly / not really awake。例如：
He was not really aware of what he was doing. 他真的不知道自己在做什么。
(9) horribly / painfully / uncomfortably awake。例如：
Moran was painfully aware of Luke’s absence. 莫兰痛苦的意识到卢克的缺席。
(10) awake of。例如：
The police are well aware of the dangers. 警方十分清楚这些危险。
2. 对……有兴趣的
environmentally / politically / socially aware。例如：
The organization aims to create a new generation of environmentally aware consumers and producers. 该组织的目的是培养新的一代具有环保意识的消费者和生产者。
 



 
三、辨析
1.aware, conscious, sensible
这些形容词均含“意识到的”之意。
aware → 强调通过耳闻目睹或感觉而得到的信息，也指敏税的观察和推断。侧重感知，多与of一起用。
conscious → 指内心的感觉，强调深刻的心理活动。
sensible → 侧重通过直觉或理性感觉意识到某物的存在。
2. aware, cognizant, conscious, sensible, awake, alert, watchful, vigilant
这些形容词意为对某件事很留心或很注意。
(1) aware 意指通过自己直觉，如根据别人的态度或者依靠某种信息方式而得到的认识。例如：
I am aware that Congress has passed the legislation.我知道议会已经通过了立法。
(2) cognizant 是一个和aware相当的非常正式的词。例如：
Our research indicates that the nation’s youth are cognizant of the law. (Jerry D. Jennings) 我们的调查表明全国的青年已有了法律意识。（杰里·D·詹宁斯)
(3) conscious 强调某种感知到或感觉到的认识。例如：
an importance ... of which even Americans are barely conscious (William Stanley Jevons) 一种甚至连美国人也几乎没有认识到的重要性（威廉姆·斯坦利·杰文斯)
(4) sensible 指通过感性知觉或通过直觉得到的认识。例如：
as much awake to the novelty of attention in that quarter as Elizabeth herself (Jane Austen) 在那一季对引人注意的新奇事物的感知象伊丽莎白自己一样多（简·奥斯汀)
(5) alert 强调认识及反应的快捷性。例如：
alert enough to spot the opportunity when it came. 当机会到来的时候充分认识到并攫住它
(6) watchful 和vigilant 指注意表面的或潜在的危险。例如：
keeping a vigilant eye on every building where a fire might start. 注意每一座可能发生火灾的大楼。