初中语法必备：现在分词的用法

　　【小编编语】今天查字典英语网小编教给同学们的是初中语法必备：现在分词的用法，一起来学习下吧!

　　现在分词的时态形式分为一般式和完成式两种。

　　1)现在分词一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或晚于谓语动词的动作。例如：

　　While shopping，people sometimes can't help being persuaded into buying something they don't really need.(can't help being persuaded和shopping的动作同时发生;在现在分词前加上when，while时，更强调分词所表示的动作与谓语的动作同时发生。)Last year her husband died，leaving her withthree children.(leaving的动作晚于died的动作;晚于谓语动词动作之后的现在分词放在谓语动词之后，作结果状语。)

　　2)现在分词完成式表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前已经完成。例如：

　　Having written the letter，he went out to post it.(having written的动作发生在went out之前。)

　　2.现在分词的被动语态一般式表示一个被动动作正在进行，或与谓语动词表示的动作同时进行;现在分词被动语态的完成式表示一个被动动作在谓语动词动作之前已经完成。例如：

　　The large building being built(=which is being built)down the street will be a hospital.

　　Having been shown the labs，we were taken to see the library.

　　3.现在分词的否定结构是在分词前加not，注意不要受谓语动词否定形式的影响。用分词完成式时，通常不把not置于having和过去分词之间。例如：

　　Not having received a reply，he decided to write again.

　　4.分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，当分词的主语不是句子的主语时，分词需要带自己的主语(用名词或代词主格)，从而构成独立主格结构，相当于状语从句。例如：

　　The meeting being over(=When the meeting was over)，we all left the room and drove home.

　　Weather permitting，we shall go out for a picnic next Sunday.

　　5.分词作状语时，可表示时间、条件和原因等，这时可将其变为状语从句。例如：

　　He broke his glasses when climbing(when he was climbing)Mount Tai.

　　Not knowing(As she didn't know)his telephone number，she had some difficulty in getting in touch with Bill.

　　Time permitting(If time permits)，we will finish all the work this afternoon.

　　6.分词作伴随状语时，若表示“正在被的概念时，一般不用现在分词的被动式，而用过去分词。例如：

　　译：拿破仑带着一些军官在视察军队。

　　【误】Being followed by some officials ， Napoleon inspected his army.

　　【正】Followed by some officials，Napoleon inspected his army.

　　7.现在分词用作宾语补足语或主语补足语时，所表示的动作和谓语动词的动作是同时进行的。例如：

　　The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.

　　Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea，we let out a shout of joy.

　　8.现在分词的被动式和及物动词的过去分词两者均表示“被动，但前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示一个完成了的动作。例如：

　　The problem being discussed now has something important to do with our daily life.(表示讨论这一动作正在进行)

　　The problem discussed yesterday has something important to do with our daily life.(表示讨论这一动作已经结束)

　　9.现在分词的完成式表示分词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前，一般作时间或原因状语，不可作定语。例如：

　　Having suffered from heart trouble for years，Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.

　　Having been there more than once，the old professor offered to show us around the newly-built library.

　　但表示“比谓语早的动作作定语时，一般不用现在分词的完成式，而常用定语从句的形式。例如：

　　The people who have come to our school are visiting our lab and library.

　　巩固练习：选择最佳答案。

　　1.Most of the photographers ____ to the conference were from north Europe.

　　A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.having invited

　　2.The assistant worked late into the night ，____ a long speech for the president.

　　A.to have prepared B.preparing C.prepared D.having prepared

　　3.“Can't you read?Mary said ____ to the notice.(NMET'93)

　　A.angrily pointing B.and point angrily

　　C.angrily pointed D.and angrily pointing

　　4.The missing singer was last seen ____ the voice close to the bridge.

　　A.exercising B.to be exercising

　　C.exercise D.to exercise

　　5.The directors discussed the project that they would like to see ____ the next year.

　　A.carry out B.carrying out

　　C.carried out D.to carry out

　　6.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks ，____ that he had enjoyed his stay here.(NMET'94)

　　A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added

　　7.The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself ____.

　　A.hear B.to hear C.hearing D.heard

　　8.A cook will be fired immediately if he is found ____ in the kitchen.(NMET2003)

　　A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked

　　Keys: 1—5ABAAC6—8CDB