浅谈高考英语试题对“强调”的考查

人们在交际过程中，为了使自己的思想能为听者或读者恰当地理解，经常需要强调重要内容，这时就要用某种手段来突出某个词、词组或句子等，这就是强调。强调是一种修辞手段，是有效地进行思想交流的重要手段之一。对强调现象的考查已成为近年来英语高考试题中的常考点。英语中常用的强调方法有如下几种。

一、强调句型表示强调

强调句的构成有两种形式。一种是it作引导词，将需要强调的部分提到前面；一种是名词性从句what…is(was) …来表示。

（一）it作引导词引导的强调句

以it作引导词引导的强调句的形式一种为：“It is (was)+被强调部分+that(who)+句子的其它成分意思为“是……，正是……，就是……；一种为：“It is(was) not until+被强调的成分+that+句子的其它成分，意思是“直到……，一直到…。如果叙述的是现在或将来发生的事情，动词用is；如叙述的是过去发生的事情，动词用was。在被强调部分的后面一般用that引出句子的其它成分。但是，如果强调的部分是表示人的名词也可用who。例如：

(1) It is not who is right but what is rightis of importance. (2007重庆)

A. which B. it C. that D. this

(2) It was in New ZealangElizabethfirst met Smith. （2008全国Ⅱ）

A. that B. how C. which D. when

(3) It was he came back fromAfricathat year he met thegirl he would like to marry. （2009江西）

A. when; then B. not; until C. not until; that D. only; when

(4) I have always been honest and straight forward, and it doesn’t matter I’m talking to. （2004广东）

A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom

（二）名词性从句引导的强调句

名词性从句引导的强调句用来强调主语和宾语。例如：

What impressed us most was his image. 给我们印象最深的是他的形象。

What I like is her writing style. 我喜欢的是他的写作风格。

二、用强调词表示强调

英语中有些单词或短语，如much，far，by far，as…as possible等，用于有程度差别的形容词或副词前后，表示“大大地，“尽可能地；very用于名词前，表示“就是这个；do用于动词前，表示“确实，“真的，“一定要；right用于副词或介词短语前，表示“就在……等意义；ever用于疑问词后（不可连写），意为“究竟，到底等等。例如：

(1) This book is by far better than that one. 这本书比那本书好多了。

(2) Can you fix our window as soon as possible? 你能尽快修好我们的窗户吗？

(3) This is the very thing I want. 这就是我所要的那个东西。

(4) The thief wascaught in the very act of stealing.

就在小偷偷东西的那一刻他被抓住了。

(5) —Where do I put the book? 我把书放那儿？

—Put it right here. 就放这儿吧

(6) What ever do you mean by saying that? 你说那话到底是什么意思？

(7)An awful accident , however, occur the other day. (NMET2002)

A. does B. did C. has to D. had to

三、重复用词表示强调

(1) They tried and tried and at last they succeeded. 他们试了一遍又一遍，最终成功了。

(2) It grow colder and colder. 天越来越冷。

(3) The doctor examined the patient’s heart again and again.

医生反复检查病人的心脏。

四、颠倒语序表示强调

(1) I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in my life so happy. (NMET2000)

A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt

(2) Only when the war was over to his hometown. (2001春招)

A. did the young soldier return B. the young soldier returned

C. returned the young soldier D. the young soldier did return

五、双重否定表示强调

(1) Thereis no one who does not make any mistakes in his lifetime.

没有任何人一生当中不犯错误。

(2) None in the village failed to express their gratitude for the doctor’s warm concern.

村里所有的人都表达了对这位医生热诚关心的谢意。

(3) There is no rule that has no exceptions. 任何规则都有例外。