解除或放松疫情限制措施需考虑这6项标准

As some countries experience declines in COVID-19 cases and deaths, their leaders and citizens are eager to get back to work, school, and play.

随着一些国家新冠肺炎确诊病例和死亡病例的减少，领导人和民众急切地希望恢复正常的工作、学习和娱乐生活。

But restrictions need to be lifted slowly and strategically in order to successfully re-enter a new normal rather than lead to waves of lockdowns in the future, the World Health Organization's leaders said during a World Health Organization press briefing April 13.

但世界卫生组织的官员在世卫组织于4月13日召开的资讯发布会上说，要想成功地重新进入“新常态”，而不是今后导致一次又一次的封锁，就必须缓慢地、有策略地解除限制措施。

WHO Director General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said that "while COVID-19 accelerates very fast, it decelerates much more slowly."

世卫组织总干事谭德塞说：“新冠病毒传播加速明显，但减速过程却慢得多。”

"In other words, the way down is much slower than the way up," he said. "That means control measures must be lifted slowly, and with control. It cannot happen all at once."

“换句话说，（病例数）下降速度比上升速度要慢得多。这意味着必须缓慢地、有控制地取消限制措施，不能一蹴而就。”

Tedros announced new strategic advice for countries thinking about relaxing mitigation measures. The six criteria are:

谭德塞宣布了新的新冠防控战略建议，各国在解除疫情限制措施前，应重点考虑6项标准：

1 Transmission is controlled.

疫情传播已得到控制。

2 Health system capacities are in place to detect, test, isolate and treat every case and trace every contact.

卫生系统已具备发现、检测、隔离和治疗每个病例并追踪每个接触者的能力。

3 Outbreak risks are minimized in special settings like health facilities and nursing homes.

卫生机构和疗养院等特殊环境中疫情暴发的风险已被降到最低。

4 Preventive measures are in place in workplaces, schools and other places where it's essential for people to go.

工作场所、学校和其他人们必须前往的地方已采取预防措施。

5 Importation risks can be managed.

输入性病例风险可控。

6 Communities are fully educated, engaged and empowered to adjust to the new normal.

社区已通过充分教育、参与和授权来适应疫情“新常态”。

"Every country should be implementing a comprehensive set of measures to slow down transmission and save lives with the aim of reaching a steady state of low level or no transmission," Tedros said.

谭德塞说：“每个国家都应实施一套全面措施来减缓疫情传播并拯救生命，以达到低传播或无传播的稳定状态。”

Tedros also discussed low-income countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America that are looking at whether to implement restrictions.

谭德塞还谈到了非洲、亚洲和拉丁美洲的低收入国家，这些国家正在考虑是否实施限制措施。

"In countries with large poor populations, the stay-at-home orders and other restrictions used in some high-income countries may not be practical," he said, because residents may be living in crowded quarters, need to work to survive, may need to go to school to receive meals and, in some cases, escape abuse.

“在贫困人口众多的国家，采取一些高收入国家的居家隔离和其他限制措施可能并不实际”，他说，这是因为居民的住处可能很拥挤，他们需要工作才能生存，学生或许需要去学校才能吃上饭，在某些情况下，才可以逃避虐待。

"Physical distancing restrictions are only part of the equation, and there are many other basic public health measures that need to be put in place," he said. "When stay-at-home measures are used, they must not be at the expense of human rights."

他说：“物理距离限制只是应对措施的一部分，还需要采取其他基本的公共卫生措施。所有的居家隔离政策不得以牺牲人权为代价。”

"Each government must assess their situation," he added, "while protecting all their citizens and especially the most vulnerable."

他补充说：“每个政府都必须评估各自状况，保护所有民众，尤其是最弱势的群体。”

Meanwhile, President Donald Trump claimed that he – not governors – has the authority to reopen the US.

与此同时，美国总统特朗普声称让美国重新开放的权力在他手中，而不是各州州长手中。

"It is the decision of the President, and for many good reasons," Trump tweeted. "With that being said, the Administration and I are working closely with the Governors, and this will continue. A decision by me, in conjunction with the Governors and input from others, will be made shortly!"

特朗普在推特上写道：“这个决定应该由总统来做出，我们有充分的理由。话虽如此，我和联邦政府正在与州长们紧密合作，而且这种合作会继续下去。在听取各州州长以及其他人意见的基础上，我将很快做出决定！”

While Trump has talked of reopening the country, there is no national quarantine order. The federal government has released social distancing guidelines, but it is states and localities that have established various stay at home orders.

虽然特朗普谈到了重新开放美国，但美国并没有全国性的隔离命令。联邦政府发布了社交距离指南，但是颁布多种居家指令的是各州和地方政府。

The president has demonstrated he is itching to get the US economy up and running again, but health experts have said it is too soon to name a date because the US is only just now nearing its peak. However, Trump said he is forming a task force dedicated to "opening our country."

特朗普总统已经表明，他急切地希望让美国经济恢复正常运转，但卫生专家表示，现在确定重新开放的日期还为时过早，因为美国的疫情刚刚接近峰值。但特朗普说，他正在组建一个“复工”特别工作组。