柴静的《穹顶之下》说的是她和雾霾的私人恩怨,更是我们大众关心之至的健康和环境问题。想要了解雾霾,想要唤起国内外对环境污染的重视度,想要为环保出一份力,先从学好雾霾的英文表达开始吧!
在网上,雾霾的英文通常有以下3种:smoke,haze以及smog。究竟哪种说法最准确?这就要从雾霾的成分说起了。
《穹顶之下》告诉我们,雾霾是PM2.5等可吸入颗粒物悬浮在空中形成的。它的来源主要是煤炭燃烧、汽车尾气和光化学污染。
Haze A slight obscuration of the lower atmosphere, typically caused by fine suspended particles.
Haze虽然可以译作烟雾,但它的本意是指空气中的蒸汽、微粒形成的雾气,并不特指污染物。
Smoke A visible suspension of carbon or other particles in air, typically one emitted from a burning substance.
Smoke是指燃烧释放的微粒形成的烟。雾都人民看不见河北省的火焰,而且光污染和汽车尾气也制造了一大批PM2.5。因此唐山人民可以管钢铁厂排出烟叫smoke,帝都魔都的雾霾却应该换一种说法:smog。
Smog Fog or haze intensified by smoke or other atmospheric pollutants.
因为没有现成的单词准确形容雾霾,英国人在20世纪初用smoke和fog合成了一个新单词smog,专指空气污染形成的雾霾。《穹顶之下》里提到的英国1952年污染事件的学名就叫做great smog of ’52。
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