管理人员面临压力危机 何去何从?

If you feel your boss is working late, you're probably right. The average manager is racking up nine weeks of unpaid overtime a year, or 90 minutes a day.

如果觉得自己的老板工作到很晚，那么你的感觉很可能是对的。一般的管理人员一年的工作中有九周是没有薪水的，或者说，每天有一个半小时干了没钱拿。

The extra time away from home is having a profound impact on family life – many bosses don't see their children awake from one week's end to the next.

工作之外的时间如果不陪家人，这对家庭生活影响很大——许多老板一个星期也见不着孩子一次，只能看见他们晚上睡着的模样。

A survey by the Chartered Management Institute of 1,334 junior managers and directors showed one in three would resign – if they could find another job to go to.

特许管理协会对1334名初级管理人员和主管做了份调查，发现三人中有一人想要辞职——如果他们另有去处的话。

More than a third agreed with the statement: "I have too much work to do and feel overloaded."

超过三分之一的人认同：“自己在超负荷工作。”

And although the extra hours are blamed for a rise in health problems, some 43 per cent said there was a "culture" of managers not taking sick leave, probably because they fear for their jobs. Nearly one in five had suffered depression in the past year and 42 per cent suffered stress. Six in ten said they were "constantly tired" but had experienced insomnia in the past three months.

虽然人们指控超时工作是造成日益严重的健康问题的元凶，但大约43%的人认为“管理界的文化之一就是，不请病假，这很可能是因为担心工作。”近乎20%的人在过去一年中感到压抑，42%的人感到压力。60%的人说自己“经常感到疲劳”，在过去的三个月内经历过失眠。

When asked about the impact on their lives, two-thirds of managers who have children "stated that working long hours had a negative effect on their relationship with their children." When they were asked: "If I could find another job, I would leave", a third of managers agreed, or strongly agreed, with this statement.

当问及超时工作对他们生活的影响时，有孩子的管理人员中有三分之二认为“长时间的工作对他们和孩子的关系产生了消极影响。”当被问及：“如果可以另谋出路，会不会离职”，三分之一的管理人员表示会离职，或者说是强烈表示会离职。

The study also revealed the worrying impact from their working life on their physical and mental health when asked about their experiences over the last three months. The results were startling - 61 per cent had experienced "constant tiredness", 60 per cent had experienced insomnia or sleep loss, 47 per cent had experienced "lack of appetite or over-eating" and 45 per cent had "difficulty concentrating".

在被问到在过去的三个月的工作经历时，这项研究也显示了工作生活给生理和心理健康带来焦虑。调查结果令人吃惊——61%的人感到过“经常性疲劳”，60%的人经历过失眠或睡眠减少，47%的人曾经历过“缺少胃口或者过量饮食”，45%的人“注意力难以集中”。

Since 2007 - the year that the credit crunch began - the Chartered Management Institute said presenteeism has "increased markedly", such as coming into work when ill. Presenteeism involves staying at work for no reason, but feeling under pressure to remain at your desk in order to impress the boss and to show your loyalty and commitment to your job.

特许管理协会说，从2007年开始——即信贷紧缩的那年，出勤率“显著增加”，如带病上班。出勤率包括没活干却坚守岗位，只是在压力下继续坐在办公桌前，为了给老板留下好印象，显示忠心和奉献精神。

In 2007, 32 per cent of managers agreed: "There is a culture of people not taking sickness absence even when they are ill." Today the figure has jumped to 43 per cent.

2007年，32%的管理人员认为：“人们形成一种文化，那就是即使生病也不请病假。”今天，这个数据跃升到了43%。

The number of managers suffering from health problems, such as stress, digestive problems, depression, migraines and respiratory complaints, has also risen over the last five years.

遇到压力、消化问题、压抑和呼吸系统疾病等健康问题的管理者人数，在近五年中也上升了。

Professor Cary Cooper, from the Lancaster University Management School, said stress begins to show itself through changes in behaviour. These include finding it difficult to concentrate, losing your sense of humour and losing your temper more quickly than normal. But it then moves into more physical forms, such as tending to over-eat or under-eat as well as smoking or drinking.

来自兰开斯特大学管理学院的卡里·库伯教授说，压力问题已经开始通过行为举止表现出来了。这些行为举止包括：精力难集中、没有幽默感、脾气比平日暴躁。再看看更多表现出来的生理问题，如暴饮暴食、过量吸烟或饮酒。

Short periods of stress are manageable, but it can lead to serious health problems, such as heart disease or stomach and bowel problems, if it persists.

短时的压力还可以控制，但如果长时间经受压力，可能会引起严重的健康问题，如心脏病，胃病和排便问题。

Professor Les Worrall, from the faculty of business at Coventry University, said: "What is more worrying is that there seems to be no sign of economic conditions getting better - we are in for a worrying time if these trends persist into the future."

来自考文垂大学大学商学院的雷斯·沃洛教授说：“更令人焦虑的问题是，似乎没有什么迹象表明经济情况好转——因此我们担心这样的态势会不会持续到将来。”