说到韩国,你会想到什么?是韩剧、韩餐,还是受热捧的韩国化妆品?
近年来,“韩国美妆”(K-beauty)在亚洲乃至全球产生了很大影响。不过值得注意的是,韩国的化妆品产业有明显的“低龄化”、“儿童化”趋向。
不久前,《华盛顿邮报》一则报道,就把焦点对准了韩国的儿童美妆产业。
幼儿园涂口红?韩国的美妆产业如今瞄准了那些还不会读写的人群。
文章开头介绍了一位韩国7岁小朋友的日常:
Last year in kindergarten, Yang Hye-ji developed her morning routine. Uniform? Check. Homework? Check.
在幼儿园的最后一年,杨惠姬开始了她的早上的常规流程。校服?当然了。家庭作业?必须的。
Makeup? Definitely.
化妆?那当然了。
NDTV网站截图
惠姬小朋友说,化妆让她看起来更漂亮了。
"Makeup makes me look pretty," the 7-year-old said on her second visit to the ShuShu & Sassy beauty spa in Seoul. She was wrapped in a child-size pink robe and wearing a bunny hairband. Her lips got a swipe of pink gloss.
“化妆让我看起来很漂亮,”这名7岁的女孩在她第二次去首尔一家美容水疗中心时如是说。她裹着儿童款的粉红色长袍,戴着一个兔子发带。她的嘴唇涂上了一层粉红色的唇膏。
在韩国,像惠姬一样喜欢化妆的小女孩还有很多。
In South Korea, brands like The Face Shop saw cosmetics sales among teenagers aged 13 to 19 double in 2017, while a Korean consumer rights group reported in 2016 that 42.7 per cent of primary-school-aged girls surveyed had used cosmetics before, according to news site Quartz.
在韩国,Face Shop等品牌2017年在13岁至19岁青少年中的化妆品销量翻了一番,而据资讯网站Quartz的数据,韩国一家消费者权益组织在2016年报告称,在接受调查的小学女生中,有42.7%的受访者曾用过化妆品。
而韩国美容产业的低龄化,也充满争议。
《华盛顿邮报》文章称,韩国严格的美容规范和社会苛刻的审美要求给成年女性带来的压力,使韩国成了世界整容中心,而美妆产业也逐渐将目光放到了孩子身上。
Exacting beauty norms also put enormous pressure on South Korean women, making the country one of the world's centers for plastic surgery. And increasingly, the beauty industry is looking at younger and younger girls.
这样的现象,也引发了韩国社会的讨论与担忧:
How much a society should value appearance, whether messages about beauty crowd out other aspirations for young girls, and whether it's right to add even more pressure to an already stress-packed childhood of long school hours and make-or-break exams.
社会应该在多大程度上关注外表?对“美貌”的重视是否会影响年轻女孩对于其他人生目标的追求?特别是,重视外貌是否会给已经压力巨大、学时过长,同时面临繁重考试负担的孩子们增加更大的压力?
不过,对于广告商来说,美妆低龄化似乎并不是什么问题。
一个为6岁孩子卖化妆品包的广告牌是这样表现的:
图片上是一张涂着口红的校服女孩的照片,广告语则是——“我看着妈妈,跟着她。我今天长大了。”(I watch my mom and I follow her. I am growing up today.”)
同样,在YouTube上标题为《我想像妈妈那样化妆》的7岁孩子涂口红视频,竟然吸引了430万的观看量。而类似火爆的视频,还有年轻女孩分享她们的《小学化妆日常》和《如何解开我的凯蒂猫化妆包》。
《我想像妈妈那样化妆》视频截图
对于这一现象,首尔国立大学身体与文化研究所教授尹金佳荣(Yoon Kim Ji-yeong)分析称:
"The shiny cartoon heroines young girls admire are fully made up from head to toe. ...As they put on the makeup and put on the dress to imitate the characters, girls internalize that a woman’s success is closely associated with beauty.”
“年轻女孩崇拜的闪亮卡通女主角完全是从头打扮到脚的,当她们模仿人物化妆、穿衣的时候,女孩们会认为女人的成功与美丽息息相关。”
事实上,化妆的低龄化并非韩国独有的趋势。比如美国“网红”凯莉·詹纳(Kylie Jenner)就创建了一个化妆品帝国,目标人群就是广大少女。
但是,韩国“美妆低龄化”尤其令人担忧的一点是,这些孩子实在太小了,她们几乎看不懂什么包装内的美容产品是专门为她们设计的。
作为世界上最大的美容产业之一,根据市场研究公司Mintel的数据,韩国美容产业价值超过100亿美元。从某种意义上说,美妆低龄化使商家寻找到了新的商机。
韩国国立大学尹金教授对于商业竞争可能带来的不良后果,如是说:
From K-pop divas to K-beauty cosmetics, the market capitalizing on women's objectification has become a hyper-saturated 'red ocean' in South Korea. The market sees a 'blue ocean' for expansion in younger customers, ready to instigate and monetize their insecurities about their appearance.
从韩流音乐天后到韩流美妆,利用女性对象化的市场已经成为韩国一个过度饱和的“红海”。市场看到了向年轻客户扩张的“蓝海”,随时准备煽动和货币化她们对外表的不安全感。
对于美妆低龄化,你怎么看?你觉得多大年纪可以开始化妆?
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