H7N9 outbreak linked to waterfowl migration

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The ongoing outbreak of H7N9 infections in humans is linked to the migration of wild birds, research shows.

He Hongxuan, a principal investigator at the Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, confirmed the connection, saying it is linked to the migration of wild waterfowl.

"The first outbreak of H7N9 happened in the Yangtze River Delta area in March, and later in April, cases of infection were reported in northern provinces. The infection time and route coincided with the migration of water birds," he said.

In early April, scientists at He's laboratory visited Shanghai and Zhejiang province to take virus samples from wild birds, and they found that the regions hit by the virus matched the migratory route of birds from East Asia to Australia.

The laboratory monitored 16 human cases of H7N9 and found that 15 happened within the migratory route of waterfowl, he said. "The human infection rate of H7N9 on the migratory route of wild birds was significantly higher than in the peripheral regions."

Previous research of influenza A viruses supports the finding. In 2009, scientists tracking waterfowl by satellite discovered a migratory connection between H5N1 outbreak areas in China and Mongolia and published the finding in the International Journal of Avian Science.

"Wild waterfowl are natural hosts of the influenza A virus," He said. "The current influenza A viruses have all been found in birds before."

The ornithologist said the H7N9 virus was first found in turkeys in the US state of Minnesota in 1988 and was later found in turnstones, mallards, wild ducks and geese.

"But H7N9 is a new strain of virus that finished mutation and evolution before the epidemic appeared," he said. "Although the last finding of the virus in birds was in South Korea, there are no grounds to simply say the disease came from that country."

Now, as birds are migrating north, He and his colleagues at the academy are busy monitoring sentinel birds.

As it is rare for the virus to be directly transmitted from birds to humans, He said, there is no need to panic about culling birds.

Questions:

1. What has been linked to the outbreak of H7N9 infections?

2. Where did the first outbreak happen?

3. How did scientists make the connection to waterfowl?

Answers:

1. The migration of wild waterfowl.

2. In the Yangtze River Delta area.

3. The infection time and route coincided with the migration of water birds.

About the broadcaster:

Nelly Min is an editor at China Daily with more than 10 years of experience as a newspaper editor and photographer. She has worked at major newspapers in the U.S., including the Los Angeles Times and the Detroit Free Press. She is also fluent in Korean.