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2017届高考英语二轮复习精品课件(大纲版)第1模块 单项填空 专题11 特殊句式

发布时间:2017-04-21  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  【解析】 A 考查强调句型。判断规则:若把it was和that去掉,并适当调整句子结构,句子仍然成立,则属于强调句型;否则,不属于强调句型。例如:it was in the street 和 that I met one of my old friends.根据判断原则应该变为:I met one of my old friends in the street.句子成立,所以属于强调句型。此处原句如下:While she was standing and waiting for a bus she caught sight of the former President Clinton.译文:站着等公交车时,她看到了前总统克林顿。

  ()11.— You should have thanked the hostess before leaving.— I meant ________. But I couldn't find her when I was leaving.

  A.to do

  B.to

  C.doing

  D.doing so

  【解析】 B 考查动词不定式的省略。题中mean

  to 表示“本打算要做某事”。动词不定式的省略直接在动词后保留动词不定式符号to即可,故选B。

  ()12.________ can you expect to get a pay rise. A.With hard work

  B.Although work hard

  C.Only with hard work

  D.Now that he works hard

  【解析】 C 考查倒装句。从倒装的主谓结构“can you expect”就能选出C。only在句首修饰状语的时候要倒装。

  ()13.________ it with me and I'll see what I can do.

  A.When left

  B.Leaving

  C.If you leave

  D.Leave

  【解析】 D 考查“祈使句+and+陈述句”。题中前半句为祈使句,故应用动词原形开头,所以选D。

  ()14.He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until ________ to.

  A.

  spoken

  B.speaking

  C.to speak

  D.spoke

  【解析】 A 考查句子的省略。根据情景译文如下:他是一个寡言少语的人,他很少跟别人讲话,除非别人跟他说话。他是被动说话,所以用被动语态。从句主语与主句主语都是He,选项中只有A项动词的过去分词表“被动”概念,故A为正确答案。

  ()15.________ she is not so healthy ________ she used to be?

  A.Why is it that; what

  B.Why it is that; as

  C.Why is it that; as

  D.Why it is that; who

  【解析】 C 考查强调句型。在强调句型使用特殊疑问句结构时,应该遵循以下格式:疑问结构是:特殊疑问词

  + is / was +

  it +

  that…?故选择C项。

  专题十一 特殊句式

  特殊句式主要指:省略、倒装、强调、祈使、反意疑问句和主谓一致。其中高考考查的重点是省略、倒装和强调结构。其主要考点依次是:

  1. 省略句

  (1)在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中,当从句的主语跟主句的主语一致时,从句的主语可以省略,同时将从句的谓语动词变为分词形式。

  专题导读

  (2)在时间、地点、条件、让步等状语从句中,当从句的主语跟主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it,谓语是be动词时,从句的主语、谓语可以省略。如:When/Where/If necessary…

  (3)当句子的谓语部分省略时,若只用代词代替句子,则需用代词的宾格形式。

  (4)当省略不定式的内容时,须保留to。

  (5)注意not,so,neither的“替代性”省略。

  2. 感叹句、祈使句和反意疑问句

  (1)what与how引导的感叹句作为宾语从句出现在试题中,其难点有两方面:一是复数名词或不可数名词前面用what还是how;二是感叹句的语序。

  (2)祈使句的主要考点:根据句式特点判断是祈使分句还是状语成分;祈使句+and/or+结果分句。

  (3)反意疑问句主要考查主从复合句和并列句后面的反意疑问句。

  3.倒装句

  (1)以then, now, thus, here, there, out, in, up, down, away开头,谓语动词多为go, come, follow, begin, end, be等, 主语又是名词或名词词组,则用全部倒装。若主语是代词,则不能倒装。

  (2)当地点类介词短语位于句首,且后有不及物动词be, come, sit, live, stand, lie, exist等,主语又是名词或名词词组时,常用全部倒装。若主语是代词,则不能倒装。

  (3)so/such…that句型中, so/such位于句首时, so/such后的主句倒装, that从句不倒装。

  (4)在以never, seldom, not only, rarely, scarcely, in no way等否定或半否定词开头的句中用部分倒装。

  (5)only置于句首修饰状语(副词、介词短语)或状语从句等时用部分倒装。

  (6)在hardly…when, no sooner…than, not until句型以及as引导的让步状语中的倒装。

  (7)在省略了if的虚拟条件句中, were, had或should置于句首的倒装。

  (8)让步状语从句连词though, as引起的形式倒装。

  (9)让步状语从句连词however (no matter how)+adj./adv.引起的形式倒装。

  4. 强调句型

  (1)强调句型的疑问句形式。

  (2)not until… 的强调结构。

  5. 主谓一致

  主谓一致主要以单项填空的形式来测试语法一致的原则,意义一致的原则,就近一致的原则,同时还涉及动词时态、语态和修饰等。高考试题一般不会单独考查主谓一致,而是借助于时态、语态及句式(如倒装句)等间接考查。

  2017年高考将注重考查各知识点之间的交叉现象,加大了综合考查语法知识的力度,在考查强调句的同时考查定语从句,把省略句以及强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合到一起,考查学生综合把握语法知识的能力。

  ()1.[2011·全国卷Ⅱ] Jane won't join us for dinner tonight and________.

  A.neither won‘t Tom B.Tom won't either

  C.Tom will too

  D.so will Tom

  【解析】 B 本题考查否定结构。根据前面的“简今晚不来吃晚饭了”,可知是一个否定结构,所以后面的句式也应该是否定形式。因此选B。neither won't Tom是双重否定,表示肯定的含义。Tom will too, so will Tom都是表示肯定的句式。

  真题典例

  ()2.[2011·福建卷] —It's nice. Never before______ such a special drink! —I'm glad you like it.

  A. I have had  

  B. I had

  C. have I had

  D. had I

  【解析】 C 本题考查倒装句。never位于句首,该句应用倒装结构,又由语境可知该句应使用现在完成时。

  ()3.[2011·湖南卷] Only after

  they had discussed the matter for several hours________ a decision.

  A.they reached

  B.did they

  reach

  C.they reach

  D.do

  they reach

  【解析】 B 本题考查倒装句。句中Only修饰时间状语从句“after

  they had discussed the matter for several hours”。“Only+状语从句”置于句首,主句应该用部分倒装结构,故排除A、C两项。再结合状语从句中的过去完成时可判断该空应该用一般过去时,故选B。

  ()4.[2011·湖南卷] It's not what we do once in a while ________ shapes our lives, but what we do consistently.

  A.which

  B.that

  C.how

  D.when

  【解析】 B 本题考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知,题干为强调句型,被强调部分为what引导的主语从句。句意为:并非我们偶尔为之的事情塑造我们的生活,而是我们一贯之行造就我们的生活。

  ()5.[2011·江苏卷] It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine.________, we'd better take it to the garage immediately.

  A. Otherwise

  B. If not

  C. But for that

  D. If so

  【解析】 D 考查省略句的用法。A项意为“否则”;B项意为“如果不”;C项意为“要不是那个”;D项意为“如果这样的话”。根据句意“听上去车的引擎出故障了。要是这样的话,我们最好立刻把它送往修理厂。”可知选项D合适。

  ()6.[2011·辽宁卷] Bring the flowers into a warm room ________they'll soon open.

  A. or

  B. and

  C. but

  D. for

  【解析】 B 本题考查特殊句式。祈使句 + and/ or + 简单句,相当于“if …/ if not…, 主句”,根据语境“(如果)把这些花带到温暖的房间,它们会很快开放的”,因此选择连词and合适。

  ()7.[2011·辽宁卷] ________ a strange plant! I've never seen it before.

  A. Which

  B. What

  C. How

  D. Whether

  【解析】 B 本题考查感叹句的用法。根据句意“多么奇怪的植物!”,句中被感叹的词plant是名词,因此用what。

  ()8.[2011·全国卷Ⅰ] Only when he reached the tea­house ________ it was the same place he'd been in last year.

  A.he realized

  B.he did realize

  C.realized he

  D.did he realize

  【解析】 D 本题考查倒装结构。only位于句首,且修饰状语,句子运用部分倒装。

  ()9.[2011·湖南卷] One­ third of the

  country

  ________ covered

  with

  trees

  and the majority of the citizens________ black people.

  A.is; are

  B.is; is

  C.are; are

  D.are; is

  【解析】 A 本题考查主谓一致。“分数/the majority +of + the + 名词”作主语,句子的谓语动词的数与of后的名词保持一致。故根据the country可判断第一空填is;根据the citizens可判断第二空填are。

  ()10.[2011·陕西卷]

  It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do________ benefits our work most.

  A. who

  B. which

  C. that

  D. what

  【解析】 C 考查强调句型。所填词与it is构成强调句型,被强调部分是not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do,指物,用that,选C。其余选项与题意不符。

  ()11.[2011·四川卷] Was it on a lonely island ________ he was saved one month after the boat went down?

  A.where

  B.that

  C.which

  D.what

  【解析】 B 本题考查强调句。此处强调的是句子的地点状语on a lonely island,是强调句的一般疑问句句型:Was it + 被强调部分+ that +句子?句意:“他是不是在小船沉没一个月后在一个孤岛上被营救的?”

  ()12.[2011·重庆卷] —Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree? —Of course, I have. It was in our village ________it was made.

  A.that

  B.where

  C.when

  D.which

  【解析】 A 考查强调句型。套用强调句型“It is/was … that …”可知A项正确,此处强调的是地点状语in our village。

  ()13.[2011·安徽卷] The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which________

  saved for other purposes.

  A. is

  B. are

  C. was

  D. were

  【解析】 D 考查主谓一致。句意为:工厂用了65%的原材料,剩下的原材料被节省下来作其他用途。定语从句的主语为the rest of which,即the rest of the raw materials,可知从句的谓语应为复数,同时注意主从句时态的一致,故选D。

  ()1.________, Franks never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

  A.As hard he tries

  B.Try hard as he might

  C.As hard as he tries

  D.Try as hard as he might 【解析】 B 考查倒装句。语意:尽管 Franks 尽力地去尝试,但他似乎永远不能把工作做得很让人满意。as 表示“尽管”,用来引导让步状语从句时,可用“动词+(副词)+ as+主语+助动词”的特殊倒装形式。

  新题预测

  ()2.Wasn't

  it until Michael ran into me

  ________ he recognized I was once his partner?

  A.then

  B.when

  C.which

  D.that

  【解析】 D 考查强调句型。本句是含有not…until…结构的强调句型的一般疑问句,高考试题往往避开考生熟悉的陈述句而采用疑问句来增加难度。

  ()3.Little ________ about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.

  A.did Rose care

  B.Rose did care

  C.Rose does care

  D.does Rose care

  【解析】 A 考查倒装句。考生容易误选B项,原因是忽略了否定词位于句首要用倒装的用法。little是具有否定意义的词,位于句首时句子用部分倒装句。

  ()4.I've tried very hard to improve my English, but by no means ________with my progress.

  A.the teacher is not satisfied

  B.is the teacher not satisfied

  C.the teacher is satisfied

  D.is the teacher satisfied

  【解析】 D 考查倒装句。考生容易误选C项,原因是忽视了含有否定意义的短语位于句首要用倒装的用法。表示否定意义的短语by no means位于句子的开头,句子应该用部分倒装。

  ()5.—________ you got the news that the rocket was sent up successfully?

  —From the radio.

  A.How was it that

  B.How it was that

  C.What was it that

  D.What it was that

  【解析】 A 考查强调句型。根据答语 “From the radio.”可知应用表示方式的疑问词 how;该句是强调句的特殊疑问句式,语序应为特殊疑问词+is/was it that+其他成分,故选A。

  ()6.—What's all that noise?

  —Just in front of the bus ________ an injured man, all covered with blood.

  A.where lies

  B.lies

  C.does lie

  D.lying is

  【解析】 B 考查倒装句。当介词短语置于句首且主语为名词时,句子要使用全部倒装语序,本题中谓语动词 lies 直接提前。

  ()7.For a moment nothing happened, and then ________ all shouting together.

  A.voices had come

  B.came voices

  C.voices would come

  D.did voices come

  【解析】 B 考查倒装句。句意:有一会儿什么都没有发生,然后传来了众人齐喊的声音。以 then 引起的句子中,谓语动词常为 be, come, go等,且主语为名词,句子要用完全倒装,故选B项。

  ()8.________it rain tomorrow, we would have to cancel the football match.

  A.Were

  B.Would

  C.Will

  D.Should

  【解析】 D 考查虚拟语气和倒装。句意:如果明天下雨,我们将不得不取消足球比赛。前半句是对将来情况的虚拟,应用虚拟语气,正常语序是“If it should rain tomorrow”,省略if后,要将should提到主语之前,引起倒装。

  ()9.When people cut down big trees, new trees should be planted. ________ they will have no trees to cut down in the future.

  A.If not

  B.If so

  C.If no so

  D.If don't

  【解析】 A 考查句子的省略。句意:当人们砍倒大树时,应该种植新树,不然的话,他们以后就没有树木可砍了。if not意为“如果不,不然”;if so意为“如果这样的话”。

  ()10.________ she was standing and waiting for a bus that she caught sight of the former President Clinton.

  A. It was while

  B.As soon as

  C.While

  D.During the time when

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