湖南省邵东县2016届英语一轮单项选择和阅读理解精炼（11）

　　湖南省邵东县2016高考英语单项选择和阅读理解精炼（12）

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Sometimes, the simplest ideas are the best. For example, to absorb heat from the sun to heat water, you need large, flat, black surfaces. One way to do that is to build those surfaces specially, on the roofs of buildings. But why go to all that trouble when cities are full of black surfaces already, in the form of asphalt(柏油) roads?

　　Ten years ago, this thought came into the mind of Arian de Bondt, a Dutch engineer. He finally persuaded his boss to follow it up. The result is that their building is now heated in winter and cooled in summer by a system that relies on the surface of the road outside.

　　The heat-collector is a system of connected water pipes. Most of them run from one side of the street to the other, just under the asphalt road. Some, however, dive deep into the ground.

　　When the street surface gets hot in summer, water pumped through the pipes picks up this heat and takes it underground through one of the diving pipes. At a depth of 100 metres lies a natural aquifer(蓄水层) into which several heat exchangers(交换器) have been built. The hot water from the street runs through these exchangers, warming the ground-water, before returning to the surface through another pipe. The aquifer is thus used as a heat store.

　　In winter, the working system is changed slightly. Water is pumped through the heat exchangers to pick up the heat stored during summer. This water goes into the building and is used to warm the place up. After performing that task, it is pumped under the asphalt and its remaining heat keeps the road free of snow and ice.

　　1. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?

　　A. Arian de Bondt got his idea from his boss.

　　B. Large, flat, black surfaces need to be built in cities.

　　C. The Dutch engineer’s system has been widely used.

　　D. Heat can also be collected from asphalt roads.

　　2. For what purpose are the diving pipes used?

　　A. To absorb heat from the sun.

　　B. To store heat for future use.

　　C. To turn solar energy into heat energy.

　　D. To carry heat down below the surface.

　　3. From the last paragraph we can learn that　.　

　　A. some pipes have to be re-arranged in winter

　　B. the system can do more than warming up the building

　　C. the exchangers will pick up heat from the street surface

　　D. less heat may be collected in winter than in summer

　　4. What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?

　　A. What we shall do if the system goes wrong.

　　B. What we shall do if there are no asphalt roads.

　　C. How the system cools the building in summer.

　　D. How the system collects heat in spring and autumn.

　　【参考答案】1-4 DDBC　

　　阅读理解, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

　　Without proper planning, tourism can cause problems. For example, too many tourists can crowd public places that are also enjoyed by the inhabitants of a country. If tourists create too much traffic, the inhabitants become annoyed and unhappy. They begin to dislike tourists and to treat them impolitely. They forget how much tourism can help the country's economy. It is important to think about the people of a destination country and how tourism affects them. Tourism should help a country, keep the customs and beauty that attract tourists. Tourism should also advance the wealth and happiness of local inhabitants.

　　Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism grows too quickly, people must leave other jobs to work in the tourism industry. This means that other parts of the country's economy can suffer.

　　On the other hand, if there is not enough tourism, people can lose jobs. Businesses can also lose money. It costs a great deal of money to build large hotels, airports, air terminals, first­class roads, and other support facilities(配套设施)needed by tourist attractions. For example, a major international class tourism hotel can cost as much as 50 thousand dollars per room to build. If this room is not used most of the time, the owners of the hotel lose money.

　　Building a hotel is just a beginning. There must be many support facilities as well, including roads to get to the hotel, electricity, sewers to handle waste, and water. All of these support facilities cost money. If they are not used because there are not enough tourists, jobs and money are lost.

　　1．Which of the following do you think has been discussed in the part before this selection?

　　A．It is extremely important to develop tourism.

　　B．Building roads and hotels is essential.

　　C．Support facilities are highly necessary.

　　D．Planning is of great importance to tourism.

　　答案：D　本文一开始便讲如果没有适当的计划，旅游业会带来的各种问题，可见前文叙述适当计划的好处，以正反两方面来阐述。

　　2．The underlined word“inhabitants” (in Paragraph 1 ) probably means________.

　　A．tourists B．passengers

　　C．population D．citizens

　　答案：D　文中提到太多游客来该国inhabitants喜欢的地方，可见它指本国本土的居民。

　　3．Too much tourism can cause all these problems EXCEPT ________.

　　A．a bad effect on other industries

　　B．a change of tourists' customs

　　C．over­crowd of places of interest

　　D．pressure on traffic

　　答案：B　本文提到旅游业过于兴旺会带来的各种后果中提到了A、C、D，但没有说会改变游客的风俗习惯。

　　4．It can be inferred from the text that________.

　　A．the author doesn't like tourism developing so fast

　　B．local people will benefit from tourist attraction

　　C．other parts of a country's economy won't benefit from tourism much

　　D．we can't build too many support facilities

　　答案：B　从文中的讲述可以推知，旅游业会使当地人获益。

　　A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　As the new semester begins, millions of college students across the country are trying hard to remember how best to write a paper or, more likely, how best to delay that paper.

　　Procrastination is the thief of time and a lot of students suffer from it. They can spend whole days in the library doing nothing but staring into space, eating snacks, surfing the Internet, watching videos and looking at other students sitting around them, who, most likely, are doing nothing either.

　　Paralyzed by their habit to procrastinate, they write micro blogs about their fears, asking their online friends if they sometimes have the same issue. But this does nothing to break the spell(魔咒).

　　According to a recent report, 95 percent of us procrastinate at some point and 20 percent of the world’s population are always procrastinating. The figures are disappointing. Procrastinators are less wealthy, less healthy and less happy than those who don’t delay. Procrastinators like to find excuses " to justify their behavior, but BBC columnist Rowan Pelling says they are all wrong.

　　Many procrastinators tell themselves they are perfectionists who work best under pressure. Pelling says this is nonsense, as work done at the last minute is more likely to have mistakes than work done on time. The behavior of procrastinators often makes them feel ashamed, inconveniences others and annoys loved ones.

　　Pelling also points out that procrastination feels particularly delinquent(过失的）in a society that thinks of swift action as admirable, and, at times, even as a moral good.

　　Fortunately, social scientists have thrown their weight behind efforts to understand this behavioral mistake and offer strategies to control it. Piers Steel, a Canadian social scientist and author of The Procrastination Equation, believes human is “designed” to procrastinate. Nevertheless, he suggests a couple of good ways to get through the task at hand.

　　41.From the first two paragraphs we can learn that _____.

　　A. procrastination is beneficial to many students

　　B. many students are under great pressure in their study

　　C. lots of college students are working hard to write good articles on time

　　D. many students are getting into the habit of delaying finishing their tasks

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】Procrastination is the thief of time and a lot of students suffer from it.可知许多学生都有拖延完成任务的时间的习惯，故选D。

　　42. According to the passage, procrastination probably refers to _____.

　　A. a bad habit B. a serious illness C. a difficult task D. a form of entertainment

　　【答案】【解析】Procrastination is the thief of time and a lot of students suffer from it.Paralyzed by their habit to procrastinate,可知拖延是一种坏的习惯，故选A。

　　43. Which of the following statements is WRONG?

　　A. Procrastination makes people waste their time.

　　B. Procrastinators usually complete their tasks perfectly.

　　C. Swift action is considered as a moral standard in the society.

　　D. Procrastination is common among people.

　　【答案】【解析】Many procrastinators tell themselves they are perfectionists who work best under pressure. Pelling says this is nonsense, as work done at the last minute is more likely to have mistakes than work done on time.拖延时间完成作业有可能因为时间紧，会出现更多的错误，选项B叙述的是拖延时间有可能完成 工作更好，这与原文不符，故选B。

　　44. Which behavior belongs to procrastination?

　　A. Never dream away the time.

　　B. Always complete the tasks ahead of time.

　　C. Never put off till tomorrow what should be done today.

　　D. Always wait to work until the “good mood” or “good time”.

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】Procrastination is the thief of time拖延时间就是开始有任务时不做，等到自己感觉有好心情了，有好时机了在做，故选D。

　　45. What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?

　　A. Measures to deal with procrastination.

　　B. Approaches to handling the study pressures.

　　C. More examples to illustrate procrastination.

　　D. Introduction to the book The Procrastination Equation.

　　【答案】【解析】Nevertheless, he suggests a couple of good ways to get through the task at hand.既然存在拖延时间的坏习惯，那么就应该采取措施处理这种坏习惯，故选A。

　　2017高考英语（附解析答案）

　　Ⅰ.单项填空

　　1．He's perfectly________to live in the mountain and paint pictures all day，though he is badly off.

　　A．curious

　　B．proud

　　C．anxious

　　D．content

　　解析　考查形容词词义辨析。curious好奇的；proud骄傲的；anxious焦急的；content满足的。句意：尽管他清贫，但对于能够住在大山里面整天作画，他感到非常满足。

　　答案　D

　　2. The________look on his face showed that he hadn't expected it.

　　A．astonished

　　B．astonishing

　　C．being astonished

　　D．having astonished

　　解析　考查形容词作定语。astonished look(因看到、听到或知道某事而)感到震惊的表情；astonishing look(表情本身)令人吃惊的表情。句意：他脸上吃惊的表情说明他是始料未及的。可知应选A项。

　　答案　A

　　3．He was robbed last night, but________he didn't have much on him then.

　　A．fortunately

　　B．eventually

　　C．certainly

　　D．surprisingly

　　解析　fortunately幸运地；eventually最终；certainly当然；surprisingly吃惊地。句意：昨晚他被抢了，但幸运的是当时他没带多少钱。

　　答案　A

　　4．—Jane, Peter has got a well­paid job in a foreign company.

　　—You mean he is________than he used to be.

　　A．badly off

　　B．well off

　　C．worse off

　　D．better off

　　解析　由句意“……你的意思是他比以前有所好转了”可知应选better off than...比……富有；worse off than...比……更差。

　　答案　D

　　5．We were astonished______the temple still in its original condition.

　　A．findingB．to find

　　C．find

　　D．to be found

　　解析 考查含不定式的固定句式的用法。掌握“主语＋adj.＋to do sth.”这一句式是解题的关键。难度较低。句意：我们惊讶地发现那座寺庙还是原来那个状况。“主语＋adj.＋to do sth.”为固定句式，不定式在句中作原因状语，该句式中的不定式通常用其主动形式。

　　答案 B

　　6．Don't give up! If you work hard, you will________ this problem.

　　A．defeat

　　B．respond

　　C．inspect

　　D．overcome

　　解析　考查动词词义辨析。defeat打败；击败；respond回应；答复；inspect视察；检察；overcome克服(困难)。句意：不要放弃，只要你努力，你会克服这一问题的。

　　答案　D

　　7．With the good care taken by doctors and nurses, many patients are beginning to________.

　　A．pick out

　　B．turn up

　　C．turn out

　　D．pick up

　　解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意：因为有医生和护士们的精心照料，很多病人都处于康复当中。可知应选D项。

　　答案　D

　　8．It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly ______my friend.

　　A．turn out

　　B．bring out

　　C．call out

　　D．pick out

　　解析 句意：电影院里是那么黑以至于我几乎辨认不出我的朋友。turn out—appear 出现，露面；bring out—cause sth.to appear；publish sth.使显出，出版；call out—shout，cry大声叫喊，大声说出；pick out—distinguish sb./sth.from surrounding people or things分辨出某人(某物)。从句意判断，答案应为pick out。

　　答案 D9．If there's a lot of work________，I'm happy to just keep on until it is finished.

　　A．to do

　　B．to be doing

　　C．done

　　D．doing

　　解析　句意：如果还有一些工作要做，我乐意坚持做完。不定式to do表示将要做的事情，故选A。

　　答案　A

　　10．Dogs have a very good ______of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.

　　A．sense

　　B．view

　　C．means

　　D．idea

　　解析 句意：狗有很好的嗅觉，常常用于搜寻地震中的幸存者。sense感官，感觉，如：a sense of smell/hearing/taste/touch嗅/听/味/触觉。view观点，看法；means方法；idea主意，想法。

　　答案 A

　　11．The teacher stressed again that the students should not________any important details while retelling the story.

　　A．bring out

　　B．let out

　　C．leave out

　　D．make out

　　解析　bring out带来，赚钱；let out发出(叫声)，放出；leave out忽略，遗漏，省略；make out书写，辨认出。句意：老师又一次强调学生们在复述故事时不应当忽略重要的细节。

　　答案　C

　　12．Scientists are convinced ______ the positive effect of laughter ______ physical and mental health.

　　A．of；at　

　　B．by；in

　　C．of；on　 D．on；at

　　解析 句意：科学家们相信大笑对身心健康有积极作用。convince sb.of sth.有“使某人相信某事”之意，其被动语态形式be convinced of常表示“确信；承认”，故本题第一个考点答案应为of。第二个考点则涉及名词effect影响；效果，与介词的搭配，当表示“对……产生影响”时，应使用介词on或upon，所以综合两个考点C项正确。

　　答案 C

　　13．He was in hospital for six months.He felt as if he was________from the outside world.

　　A．cut out

　　B．out off

　　C．cut up

　　D．cut through

　　解析　考查cut相关短语的用法。cut out删掉；cut off隔离；cut up切碎；cut through刺穿。根据句意用cut off。

　　答案　B

　　14．Now that she has apologized for her rude behavior，I am________.

　　A．content

　　B．bored

　　C．astonished

　　D．fortunate

　　解析　句意：既然她已经为她的粗鲁行为道了歉，我也就满意了。content满足的，满意的，符合句意。bored厌烦的，厌倦的；astonished惊讶的；fortunate幸运的，吉祥的。

　　答案　A

　　15．Mrs.Brown is so________about her housework that few servants want to work for her.

　　A．particular

　　B．neat

　　C．skillful

　　D．special

　　解析　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：布朗夫人对家务如此挑剔，几乎没有佣人想为她工作。be particular about表示“对……挑剔”。

　　答案　A