英语—《Unit 1Using language》—孙红莉

　　We all know something about Copernicus. He was one of the first scientists to use mathematical observations to collect information. He believed the sun is the center of the universe and the earth and other planets goes around it.

　　3. Copernicus didn’t show his new theory

　　to his friends until he completed it.

　　4. His friends were not interested in his

　　ideas. * Preview

　　Exx 1 &2 in Handout

　　No 7 Nicolaus Copernicus Copernicus' Revolutionary Theory Nicolaus Copernicus

　　born: in Poland in 1473

　　died : May 24, 1543

　　He was one of the first scientists to use mathematical observations to collect information. He believed the sun is the center of the universe and the earth and other planets goes around it. 全部参与，讨论高效，每个同学都能谈出符合自己目前水平的看法。 目标 1.小组讨论，小组长首先安排任务先一对一分层

　　讨论，再小组内集中讨论。 2.讨论时，笔不离手、随时记录，争取在讨论时就能将错题解决。 3. 在课文中画出与true or false 题相关的句子。 要求 认真阅读课文，探讨“探究案”中的I,II题。 内容

　　At Copernicus’ time, Christian Church

　　was in charge of many western

　　countries. T Read the passage quickly, and tell whether the following statements are true or false. T F 2. Copernicus noticed that observed from the earth, some planets appears in front of or behind the earth. F 5. Since he was not afraid of being attacked by the Church, Copernicus published his book as soon as he finished working on it.

　　6. Newton, Einstein, and Hawking are all scientists who made contribution to the study of the universe.

　　F T Skim the text and draw the two theories of the universe with the following pictures. Sun earth Before Copernicus’ theory

　　Showing Copernicus’ theory Reading and drawing Sun earth Before Copernicus’ theory

　　Showing Copernicus’ theory Sun earth earth Sun

　　Showing Copernicus’ theory

　　A diagram showing the solar system with the earth at its centre

　　A diagram showing the solar system with the sun at its centre

　　Before Copernicus’ theory

　　Read the text carefully, then answer these questions. Careful reading Because the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea 2. What was his theory about? (Para 1)

　　All his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 1. Why could he not tell about his theory? (Para 1) 3. What had the astronomers noticed in the sky? (Para 2)

　　They had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. 4. When did Copernicus complete his theory?

　　(Para 3) Between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it,

　　gradually improving his theory until he felt it

　　was complete.

　　5. How did he explain changes in the movement of the

　　planets and in the brightness of the stars? When did he

　　publish his idea? (Para 4)

　　He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round it

　　and this explain changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars.

　　He published his idea as he lay dying in 1543.

　　6. Why do people think that there is a direct link between his ideas and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking?

　　Because his theory is now the base on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe, He showed this was obviously wrong. 单词： 1. contribute vt. 1. Everyone is willing to contribute food and clothing

　　to the homeless people. 2. Plenty of fresh air contributes to good health. [点拨]contribute v.____________________，如句1； contribute to_______________

　　如句2 。 [拓展] contribution n. 贡献； 捐款 make a contribution/contributions to对……作出贡献 They have made outstanding contributions

　　to the world peace. 捐献 有助于，归于 2. cautious

　　adj.　小心的；谨慎的 常用结构：be cautious about/of (doing) sth.对……小心谨慎 His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas，but Copernicus was cautious. [小试] 完成句子 她十分谨慎，生怕伤害他的感情。

　　She ______ _______ ________ ________

　　hurting his feelings. is

　　very

　　cautious

　　about 3. enthusiastic

　　adj.　热情的；热心的 常用结构：

　　be enthusiastic about/over... 对……热情/热心

　　She is enthusiastic about singing.

　　4. reject

　　vt. [观察] 1. She rejected my suggestion. 2. Choose the good apples and reject the bad ones. [点拨] reject v____________，如句1；

　　__________________， 如句2。 拒绝 抛弃 1. apart from

　　阅读下列各句，并观察apart from在句中的含义。 1. Good work, apart from a few slight faults. 2. Apart from that, all goes well. 3. Apart from a flat tyre, we had faulty brakes. 4. Apart from being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill. [点拨] apart from表示“排除或例外”，具有except, except for的含义，如句____；表示“包括”，相当于besides, in addition to, as well as，如句______。 1,2 3,4 [小试] 把下列句子翻译成英语。 1. 除了最后一道题，我全做完了。

　　2. 除了阅读之外，她还喜爱运动和音乐。_ I have finished apart from the last one. Apart from reading, she also loves

　　exercise and music. 2. make sense　讲得通；有意义 (主语通常不是表示“人”的名词) Only if you put the sun there did the

　　movements of the other planets in the sky

　　make sense.(教材P7) 常用结构： (1)make sense of意为：______________ Can you make sense of what the writer is saying? (2)There’s no sense in doing sth.

　　意为：__________________ (3) in a sense

　　意为：__________________ You are right in a sense，but you don’t know all the facts.

　　理解 干......没意义 从某个角度，在某种意义上 句子： 1. Only if you put the sun there

　　did the movements of the other planets

　　in the sky make sense. [点拨] 这是一个倒装句，only＋状语或状语 从句放于句首要使用部分倒装，即把助 动词、情态动词或系动词be放在主语之前。 Only by working hard can we succeed.

　　[辨析] only if，if only (1)only if表示“只有”，引导条件状语从句， 放在句首、句末均可。 (2)if only表示“如果……就好了”， 引导虚拟条件句。 You will pass the exam

　　only if you study hard.

　　If only I were younger！ [小试] __you eat the correct foods_____ be able to keep fit and stay healthy. A．Only if；will you

　　B．Only if；you will

　　C．Unless；will you

　　D．Unless；you will A 2. Although he had tried to ignore them,

　　all his mathematical calculations led to

　　the same conclusion: that the earth was not

　　the center of the solar system.

　　[翻译] ____________________ [点拨] 此句是一个复合句。主句是 all his mathematical calculations led to the same

　　conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system；从句是Although引导的 让步状语从句。此外，主句中又包含一个that引导的 同位语从句，说明conclusion的内容。

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