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2017届高考英语一轮复习教案:4.4《Body language》(人教版必修4)

发布时间:2017-04-10  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  Unit 4 Body language

  教 材 面 面 观

  单词拓展

  1.________n.陈述;说明 ________vt.陈述

  2.________n.飞行;航班 ________vi.飞;放飞

  3.________n.社团;联系 ________vt.联系

  4.________n.功能;作用 ________adj.功能的

  5.________n.怒火 ________adj.气愤的

  ________adv.愤怒地

  6.________vt.代表 ________n.代表(人)

  7.________vt. & vi.靠近;接近n.方法;途径

  8.________vi.误解 ________n.误解 ________vt.理解

  9.________vt.保卫;保护 ________n.防御

  10.________vi.减轻

  11.________adj.好奇的 ________adv.好奇地

  ________n.好奇

  12.________adj.主要的 ________n.多数

  13.________adj.主观的 ________n.主语

  14.________adj.面部的 ________n.面部;脸

  ________vt.面对

  15.________adv.真实地 ________adj.真的

  ________n.真理短语回顾1.be curious________对……感到好奇的

  2.defend________

  保卫……以免受

  3.________to sb.for sth.

  因某事而向某人道歉

  4.put________

  举起,建立

  5.________the contrary

  相反地

  6.be________to do sth.

  有可能……

  7.________general

  总的来说,通常

  8.________hands with sb.

  同某人握手

  9.________up

  出现,向前

  10.in the________

  在远处,在远方

  11.________if

  好像

  12.be________to do sth.

  准备做某事

  13.________ease

  舒适地

  14.________face

  丢脸

  15.________one's back to

  背对,背弃句型背诵1.________ ________ ________greet each other the same way,________are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.

  各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式各不相同,身体接触和相互间距离的程度也并不一样。

  2.However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and ________ ________ ________ ________touch others.

  不过,来自西班牙、意大利和南美等国家的人会站在离别人很近的地方,而且可能会接触对方。

  3.________ ________,though,studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's world of cultural crossroads.

  但总的来说,在当今文化交融的世界,学习不同国家的习俗肯定能帮助我们避免交往中的困难。

  4.________at a little distance with open hands________ ________that I am willing to listen.

  张开手站在不远处会表示我乐意听。

  自我诊断

  单词拓展

  1.statement,state 2.flight,fly 3.association,associate

  4.function,functional 5.anger,angry,angrily 6.represent,representative 7.approach 8.misunderstand,misunderstanding,understand 9.defend,defence 10.ease 11.curious,curiously,curiosity 12.major,majority 13.subjective,subject 14.facial,face,face 15.truly,true,truth

  短语回顾

  1.about 2.against 3.apologize 4.up 5.on 6.likely 7.in 8.shake 9.come 10.distance 11.as 12.ready 13.at 14.lose 15.turn

  句型背诵

  1.Not all cultures;nor 2.are more likely to 3.In general 4.Standing;will show

  考 点 串 串 讲

  重点单词1.likely adj.预期的;可能的

  It's likely that...=sb. be likely to do...某人做……是可能的

  ①Is it likely that the plane will be late?

  飞机可能要晚点吗?

  ②She is likely to come next month.

  她下月很可能要来。

  ●易混辨析

  likely, possible与probable

  (1)likely强调表面上看来有可能,与probable意思接近,有时可以互换,但likely常暗示从表面迹象来判断。

  常用句型:

  ①sth./sb. be likely to do...

  ②It is likely that...

  (2)probable表示有几分根据的推测,比possible表示的可能性大。换句话说,probable的“有可能”,是指有实际的依据或逻辑上合乎情理。常用句型:

  It is probable that...

  (3)possible表示客观上有可能,但也许实际的可能性并不大。常用句型:

  ①It is possible that...

  ②It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.

  ③as soon as possible

  Come as soon as possible.

  尽可能快来。

  It is probable that he has forgotten our appointment.

  很可能他是忘了我们的约会了。

  It is possible that he went.

  他可能是走了。

  He said that it would be possible to build a platform in the centre of the Channel.

  他说在英吉利海峡的中心处建造一个站台将是可能的。即境活用单项填空

  ①—I advise you to learn a second language.

  —Me? ________! I'm too slow.

  A.Not likelyB.No problem

  C.Not possible

  D.Surely

  ②I think he is ________ to win, but I am not sure.

  A.possible

  B.likely

  C.impossible

  D.certain

  答案:①A ②B 

  2.represent vt.代表;描绘;体现;象征

  represent to...向……表示;交涉

  represent...as...把……描绘成

  represent oneself as/to be

  自称是……;声言……

  represent sth. to sb.向某人说明某事,向某人传达某事

  ①The red lines on the map represent railway lines.

  地图上的红线表示铁路。

  ②You must represent your complaints to Head Office.

  你必须向总部表示出你的抱怨。

  ③She represents herself as the kindest mother in the world.

  她把自己描绘成世界上最好的母亲。

  ④He represented our school to take part in the competition and all of us were proud of him.

  他代表我们学校参加竞赛,我们都为他感到骄傲。

  ●用法拓展

  representation n.表现;描述,描绘;表现形式;代理人

  make representation to与……交涉;向……提出抗议

  representative n.代表 adj.典型的,有代表性的

  ①The painting is a representation of a storm at sea.

  这幅画描绘的是海上的暴风雨。

  ②He is a representative for a large steel company.

  他是一家大型钢铁公司的代理人。

  ●易混辨析

  represent, on behalf of与stand for

  represent用来表示代表某人、某个集团、某个团体、政府等;某种标志代表什么;某物(书、雕塑等)表现的是什么以及把某人、物描绘成什么。

  on behalf of只能用作状语,表示“代表、代替某人”,是介词短语。

  stand for往往用来表示(字母、数字、符号等)代表、象征什么。

  ①On behalf of everyone here, I wish you a very happy holiday.

  我代表在座的各位祝你假期愉快。

  ②What does the letter E stand for?

  字母E代表什么?

  ●特别提醒

  represent作“说明,使说明”和“传达,表达”讲时不能直接跟人作宾语,常用结构为represent sth. to sb.或represent to sb. sth.。有类似用法的单词还有explain, relate(叙说), guarantee, suggest, announce等。

  即境活用

  单项填空

  The Olympic mascots are the Olympic flame, the fish, the panda, the Tibetan, antelope and the swallow, ________ a close group of friends.

  A.to represent B.representing

  C.represented

  D.represent

  答案:B 

  3.flight n.航班;飞行

  He completed the flight in 25 hours and 50 minutes.

  他用二十五小时五十分钟飞完了全程。

  Rise in unemployment is partly attributable to a flight of money abroad.

  失业人数增加的部分原因可归于资金抽逃国外。

  ●归纳延伸

  a flight of(飞鸟的)群;(飞机的)队

  a flight of ambition野(雄)心勃勃

  a flight of fancy 想入非非,异想天开

  =a flight of imagination

  in flight在飞行中即境活用单项填空

  ①I saw a flight ________ geese headed south for the winter.

  A.of B.from

  C.in

  D.on

  翻译句子

  ②我为你预订了直飞巴黎的航班。

  ________________________________________________________________________

  ③我多么希望能阻止光阴疾驰!

  ________________________________________________________________________

  答案:①A

  ②I've booked you on a direct flight to Paris.

  ③How I wish I could stop the flight of time! 

  4.ease n.安乐;安逸;悠闲 vt.使……安乐;使……安心;减轻;放松

  ①He is expected to win the game with ease.

  预计他在比赛中会轻易获胜。

  ②It would ease my mind to know where he was.

  要知道他在哪儿我就放心了。

  ③My parents are retired and now live a life of ease.

  我的父母都退休了,现在过着安闲舒适的生活。

  ●用法拓展

  (1)at ease舒适;快活;自由自在

  (2)put sb. at (their)ease使舒适;使自在;使不受约束

  (3)ease up放慢速度

  ①Try to put the candidate at ease by being friendly and informal.

  尽量友好随便点,使求职者感到无拘无束。

  ②I don't feel at ease in the strange place.

  在这个陌生的地方,我觉得很不自在。即境活用单项填空

  With all the work finished ahead of time, we all felt ________.

  A.at work B.at home

  C.at ease

  D.at sight

  答案:C

  5.approach vt.& n. 接近;靠近;方法

  He cautiously approached the house.

  他小心地走近那房子。

  Snow announced the approach of winter.

  雪宣告了冬季的来临。

  I like her approach to the problem.

  我喜欢她解决这个问题的方法。

  ●用法拓展

  at the approach of 在……快到的时候

  be approaching (to)与……差不多,大致相等

  be difficult of approach(指地方)难到达的;(指人)难于接近的

  be easy off approach(指地方)容易到达的,交通方便的;(指人)容易接近的

  make an approach to对……进行探讨

  make approaches to sb.设法接近某人,想博得某人的好感即境活用单项填空

  ①He offered an approach to________the problem.

  A.solvingB.solve

  C.be solved

  D.being solved

  翻译句子

  ②军队静静得逼近城市。

  ________________________________________________________________________

  ③玛丽的婚礼马上到了,所以一想到此,她就很兴奋。

  ________________________________________________________________________

  答案:①A

  ②The army is approaching the city silently.

  ③Mary's wedding is approaching so she was very excited on thinking about it.

  6.defend vt.防御;保卫;保护

  We shall defend our city,whatever the cost may be.

  不管代价如何,我们都要捍卫我们的城市。

  She defended herself successfully in court.

  她在法庭上成功地为自己作了辩护。

  ●用法拓展

  defend against 保卫……以免受(损失、伤害)

  ●易混辨析

  defend,guard,protect,shield与preserve

  defend指“保卫、防御”,应用范围很广,对象可以是具体的,也可以是抽象的。如:

  defend oneself against enemy 防御敌人

  guard 指“注意观察、戒备,以免受可能的攻击或伤害”。如:

  guard a coastline 守卫海岸线

  protect the children from harm 保护儿童免受伤害

  shield 指“保护、保卫……免受惩罚或伤害等”。如:

  shield one's eyes against the glare of the sun

  保护眼睛不受强烈的阳光伤害

  preserve指“防护、保存……免被分解或腐烂”。如:

  Salt preserves food from decay.

  盐能防止食物腐烂。即境活用翻译句子

  ①我们应该保护学生。

  ________________________________________________________________________

  ②他开始为这一态度辩护。

  ________________________________________________________________________

  ③我们抵御敌人,保卫我们的国家。

  ________________________________________________________________________

  答案:①We should defend our students.

  ②He undertook to defend this attitude.

  ③We defend our country against enemies.

  7.curious adj.求知欲强的;好奇的;稀奇古怪的;不寻常的

  I caught a curious sound in the neighboring room.

  我听到隔壁房间有奇怪的响声。

  The cat felt curious when she saw her own reflection in the mirror.

  小猫看到自己在镜子中的倒影,感到很好奇。

  ●用法拓展

  be curious to do对……好奇

  be curious as to对……好奇

  out of curiosity出于好奇

  satisfy one's curiosity满足某人的好奇心

  The reporter is curious to know whether the official is involved in the case.

  这个记者很想知道那位官员是否涉及此案。

  Everyone was curious as to why Mark was leaving.

  马克为什么要离去,大家都感到好奇。

  Just to satisfy my curiosity,how much did you pay for your car?

  我只是出于好奇,请问你买这辆车花了多少钱?即境活用单项填空

  ________about what was happening inside the room,the boy went into find out.

  A.Particular

  B.Curious

  C.Special

  D.Satisfied

  答案:B

  8.avoid vt.避开;避免;消除

  ●用法拓展

  avoid sth.避免某事

  avoid doing sth.避免做某事

  escape doing sth.逃脱做某事

  get away with+n.逃避……责任

  flee+n.从……逃走

  keep away from远离

  ●特别提醒

  avoid后接宾语时只能用动名词形式,不能用动词不定式。即境活用单项填空

  Such mistakes must be avoided________a second time.

  A.to make

  B.to be made

  C.making

  D.being made

  答案:D 因逻辑主语mistakes与动词make之间为被动关系,又因为avoid后需要动名词作宾语,所以选择D项。

  重点短语

  1.on the contrary正相反

  You're quite free now, I think. On the contrary, I have tons of things to do!

  我想你现在一定很有空。正相反,我有一大堆事要做!即境活用翻译句子

  ①相反,俱乐部每个月都聚会。

  ________________________________________________________________________

  ②正好相反,这样会更便宜。

  ________________________________________________________________________

  ③我没有生病。正相反,我很健康。

  ________________________________________________________________________

  答案:①On the contrary, the club gathers every month.

  ②On the contrary, it will be cheaper.

  ③I'm not ill. On the contrary, I'm very healthy. 

  2.defend against 保卫……以免受……

  ●用法拓展

  (1)protect...against...保护……以免受……

  (2)fight against 与……作斗争

  (3)argue against通过辩论反对……

  (4)be against对……持反对态度

  (5)defence n.防御;保卫

  (6)in defence of保护;为……辩护

  ●易混辨析

  defend against与protect against

  defend against侧重于保卫国家的领土、安全不受侵害;protect against侧重于保护生命或财产不受损失。

  ①They needed more troops to defend the border against possible attack.

  他们需要更多的部队来保卫边境地区免受可能的攻击。

  ②He fought against the Russians on the Eastern front.

  他在东线与俄国人作战。即境活用完成句子

  ①All our officers are trained to ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

  ________(保护国家不受外来侵略).

  ②The Chinese government will make all efforts to deal with the financial crisis ________ ________ ________(保护)the economical achievements ever made.

  答案:①defend the country against foreign attacks

  ②in defence of

  3.turn one's back to背对;背弃;不理睬

  When he saw me,he turned his back to me.

  他看到我时,把背转向了我。

  He went over to say hello to her,but she turned her back to him.

  他走过去向她问候,但是她不理睬他。

  ●用法拓展

  由turn构成的短语有:

  turn in上交

  turn out结果是

  turn up出现

  turn around转身

  turn down拒绝

  turn to转向;求助

  He picked up a watch and turned it in to the teacher.

  他捡到了一块表,交给了老师。

  Though I waited for an hour,he didn't turn up.

  尽管我等了一个小时,他仍然没有出现。

  His suggestion was turned down at the meeting.

  他的建议在会上被拒绝了。即境活用单项填空

  Please________your homework after you have finished it.

  A.turn up

  B.turn in

  C.turn down

  D.turn out

  答案:B

  4.close to离……近

  You will find it hard to get close to the tiger.

  你会发现很难靠近那只老虎。

  It was a shrewd assessment and probably pretty close to the truth.

  这个评估很有道理,可能相当正确。

  He never actually tells lies,but he often says pretty close to the wind.

  他实际上从不撒谎,但说的话常接近撒谎。

  ●易混辨析

  close与closely

  close作副词用时,意为“离……很近”,相当于near。

  closely也有此种含义,但语气较强,相当于very near,但后面不能接to。此外,closely还常可表抽象意义,意为“亲密地;仔细地,严密地”。

  Come close.I want to tell you something.

  走近一些,我有事要告诉你。

  He is closely connected with the case.

  他与这案子有密切的关系。即境活用单项填空

  It is so cold in Antarctic that the penguins have to stand________to each other to keep warm.

  A.close

  B.closely

  C.closed

  D.closing

  答案:A

  5.in general总的来说

  ●用法拓展

  generally speaking总的来说;一般来说

  in short简言之,总之

  on the whole总的来说

  to put it simply简单地说即境活用完成句子

  ①________ ________(总的来说),Japanese cars are very reliable and breakdowns are rare.

  ②________ ________ ________ ________(简单地说)he is not confident of himself.

  ③________ ________ ________(总的来说),your composition is well written.

  答案:①In general

  ②To put it simply

  ③On the whole

  重点句式1.She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence.

  她后退了几步,看上去有些吃惊,并举起了手,好像是在自卫。

  as if in defence省略句式。

  在时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句中,如果谓语动词包含有动词be,并且从句的主语和主句的主语一致,或者从句中主语是it,通常把从句中的主语和动词be省略。

  ①Look out for cars when crossing the street.

  过街时注意车辆。

  ②If not well managed, it can be harmful.

  如果管理不善,这很可能有害处。

  ③She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health.

  尽管身体还很不好,她仍非常努力地工作。

  ④She hurriedly left the room as if angry.

  她急匆匆地走出房去,好像很生气的样子。

  ⑤If possible, I should like to have two copies of it.

  可能的话我希望有两本。即境活用单项填空

  No matter how frequently ________, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.

  A.performedB.performing

  C.to be performed

  D.being performed

  答案:A 

  2.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.

  第一个到达的人是从哥伦比亚来的托尼·加西亚,紧随其后的是英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。

  the first+名词+to do第一个做……的……,动词不定式作定语。

  (1)动词不定式作定语要放在所修饰的名词或者代词的后面。

  (2)有很多名词常可用不定式作定语。常见的有ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time等。

  (3)如果不定式是一个不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等时,不定式后面要有必要的介词。

  (4)当名词被first, last, second...以及形容词的最高级或者only等修饰时,其后可用不定式作定语。

  (5)不定式作定语一般表示将来。

  (6)作定语的不定式和被修饰词是动宾关系,但如果是由句子的主语或者句子中另一个名词或者代词发出时,则要用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。

  ①He said he had an important meeting to attend.

  他说他有一个重要的会议要参加。

  ②Give me a piece of paper to write on.

  给我一张纸写字。

  ③He is looking for a room to live in.

  他在寻找一间居住的房子。

  ④I must keep the promise to pay within a month.

  我必须遵守在一月之内偿付的诺言。

  ⑤He was the best man to do the job.

  他是做这项工作的最好人选。

  ⑥He has much work to do.

  他有很多活要做。即境活用单项填空

  ①Have you checked all the machines ________ to Vietnam next week?

  A.sentB.to be sent

  C.be sent

  D.being sent

  ②—I'd like to buy an expensive camera.

  —Well, we have several models ________.

  A.to choose from

  B.to choose

  C.to be chosen

  D.for choice

  答案:①B ②A 

  3.I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them.

  站着观察了一会儿,我走过去与他们打招呼。

  watching them为现在分词作状语,表伴随。

  ●用法拓展

  现在分词作状语表示伴随时,用来说明动作发生的背景或情况。一般分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,它没有相应的状语从句可以转化,但是可以和并列句转化。

  They are now at breakfast,talking about the plan for their trip.

  =They are now at breakfast and they are talking about the plan for their trip.即境活用单项填空

  The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance,________in the natural light during the day.

  A.to let

  B.letting

  C.let

  D.having let

  答案:B

  4.With so many cultural differences between people,it is great to have some similarities in body language.

  人们之间有那么多文化方面的不同,但在肢体语言方面有相似之处真是太好了。

  此处的“With so many cultural differences between people”为“with+宾语+宾补”结构,between people是介词短语作宾语补足语。

  She saw a small river with green grass and red flowers on both sides.

  她看到一条小河,两岸长满了红花绿草。

  She came into the classroom with a dictionary in her hand.

  她手里拿着一本字典进了房间。

  ●用法拓展

  在该结构中,除用介词短语作宾补以外,还可以用以下几种形式作宾补:

  ①动词的­ing形式

  ②过去分词

  ③形容词

  ④不定式

  ⑤副词

  With the boy leading the way,we had no trouble in getting to the station.

  由这个男孩带路,我们毫不费力地到达了火车站。

  With all the work finished,they hurried back home for lunch.

  所有的工作都做完了,他们匆忙回家吃饭。

  With many things to deal with,I have to stop listening to the light music.

  有许多事情要处理,我只好停止听轻音乐。

  He usually sleeps with the windows open even in winter.

  即使在冬天,他也常常开着窗户睡觉。

  Tian'anmen Square looks even more beautiful with all lights on.

  所有的灯都亮着,天安门广场显得更加漂亮。即境活用单项填空

  With a lot of problems________,the manager looks very worried.

  A.settling

  B.settled

  C.to settle

  D.settle

  答案:C

  5.Not all cultures greet each other the same way,nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.

  各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式各不相同,身体接触和相互间距离的程度也并不一样。

  ●用法拓展

  ①Neither/Nor+系动词(情态动词或助动词)+主语是一个倒装句型,表示前面的情况也适用于后者,so用于肯定的场合,nor/neither用于否定的场合。

  I didn't go swimming yesterday,neither did Jack.

  我昨天没去游泳,杰克也没去。

  If Dick can finish the work on time,so can I.

  如果狄克能按时完成工作,那我也能。

  ②“so+正常语序”表示说话人同意对方的看法或对前文内容给予一种强调性的肯定,常意为“……的确是这样”。

  —I heard Jack completed the experiment.

  ——我听说杰克完成了实验。

  —So he did.

  ——他是完成了。

  ③如果前句有两个分句且谓语动词既有系动词,又有行为动词,或者既有肯定又有否定,要用So it is with...或It's the same with...句型。

  Mike is from Canada and he speaks Chinese very well,so it is with Ann.

  迈克是加拿大人并且说汉语很流利,安也是如此。

  ④“主语+do/did/does+so”表示“某人这样做了”,本结构中的助动词不能改为be或情态动词。

  The doctor asked him to eat more vegetables,and he did so.

  医生让他多吃些蔬菜,他就这么做了。即境活用单项填空

  —I warned you not to ride your bicycle in the street.

  —________.

  A.So you did

  B.So do not

  C.So did you

  D.So do I

  答案:A So did you.为倒装语序,表示相同的情况也适合于对方。而此处表示“对方的确警告过自己”;So you did.“确实是这样”。故选A。

  知 能 层 层 练

  一、单项填空

  1.Don't be too ________ about things you are not supposed to know.

  A.worried B.anxious

  C.eager

  D.curious

  答案:D

  解析:be curious about意为“对……好奇的”,符合题意。

  2.The ________ aim of the air raid was the complete destruction for all means of communication by bombing.

  A.major

  B.serious

  C.severe

  D.potential

  答案:A

  解析:major“主要的;重要的”,修饰aim,符合题意。serious相当于severe,意为“严重的”;potential“潜在的”。

  3.When you chat online with people you never see, you are ________ to come across a next­door neighbor or even a workmate in the same office.

  A.probable

  B.possible

  C.likely

  D.unlikely

  答案:C

  解析:A、B两项不能以人作主语;根据题意应用likely, be likely to do “有可能做……”。

  4.He had been dreading their meeting, but her welcome soon put him ________.

  A.at ease

  B.with ease

  C.with easy

  D.at easy

  答案:A

  解析:at ease“舒适;快活”,常用做表语,在本题中指她对他表示欢迎,使他放松下来。

  5.In that country, all the people were united to ________ their country against enemies.

  A.preserve

  B.prevent

  C.defend

  D.avoid

  答案:C

  解析:defend“保卫,防御”,符合题意。preserve“维持;保持”;prevent“防止”,常与from连用;avoid“避免”。

  6.________, most teenagers now listen to rock music. However, John likes classical music better.

  A.In the whole

  B.In general

  C.Above all

  D.On the other hand

  答案:B

  解析:in general相当于on the whole,意为“总的来说”,符合题意。above all“首先;最重要的是”;on the other hand“另一方面 ”。

  7.—Would you go to the concert this evening?

  —Sorry. ________ tomorrow's lessons, I have no time to go out with you.

  A.Not preparing

  B.Not having prepared

  C.Not to prepare

  D.Being not prepared

  答案:B

  解析:动词prepare与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,且表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前,故用现在分词的完成式表示,非谓语动词的否定式not放在其前。

  8.In some cases, different approaches ________ the same scientific problem lead to conflicting theories.

  A.to

  B.in

  C.of

  D.for

  答案:A

  解析:approach与介词to搭配。

  9.________ everything into consideration, the manager was sure of his success in the deal.

  A.To take

  B.Taking

  C.Taken

  D.Being taken

  答案:B

  解析:take...into consideration意为“考虑到,顾及”,此处用现在分词短语作状语,与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。

  10.Bill opened the door to Harold and ________ him with cries of welcome.

  A.shouted

  B.waved

  C.shook

  D.greeted

  答案:D

  解析:greet sb.“迎接某人;问候某人”,此处指比尔开门迎接哈罗德。

  二、选用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空

  1.For our little store, business ________ has been very good this year.

  2.The news that their only son was sound and safe put the family ________.

  3.When I was in high school, I ________ other cultures and different social customs.

  4.To ________ its enemy, the emperor had the Great Wall built in the north.

  答案:1.in general 2.at ease 3.was curious about

  4.defend against

  三、根据括号内的提示翻译下列句子

  1.当我们遇到困难时,我觉得他不可能来帮忙。(be likely to)

  ________________________________________________________________________

  2.由于害怕在学生面前丢脸,老师拒绝承认自己错了。(lose face)

  ________________________________________________________________________

  3.教育的主要目的之一是使学生具备现代知识。(major)

  ________________________________________________________________________

  4.不管你喜欢与否,妈妈跟你说话时你都不应该不理不睬。(turn one's back to)

  ________________________________________________________________________

  答案:1.I don't suppose he is likely to come and help us when we get into trouble.

  2.Afraid of losing face before his students, the teacher refused to admit that he was wrong.

  3.One of the major aims of education is to have students equipped with modern knowledge.

  4.Whether you liked it or not, you shouldn't have turned your back to your mother when she was talking to you.

  语 法 路 路 通

  高考语法专题八 时态和语态

  知识清单一、一般现在时的主要用法

  1.表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态或现阶段的习惯。

  2.表示不受时间限制的客观事实和普遍真理。

  3.在表示将来的状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来意义。

  4.表示按时间表、日程安排等要发生的事情。

  二、一般过去时的主要用法

  5.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态或过去经常或习惯性的动作。

  6.在表示“没有认出/想出/想起”等句型中,常用一般过去时。

  三、一般将来时的结构及主要用法

  7.表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或状态。

  8.“will/shall+动词原形”指没有经过计划临时出现的意图。

  9.be doing指安排好要做的事情,并且很少变更。常用于此结构的主要是一些短暂性动词,如go, come, leave, start, begin, run等。

  10.be to do表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务和要求必须去做的事情或即将发生的动作。

  11.be about to do表示客观上马上就要发生的事情,一般不和具体的时间状语连用。

  12.be going to结构在口语中常用来表示主观上决定或安排要做某事,必然或很有可能要发生某事,也可用来表示有迹象表明要发生某事。

  四、现在进行时的主要用法

  13.表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。

  14.表示按计划或安排要发生的动作,仅限于位移性动词。

  15.表示说话人厌恶、喜欢、惊讶等感情色彩。

  16.表示心理、结果、感官、属性等的动词不能用于进行时态。

  五、过去进行时的主要用法

  17.表示过去某一时刻或某一时间内正在发生的动作。

  18.表示过去将要发生的动作。

  19.用过去进行时表示现在的情况,使语气更委婉。

  六、现在完成时的主要用法

  20.现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在产生的结果或影响;或表示从过去开始一直持续到现在,且还有可能继续的动作或状态。

  七、现在完成进行时的主要用法

  21.表示一个持续到现在的动作,或重复性的长时间地做某事。

  22.带有强烈的表扬或厌恶等感情色彩。

  八、过去完成时的主要用法

  23.表示动作在过去某一时刻之前已经结束或过去的动作延续到过去的某个时刻。

  九、低考频时态

  24.过去将来时表示在过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或状态。

  25.将来完成时表示到将来某一时间能够完成的动作。

  26.将来进行时表示将来某一个时间点或时间段正在进行的动作或状态;过去完成进行时表示过去某个时间发生的动作持续进行到另一个时间。

  十、常用句式中的时态问题

  27.“It is/has been+一段时间+since从句”中,since从句用一般过去时;如果主句中的is改成was的话,则since从句用过去完成时。

  28.“It is the first/second...time+that从句”中,that从句一般用现在完成时;如果主句中的is改成was的话,则that从句用过去完成时。

  29.hardly/scarcely...when和no sooner...than表示“还未来得及……就……”或“一……就……”,主句常用过去完成时,when和than引导的从句常用一般过去时。

  十一、被动语态的用法

  30.被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者,其构成是“be+过去分词”。

  31.“get+过去分词”结构表示被动,指遭遇不好的事情。

  32.有些习惯用法常以被动语态的形式出现,如:be supposed to, be located in等。

  十二、主动形式表示被动含义的情况

  33.某些系动词,如look, sound, become, get, keep, taste, feel, prove, appear等,用主动形式表示被动含义。

  34.表示主语内在品质或性能的不及物动词,其后常跟一个副词,如look, shut, open, sell, read, write等,可用主动形式表示被动含义。

  35.表示“需要”的need, want, require及worth等后接动名词表示被动含义。

  36.表示“发生”的不及物动词(短语)如happen, take place, occur等无被动语态,用主动形式表被动含义。专题专练1.(2010·辽宁卷)I ________ all the cooking for my family, but recently I've been too busy to do it.

  A.will doB.do

  C.am doing

  D.had done

  答案:B

  解析:考查动词的时态。根据语意可知:通常由我来为家人做饭,但是因为最近很忙,所以我没有时间做。第一句是陈述的事实,因此应该用一般现在时。

  2.(2010·重庆卷)The book has been translated into thirty languages since it ________ on the market in 1973.

  A.had come

  B.has come

  C.came

  D.comes

  答案:C

  解析:考查时态。since所引导的从句通常用一般过去时。

  3.(2010·全国卷Ⅱ)Excuse me, I ________ I was blocking your way.

  A.didn't realize

  B.don't realize

  C.haven't realized

  D.wasn't realizing

  答案:A

  解析:考查时态。根据第二句后半部分的内容可知叙述的是过去的情况,此处表示的是说话之前没有意识到挡住了对方的路,所以用一般过去时。

  4.(2010·北京卷)—I'm not finished with my dinner yet.

  —But our friends ________ for us.

  A.will wait

  B.wait

  C.have waited

  D.are waiting

  答案:D

  解析:考查动词的时态。根据题干内容可知,这里表示的是此时此刻正在进行的动作,即“我们的朋友们正在等着我们”,因此用现在进行时。

  5.(2010·湖南卷)I walked slowly through the market, where people ________ all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.

  A.sell

  B.were selling

  C.had sold

  D.have sold

  答案:B

  解析:考查时态。表示过去某个时候正在发生的动作,应用过去进行时。语意:我慢慢地在市场里逛,那里人们正在卖各种各样的水果和蔬菜。我仔细察看了一下价格,买了我需要的东西。

  6.(2010·北京卷)—I'm sorry, but I don't quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?

  —Sorry, I ________ myself clear. We want to return on October 20.

  A.hadn't made

  B.wouldn't make

  C.don't make

  D.haven't made

  答案:D

  解析:考查动词的时态。根据题干内容可知,答话者是说自己没有把话说清楚从而导致“对方误解”,即这一动作对现在造成了影响,所以用现在完成时。

  7.(2010·陕西卷)I have to see the doctor because I ________ a lot lately.

  A.have been coughing

  B.had coughed

  C.coughed

  D.cough

  答案:A

  解析:考查时态。句意:我得去看医生,因为我最近一直咳嗽得很厉害。lately表示“最近”,与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用,因此答案选A,此处表示在说话之前一直持续的动作。

  8.(2010·湖南卷)I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone ________ it. Was it you?

  A.has done

  B.had done

  C.would do

  D.will do

  答案:B

  解析:考查时态。do的动作发生在was just going to cut my rose

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