山东省高密市教科院2017届高三高考二轮复习英语《形容词与副词》学案

　　形容词和副词在高考中的考查重点：

　　1. 形容词、副词的作用与位置；

　　① 多个形容词作定语排列的顺序

　　② enough作修饰成分时的位置问题及形容词作后置定语

　　③ 形容词作伴随状语和原因状语

　　2. 表语形容词的特点及连系动词+形容词作表语；

　　3. 形容词、副词比较等级的用法；

　　①原级的用法②比较级的用法③最高级的用法

　　④形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况 ⑤由as/so组成的形容词或副词短语 ⑥more /less than及其相关结构

　　4. 容易混淆的形容词、副词的区别。2017湖南24. Bicycling is good exercise; ____, it does not pollute the air.

　　A. nevertheless B. besides C. otherwise D. therefore

　　【答案】B

　　【考点】本题考察副词含义辨析根据句意：“骑自行车是一种很好的运动方式，而且又不会造成大气污染”故选B（besides而且，加之，除此以外）。词汇 副词besides

　　I haven’t head from him since last year.

　　A.

　　especially

　　B.

　　regularly

　　C.

　　particularly

　　D.

　　approximately

　　【考点】副词词义辨析

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】A项意为“”；B项意为“”；C项意为“特别，尤其”；D项意为“近似地大约”。。

　　【答案】 28. Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs _____.

　　A. some

　　B. less

　　C. much

　　D. more

　　【答案】D

　　【考点】形容词考点。比较级，根据句意即刻判断。

　　合成形容词

　　合成形容词指由几个词共同组成并起到形容词作用的词。主要作定语，一般不作表语。

　　(1) 数词+ 名词+形容词 a ten-metre-wide river

　　一条十米宽的河

　　a five-year-old girl 一个五岁的女孩

　　(2) 形容词（或数词）+名词+-eda middle-aged man 一位中年男子

　　a fifteen-storeyed building 一座十五层的大楼

　　(3) 形容词+V-ing 形式 a good-looking man 一位英俊的男子

　　an easy-going woman 一位随和的女子

　　(4) 名词+V-ed 形式a man-made lake 人工湖

　　a snow-covered mountain

　　一座被雪覆盖的山

　　(5) 副词/形容词+ V-ed形式

　　a well-known writer 一位著名的作家

　　a new-born baby 一个新生儿

　　形容词在句中的作用：

　　作定语

　　作定语时形容词一般放在所修饰词的前面，如果有几个形容词，常按下列顺序排列：限定词+序数词、基数词+性质、状态+大小、长短、高低+形状+新旧+颜色+产地、国籍+质地、材料+用途+名词

　　a few big round new black French wooden tables

　　几张新的大面圆的法国黒木桌子

　　the last few unforgettable sunny days

　　令人难忘的最后几个阳光明媚的日子

　　(2) 作表语

　　作表语的形容词位置比较固定，都在系动词之后：

　　He is very devoted to his wife. Her face remained expressionless.

　　但在表语和动词之间有时可插进别的词：

　　She remained comparatively calm.

　　I feel a little tired.

　　大多数形容词可作定语和表语，但有些形容词通常只作表语，如：afraid, alive, alone, ashamed, asleep, aware, content, due, fond, glad, ill, likely, ready, sorry, sure, unable, unlikely, well等

　　(3) 作宾语补足语Who left the door open?

　　Martin found the work slightly dull.

　　(4) 作状语

　　She came over, eager to help.

　　He arrived home, hungry and tired.

　　(5) 有时可作同位语和独立成分

　　The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.

　　Strange to say, he did pass his exam after all.

　　副词在句中的作用：

　　1. 作状语

　　It snowed heavily last January.

　　(修饰动词)Emily greeted me warmly. (修饰动词)

　　He agreed to come over right away. (修饰非谓语动词)

　　She is terribly clever.

　　(修饰形容词)You’re driving too fast. (修饰副词)

　　Sure I’ll help you.

　　(修饰整个句子)

　　2. 作表语：大部分与介词同形的副词可用作表语

　　Mary was down with a slight fever.We are behind in our plan.

　　I must be off now.

　　还有一些表示位置的副词常用作表语

　　When will you be back?I’ll only be away a few minutes.

　　Is anyone downstairs yet?

　　Denny was still abroad.

　　3. 副词的其他用法

　　副词可用作定语

　　I

　　hope you’ll enjoy your stay here.

　　The then headmaster ordered these books.

　　(2) 副词还可用作宾语补语，构成复合宾语

　　I saw you out with your sister last Sunday.

　　I’m pleased to see you back.

　　(3) 副词用于构成动词短语

　　The flowers gave off a sweet fragrance.

　　They decided to put the meeting off.

　　意思有别的同根副词：

　　close 接近地

　　closely 仔细地，密切地

　　free 免费地

　　freely 自由地，无拘无束地

　　hard 努力地

　　hardly 几乎不

　　late 晚，迟

　　lately

　　近来

　　most 最，极其 mostly 主要地

　　high 高

　　highly 高度地，非常地

　　deep 深，迟

　　deeply 深深地

　　loud 大声地

　　loudly 大声地(含喧闹之意)

　　near 邻近

　　nearly 几乎

　　形容词副词比较级

　　1. 表示A超过B：

　　A+谓语+adj./adv.比较级+than +B

　　My room is smaller than yours.

　　Dave drives faster than anyone I know.

　　2. 表示A不如B：

　　1) A+谓语的否定式+adj./adv.比较级+than+B

　　2) A+谓语+less+adj./adv.+than+B

　　3) A+谓语的否定+so(as)+adj./adv.+as+B

　　This book isn’t bigger than that one.

　　This star is less beautiful than that one.

　　This room is not as/so big as that one.

　　(3)表示A和B是同等程度

　　A+谓语+as+adj./adv.+as+B

　　Diana sings as sweetly as her sister.

　　She can run as fast as 20 miles an hour.

　　(4) 越……,越……

　　the +比较级, the+比较级

　　越来越……

　　比较级+and+比较级

　　The faster I type, the more mistakes I make.

　　He played it better and better.

　　(5) 两者中较……的一个

　　the +比较级(+of+the+two+名词)

　　This ample is the bigger of the two.

　　形容词比较级的修饰语

　　可在形容词的比较级前加a lot, a good deal, much, many, far, a bit, a little, slightly等

　　His illness is far more serious than we thought.

　　You look a bit happier now.

　　也可在比较级前加any, no, some, even, still 等

　　Do you feel any better today?

　　Their house is no bigger than ours.

　　还可在比较级前加表示数量的词

　　My sister is half a head taller than me.

　　It was one-third cheaper than the market price.

　　形容词最高级

　　主要表示“最”，修饰名词，常有一短语与表示比较的范围，前面一般加定冠词the；副词最高级修饰动词，前面都不加the。

　　This is the best room in the hotel.

　　He was the most dangerous criminal in the country.

　　The poor people living in towns suffered worst.

　　注：在形容词最高级单独用作表语时，定冠词the常可省略：

　　I think David’s plan is best.

　　East, west, home’s best.

　　无比较等级的形容词和副词：

　　表示比较、特殊意义的comparative (ly), relative (ly), particular (ly), special (ly), favorite等。

　　(2) 表示绝对意义的 absolute (ly), entire (ly), excellent (ly), total (ly), thorough (ly), whole (wholly)等。

　　(3) 表示大小、极限、主观、上下等意义的extreme (ly), main, major, minor, senior, junior, chief (ly)等

　　(4) 表示性质特征的economic, scientific, wooden, earthen, golden等。

　　(5) 表示独一无二的、形状的、强调的 only, matchless, round, square, very, own, simply, hardly, scarcely等。

　　典型例题

　　The form cannot be signed by anyone

　　____ yourself.

　　(2011全国I)

　　A. rather than

　　B. other than

　　C. more than

　　D. better than

　　【解析】句意为“这张表格只能由你本人签字。”rather than而不；other than除了，相当于but和except；more than不仅仅；better than比…多、好。选B。

　　2. You’d be exposed to a lot _____ pollution if you moved to a town with pure water

　　and air.

　　(2011上海春招)

　　A. more

　　B. most

　　C. less

　　D. least

　　【解析】句意为“如果你们搬到空气清新、水质纯净的小镇去，你们受到的污染将会少得多。”空格前的a lot修饰比较级more或less，根据后面的语意，选C。

　　3. In that school, English is compulsory for all students, but French and Russian are _______.

　　(2011江苏)

　　special

　　B．regional

　　C. optional

　　D．original

　　【解析】句意为“在那所学校，英语是学生的必修课，而法语和俄语是选修课。”special特别的，特意的；regional地区的，地方的；optional可选择的；original原始的，最初的。句中由but进行转折，由此可知法语和俄语不是必修课而是可以选修，所以正确答案为C。

　　7. — How are your recent trip to Sichuan? — I’ve never had ___ one before.

　　(2011四川)

　　a pleasant

　　B. a more pleasant

　　C. a most pleasant

　　D. the most pleasant

　　【解析】句意为“——最近你到四川的旅行怎么样？——从来没有这么愉快过。”否定词never与a more pleasant连用，表示“非常愉快”，等于最高级。the most pleasant是特指，需要有比较的范围，但是这个范

　　围并不存在。因此选B。

　　8. The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be ____ the

　　present one.

　　(2011陕西)

　　as three times big as

　　B. three times as big as

　　C. as big as three times

　　D. as big three times as

　　【解析】句意为“为下一届亚运会而修建的体育馆将会是目前的体育馆三倍大小。”表示倍数的词做修饰语时，放在as的前面，

　　即“倍数 + as + adj + as”， 因此选B。

　　11. — The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting.

　　— Why? It’s ____ than the films I have ever seen.

　　(2011江西)

　　far more interesting

　　B. much less interesting

　　C. no more interesting

　　D. any less interesting

　　【解析】句意为“——我得说，这部电影一点都不令人感兴趣。——什么？这可比我看过的电影有趣得多了。”程度副词可修饰形容词比较级，放于比较级前。根据应答者用“Why?”进行的反问，选A。1. —Volunteering is becoming ___ popular in China.

　　(2010福建)

　　—Yeah, people are now aware that helping others is helping themselves.

　　A. naturally

　　B. successfully

　　C. splendidly

　　D. increasingly

　　2. It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was _____ journey. (2010上海)

　　A. three hour

　　B. a three-hours

　　C. a three-hour

　　D. three hours

　　3. Father ______ goes to the gym with us although he dislikes going there.

　　(2010湖南)

　　A. hardly

　　B. seldom

　　C. sometimes

　　D. never

　　4. Computers and mobile phones, though they are indeed making our life ___ and more ___, have reduced the need for face-to-face communications.

　　(2010江西)

　　A easily; efficient

　　B easier; efficient

　　C easy; efficiently

　　D easily; efficiently

　　5. Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have ___ schedules to make it easier to care for their children. (2010山东)

　　heavy

　　B. smooth

　　C. flexible

　　D. complex

　　6. People have always been ____ about exactly how life on earth began.

　　(2010天津)

　　A. curious

　　B. excited

　　C. anxious

　　D. careful

　　7. The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too

　　.

　　(2010四川)

　　small

　　B. few

　　C. 1arge

　　D. many

　　8. Studies show that people are more ____ to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.

　　(2010陕西)

　　likely

　　B. possible

　　C. probable

　　D. sure

　　9. Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never

　　been____.

　　(2010全国)

　　popular

　　B. more popular

　　C. most popular

　　D. the most popular

　　10. I wasn’t blaming anyone; I ____ said errors like this could be avoided.

　　(2010湖北)

　　merely

　　B. mostly

　　C. rarely

　　D. nearly

　　11. — What about my answer, sir?

　　— Sorry, it’s _____ wrong.

　　very

　　B. fairly

　　C. rather

　　D. quite

　　12. Although the country has had political independence for over a century, _____ it still needs the support of its neighbors.

　　naturally

　　B. economically

　　C. especially

　　D. luckily

　　13. — I was walking along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.

　　— You can never be _____ in the street.

　　careful enough

　　B. enough careful

　　C. very carefully

　　D. too carefully

　　14. I prefer to take buses after 10 o’clock; they are ____ crowded.

　　more

　　B. less

　　C. most

　　D. least

　　15. Quantities of precious jewelry _____ buried _____ in the earth.

　　was found; deeply

　　were found; deeply

　　was found; deep

　　D. were found; deep

　　16. To all the famous artist’s surprise, the unknown woman’s two _____ paintings are also on show in the art exhibition.

　　little blue oil

　　B. blue little oil

　　C. oil blue little

　　D. little oil blue

　　17. Joe, studying abroad, was _____ to see his friend off at the airport.

　　a little more than sad

　　B. sad more than a little

　　C. more than a little sad

　　D. a little more sad than

　　18. On Christmas Eve, it is the children who feel ___ desire to fall asleep because they want to see Santa Claus with their own eyes.

　　the most

　　B. more

　　C. worse

　　D. the least

　　19. ___ anxious and ___ relaxed the learner, ____ their language acquisition.

　　The less; much; the better

　　Less; more; better

　　The more; less; the worse

　　More; less; worse

　　20. I’d like to see you whenever it is ____.

　　beautiful

　　B. comfortable

　　C. convenient

　　D. acceptable