2017高三英语二轮复习 江苏专用 完型填空+阅读理解35

　　高考维“升”素35——医学常识

　　（时间：分钟）

　　维A1 阅读理解

　　高考曾用材料：2010湖北卷C篇

　　选材相似度：★★★★

　　设题相似度：★★★

　　难度系数：★★★

　　First aid is the action of limited care for an illness or injury in the beginning.It is usually performed by a lay person to a sick or injured patient until definitive medical treatment can be accessed.Certain self­limiting illnesses or minor injuries may not require further medical care.It generally consists of series of simple life­saving techniques that an individual can be trained to perform with minimal equipment.

　　While first aid can also be performed on animals，the term generally refers to care of human patients.

　　Certain skills are considered essential to the action of first aid and are taught everywhere.Particularly，the “ABC”s of first aid，which focus on critical life­saving action，must be rendered before treatment of less serious injuries.ABC stands for Airway，Breathing，and Circulation.The same mnemonic is used by all emergency health professionals.Attention must first be brought to the airway to ensure it is clear.Choking is a life­threatening emergency.A first aid attendant would determine properness of breathing and provide rescue breathing if necessary.

　　Some organizations add a fourth step of “D” for Deadly bleeding，while others consider this as part of the Circulation step.Variations on techniques to maintain the ABCs depend on the skill level of the first aider.Once the ABCs are secured，first aiders can begin additional treatments，as required.Some organizations teach the same order of priority using the “3Bs” ：Breathing，Bleeding，and Bones.While the ABCs and 3Bs are taught to be performed continuously，certain conditions may require the consideration of two steps at the same time.This includes the action of both CPR and chest compressions to someone who is not breathing and has no pulse.

　　Notes：

　　①lay adj.外行的　②render vt.实施　③priority n．优先权

　　长短句分析：While first aid can also be performed on animals，the term generally refers to care of human patients.

　　句法点睛：本句中，while引导让步状语从句，意思是“尽管”。

　　句意：尽管急救可以用在动物身上，但这个术语一般指对病人的救助。

　　【语篇解读】 急救是指在最后的医疗救护到来之前对病人实施的初步的救助。在实施急救过程中，我们要把握好“ABC”策略，即“气道、呼吸、循环”三要素。也有人增加了D元素，即“流血”的处理。无论怎样只要我们掌握合理的急救知识，病人就能得到救助。

　　1．What does “It” in the first paragraph refer to?

　　A．First aid.

　　B．Definitive medical treatment.

　　C．Further medical care.

　　D．An injury.

　　答案　A　[词义猜测题。联系第一句作者给first aid下的定义，以及“series of simple life­saving techniques that an individual can be trained to perform with minimal equipment”可知，it在这里指急救。]

　　2．When we talk about first aid we usually mean ________ according to the passage.

　　A．giving professional help

　　B．giving original help to humans

　　C．treating animals

　　D．any help to animals and humans

　　答案　B　[细节理解题。联系第二段中的“the term generally refers to care of human patients”可知，尽管急救可以指对动物的救助，但是一般来说，只指对人实施的最初救助。D有一定的干扰性，救助是指对病人实施的救助，而不是任何帮助都叫“first aid”。]

　　3．When giving first aid we must first make sure ________.

　　A．the airway is clear

　　B．the patient must breathe

　　C．we have necessary medical tools

　　D．the patient is not choked

　　答案　A　[细节理解题。从“Attention must first be brought to the airway to ensure it is clear.”可知，确保病人气道通畅，这是最重要的。]

　　4．While a man is choked we should ________.

　　A．begin additional treatments

　　B．make sure he has pulse

　　C．make him breathe smoothly

　　D．take two steps at the same time

　　答案　C　[细节理解题。从“Choking is a life­threatening emergency.A first aid attendant would determine properness of breathing and provide rescue breathing if necessary.”可知，对窒息病人而言，确保他呼吸是最重要的。]

　　5．What does the whole passage mainly tell us?

　　A．What is most important in first aid.

　　B．How to deal with choking.

　　C．What first aid means.

　　D．How to do first aid.

　　答案　D　[主旨大意题。全文讲述了如何对病人进行有效的救助，因此可得出答案为D。其他选项文章都有涉及，但只是细节。]

　　维A2 阅读理解

　　高考曾用材料：2010安徽卷D篇

　　选材相似度：★★★★

　　设题相似度：★★★

　　难度系数：★★★★

　　Jeremy Wirick,9，has been back in school for less than two months，but he has already had several asthma attacks.A recent attack happened on October 2，after he pushed himself too hard in gym class.Running，power walking，jogging and push­ups took their toll.When Jeremy got home an hour or two later，he was out of breath.He needed to use a nebulizer，a machine that helps send medicine quickly to the lungs，to get his breathing back to normal.

　　Asthma attacks like Jeremy increase in September and October.More than six times as many asthma sufferers who are elementary­school age need hospital treatment in the fall as in the summer.

　　Experts

　　believe

　　many

　　factors

　　can

　　contribute

　　to back­to­school asthma.Kids get together in close spaces，they start passing viruses around.A viral infection can cause an asthma attack.There are also certain fall allergies that can cause attacks.Exercise is another common cause of an attack.Besides，the stress of school can make asthma worse.

　　Parents can play a big role in helping kids with asthma start the school year right.Dawne Gee's 10­year­old son，Alexander，has had asthma since he was a baby.Before the school year starts，she tells school workers in writing about her son's asthma.

　　The Gees live in Kentucky，which has passed laws allowing students to carry their asthma medication with them at school.Alexander's mom makes sure he has his inhaler with him when he goes to school and that he keeps it on hand at all times.In Delaware，where Jeremy lives，kids are allowed to carry their inhalers at school.

　　The American Lung Association says that about 6.2 million American children suffer from asthma.Asthma is the chronic illness that causes students to miss the most days of school.There are many things that schools can do to help students control their asthma.

　　Notes：

　　①asthma n．哮喘　②allergy n．过敏症　③medication n．药物治疗　④inhaler n．人工呼吸器　⑤chronic adj.慢性的

　　【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章首先通过Jeremy Wirick向我们讲述了哮喘病的表现方式，接着讲述了它的起因以及预防措施。

　　1．The passage mainly deals with ________.

　　A．how to prevent and treat asthma

　　B．what asthma is and its symptoms

　　C．the side­effects asthma has on kids

　　D．the causes of asthma and its treatment

　　答案　D　[主旨大意题。文章第一段引出要讨论的话题——哮喘病，接着作者介绍了哮喘病的起因及治疗方法，最后指出父母和学校应该有责任帮助孩子们治疗和预防哮喘病，故最佳答案为D。]

　　2．Which of the following statements is NOT supported by the passage?

　　A．Kids are likely to suffer asthma attacks in the fall.

　　B．Stress can add to the risk of asthma attacks.

　　C．Medical officials should be blamed for asthma attacks.

　　D．Asthma attacks will need necessary medical treatment.

　　答案　C　[推理判断题。由第二段可判断A项正确；由第三段最后一句可判断B项正确；由第五段可判断D项正确。而C项文中没有提及，符合题意。]

　　3．The passage lists many factors that cause asthma attacks EXCEPT ________.

　　A．a viral infection

　　B．unhealthy habits

　　C．certain fall allergies

　　D．physical exercise

　　答案　B　[细节理解题。由第三段可以判断A、C、D都是引起哮喘病的原因，只有B项没有提到。]

　　4．The following paragraph is probably going to talk about ________.

　　A．tips on asthma for schools

　　B．a survey on students with asthma

　　C．the effects asthma has on students

　　D．further understanding of asthma

　　答案　A　[推理判断题。由最后一段中的“There are many things that schools can do to help students control their asthma.”可以推测接下来要讨论学校帮助学生控制哮喘病的措施，故A项为正确答案。]

　　维B 任务型阅读

　　请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的单词空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个。

　　All of us，at some point，experience nights where we have difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.The National Institute of Health estimates that one in three adults has bouts of infrequent sleeplessness or insomnia，while one in 10 suffers from chronic insomnia.Being unable to get a good night's sleep can cause disruptions in our day­to­day life.But persistent sleeplessness can lead to physical and emotional health problems.

　　The body needs sleep to rejuvenate itself and rebuild the cells necessary to keep the immune system strong and the brain functioning properly.Everyone's body requires a different amount of sleep to accomplish these goals.The average amount of sleep needed by an adult is around seven or eight hours a night.However，some people can function quite well with less than that，while others need more to be at peak performance.

　　Sleeplessness can be caused by many different things.Most people experience sleeplessness for a short period of time due to an outside stimulus such as stress，improper diet，a poor sleeping environment or an acute medical concern such as the flu.Once the stimulus passes，the ability to sleep will usually return.Chronic sleeplessness may be caused by ongoing health concerns such as the physical pain of arthritis or the emotional pain of anxiety and depression.

　　Prolonged sleeplessness can have a negative effect on the way the body performs daily tasks.Those that suffer from sleepless nights may find themselves feeling drowsy or fatigued during the day.The ability to concentrate or focus on a task diminishes and you are less mentally alert.Because the body needs sleep to support a healthy immune system，those that are sleep­deprived may be more susceptible to both acute and chronic illnesses such as high blood pressure and diabetes.

　　Sleeplessness not only takes a toll on your physical self but also your emotional well­being.Being unable to sleep well for a few nights may only produce minor irritability.However，if sleeplessness becomes chronic，the price could be much higher in the form of anxiety，depression and possibly substance abuse.Those with chronic sleeplessness may turn to controlled substances such as sleeping pills and alcohol to aid them in their quest for a good night's sleep.

　　There are numerous home remedies for mild sleeplessness.Prepare your body for sleep by avoiding caffeinated drinks such as tea or coffee before bed.Don't exercise strenuously before bedtime；instead do something relaxing such as meditate or take a warm bath.Go to bed only when you feel sleepy and not because of a self­appointed bedtime.Finally，create a favorable sleeping environment by removing stimulants from your bedroom such as extra lighting or a television.If you still cannot find relief，it may be time to visit your physician for help.A sleep study will be done that can help to determine the cause of the sleeplessness and possible solutions.

　　【语篇解读】 在现代生活中，由于各种各样的原因，大多数人会遭受不同程度的失眠。本文为我们讲述了失眠会对我们造成的影响以及解决方法。

　　答案及解析：

　　1．different　[根据文章第一段的第二句“The National Institute of Health estimates that one in three adults has bouts of infrequent sleeplessness or insomnia，while one in 10 suffers from chronic insomnia.”可知，许多人遭受着不同程度的失眠。]

　　2．strengthen　[根据文章第二段第一句中的“keep the immune system strong”可知答案。]

　　3．proper　[根据文章第二段第一句中的“keep...the brain functioning properly”可知答案。]

　　4．average　[根据第二段倒数第二句“The average amount of sleep needed by an adult is around seven or eight hours a night.”可知答案。]

　　5．causes　[根据文章第三段以及右栏中的信息可知，此处表示导致失眠的因素。]

　　6．Physical　[根据第五段第一句“Sleeplessness not only takes a toll on your physical self but also your emotional well­being.”以及右栏内容可知答案。]

　　7．depressed　[根据第五段倒数第二句“However，if sleeplessness becomes chronic，the price could be much higher in the form of anxiety，depression and possibly substance abuse.”可知答案。]

　　8．Solutions　[根据文章的最后一段以及右栏中的信息可知此处给我们提出了一些治疗失眠的方法。]

　　9．relaxing　[根据文章最后一段第三句“Don't exercise strenuously before bedtime；instead do something relaxing such as meditate or take a warm bath.”可知答案。]

　　10．necessary/needed　[根据文章最后一段的倒数第二句可以推知答案。必要(需要)的时候要看医生。]