2017届高考英语一轮基础知识复习：Unit 1 Women of achievement（新人教版必修4）

　　Unit 1 Women of achievement

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　A

　　(2015·河北省普高质监)

　　Martha Graham, born in 1894, was one of the most famous dancers and creators of dance, whose influence on dance has been compared with the influence Picasso had on the modern visual arts, Stravinsky had on music, or Frank Lloyd Wright had on architecture. She created almost two hundred dance pieces. She is often called the Mother of Modern Dance.

　　Earlier in her life, however, Martha did not know that she would become a dancer. At that time, the dancers were looked down on. So Martha's parents didn't approve of her desire to dance at the beginning. Until 1916, she began her studies at the newly created Denishawn School of Dancing and Related Arts, founded by Ruth St. Denis and Ted Shawn, where Graham worked very hard to improve her ability to dance because she was considered too old to begin dancing.

　　In 1936, Graham made her defining work, “Chronicle”， which signaled the beginning of a new era in modern dance. The dance brought serious issues to the stage for the general public in a dramatic manner. Influenced by the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the Great Depression that followed, and the Spanish Civil War, it focused on depression and isolation, reflected in the dark nature of both the set and costumes.

　　Graham continued to dance past the age of seventy. Once again, she was met with criticism from people who came to watch her shows. But she didn't give up. Her last completed ballet was 1990's Maple Leaf Rag. “A Dancer's World” is an introduction to Graham and her work. She tells about her dances and her dance group shows some of their methods.

　　Martha Graham received many awards during her lifetime, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom in nineteen seventy­six. She was the first dancer to receive the country's highest civilian

　　honor. She died in 1991 at the age of ninety­six. In 1998, Time magazine listed her as the “Dancer of the Century” and as one of the most important people of the twentieth century.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了现代舞之母玛莎·格兰姆的故事和她所取得的成就。

　　1．Some famous artists mentioned in Paragraph 1 show Martha Graham________.

　　A．was influenced greatly by them

　　B．kept in touch with them regularly

　　C．had a great effect on modern dance

　　D．liked to make more friends with them

　　答案：C　推理判断题。第一段中将玛莎·格兰姆的影响和其他的一些伟大的人物相比，暗示她的影响也非常大，故最佳答案为C。

　　2．Why didn't Martha's parents approve of her desire to dance at first?

　　A．She was too old to learn American dance.

　　B．American dance was seen as a lower art form.

　　C．There was no academic school to teach dancing.

　　D．Her family was too poor to afford her tuition.

　　答案：B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的第二句At that time, the dancers were looked down on舞蹈家在那时是被看不起的，暗示舞蹈在当时是一种地位较低的艺术形式，故最佳答案为B。

　　3．When Martha Graham continued to dance in her 70s, she________.

　　A．was warmly welcomed by the youth

　　B．achieved huge success once again

　　C．received many awards for her age

　　D．was attacked by people

　　答案：D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的第一、二句 Graham continued to dance past the age of seventy. Once again, she was met with criticism from people who came to watch her shows. 知她70岁演出时，她受到了一些人的批评，可知她受到了一些人的攻击，故最佳答案为D。

　　4．The text is mainly about________.

　　A．the background of modern dance in America

　　B．the development of modern dance in America

　　C．Martha Graham and her achievements in dance

　　D．the awards Martha Graham won in her life

　　答案：C　主旨大意题。根据文章的内容，是按时间顺序叙述了现代舞之母玛莎·格兰姆的一生以及她在舞蹈方面的成就，故最佳答案为C。

　　B

　　(2015·长春二模)

　　On the first day of school our professor introduced himself and challenged us to get to know someone we didn't know. I looked round when a gentle hand touched my shoulder. I turned around to find a wrinkled, little old lady with a smile. She said, “Hi, handsome. My name is Rose. I'm eighty­seven years old. Can I give you a hug？” I laughed and enthusiastically responded,

　　“Of course you may！” She gave me a giant squeeze. “Why are you in college at such a young, innocent age？” I asked. “I always dreamed of having a college education and now I'm getting one ！” she told me. After class we walked to the Student Union building and

　　shared

　　a chocolate

　　milkshake.

　　We

　　became

　　instant friends.

　　Every day of the next three months we would leave class together and talk nonstop. I was always listening to this “time machine” as she shared her wisdom and experience with me. Over the course of the year, Rose became a campus icon(偶像) and she easily made friends wherever she went. At the end of the semester we invited Rose to speak at our football dinner, I'll never forget what she taught us. “We do not stop playing because we are old; we grow old because we stop playing. There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up. Anybody can grow older. That doesn't take any talent or ability. The idea is to grow up by always finding opportunities in change. Have no regrets. The elderly usually don't have regrets for what we did, but rather for things we did not do. The only people who fear death are those with regrets.” She concluded her speech by courageously singing “The Rose”. She challenged each of us to study the lyrics (歌词) and live them out in our daily life. At the year's end she finished the college degree she had begun all those years. One week after graduation Rose died peacefully in her sleep.

　　文章大意：本文讲述了一位87岁的老太太Rose仍然坚持学习，实现了自己上大学的梦想的故事。

　　5．What happened to the author on the first day of school?

　　A．He got to know an old professor.

　　B．He made the acquaintance of an old lady.

　　C．He joined the Student Union.

　　D．He had to share a milkshake with others.

　　答案：B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I looked round when a gentle hand touched my shoulder. I turned around to find a wrinkled, little old lady with a smile”可知，作者在上学的第一天结识了一位老太太。故选B项。

　　6．From the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1, we can find out the author's ________.

　　A. concern about age

　　B. respect for the old

　　C. curiosity about the lady

　　D. complaint about education

　　答案：C　推理判断题。根据画线句后面老太太的回答“I alway dreamed of having a college education and now I'm getting one”可推知，作者对老太太在上大学感到非常好奇，所以询问老太太在学校的原因。故选C项。

　　7．In the author's eyes, ________.

　　A．Rose was innocent and generous

　　B．Rose was wise and skilled

　　C．Rose was talented and hard­working

　　D．Rose was courageous and her words were inspiring

　　答案：D　推理判断题。第二段讲到老太太Rose那种没有因为年龄大而放弃的梦想，活到老学到老的精神使她在大学校园成了大学生们的偶像，故Rose的勇气让作者感到钦佩，她的话是鼓舞人心的。故选D项。

　　8．Which saying might Rose possibly support?

　　A．One is never too old to learn.

　　B．A friend in need is a friend indeed.

　　C．Rome wasn't built in a day.

　　D．It is no use crying over spilt milk.

　　答案：A　推理判断题。本文讲述了一位87岁的老太太Rose仍然坚持学习，实现了自己上大学的梦想的故事，故A项“活到老学到老”，符合题意。A friend in need is a friend indeed“患难见真情”，Rome wasn't built in a day“冰冻三尺，非一日之寒”，It is no use crying over spilt milk“覆水难收”，都不符合题意。

　　Ⅱ.语法填空

　　阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　(2015·茂名市二模)

　　The Italian dinners we had every Sunday when I was a boy were feasts fit for a king. There were loaves of Italian bread ready to be eaten. __1__ were great with butter and even __2__(good) when you dipped them in the sauce(调味汁). My grandma, __3__ we called “Nanny”， would always bake them a day ahead so they would be ready. I remember watching her hand make the dough(面团). I would often ask to help but only because I wanted to have

　　__4__ bite of the dough before she placed it in the pans to bake.

　　One day I

　　__5__(fool) asked Nanny why she didn't just buy bread at the store

　　__6__(save) time. “Because they're not as good，” she said __7__ her thick Italian accent. Then she laughed, smiled, and gave me a piece of dough to eat.

　　Nanny was right. Today I buy my bread at the store and it isn't as good. It is factory­made and __8__(lack) all the taste, warmth, and love that Nanny put into hers. Store­bought happiness is a sad substitute for home­made joy. __9__

　　you want lasting love, permanent peace, and endless joy, then you have to bake them __10__ your own.

　　1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______

　　6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______

　　文章大意：本文讲述作者一起吃外婆给准备好的面包，非常的美味，曾傻傻地问为什么不去商店里面买来节省时间，外婆说它们不好，多年后才发现外婆说的是正确的，工厂生产的缺少了爱的味道，爱不是生产出来的。

　　1．命题立意：考查代词。

　　答案：They　句意：当把他们蘸点调味汁就更美味了，他们与黄油配起来很好吃。They代表loaves of Italian bread，故填写They。

　　2．命题立意：考查形容词比较级。

　　答案：better　因为有even修饰比较级，故填比较级形式。

　　3．命题立意：考查定语从句。

　　答案：whom　句意：我的外婆，我们叫她Nanny，经常为我们提前做好，把一切准备好。whom引导的定语从句修饰先行词grandma，并在从句中作call的宾语。

　　4．命题立意：考查冠词。

　　答案：a　have a bite of“咬一小口”。

　　5．命题立意：考查副词。

　　答案：foolishly　句意：有一天，我傻傻地问外婆为什么不买店里的面包来节省时间。修饰动词asked用副词。

　　6．命题立意：考查非谓语动词。

　　答案：to save　句意：有一天，我非常愚蠢的问外婆为什么不买店里的面包来节省时间。表示目的状语用不定式。

　　7．命题立意：考查介词。

　　答案：in/with　in/with her thick Italian accent 用浓厚的意大利口音。

　　8．命题立意：考查动词的时态。

　　答案：lacks　句意：这是工厂制作的，缺少此味道，温暖和爱在里面。根据and连接两个句子时态保持一致，故用一般现在时，主语是It，故用单数第三人称。

　　9．命题立意：考查连词。

　　答案：If　句意：如果你想要这种持续的爱，长久的平和，无尽的快乐，你就得自己来做。两个句子条件关系，故用If。

　　10．命题立意：考查介词。

　　答案：on　on one's own 亲自地。

　　Ⅲ.短文改错

　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。

　　增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。

　　删除：把多余的词用()划掉。

　　修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

　　注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

　　2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

　　Every time I read “...if I had the power of sight for three days”， I cannot help being moved its author Helen Keller, an ordinary and great American woman.

　　I admire Helen because she was optimistic about life. While she became deaf and blind, she was just 19 months old. So communication seemed complete a dream for her. But she never gave up and struggled to lead an active life. Under the guidance of his teacher, Ms. Sullivan, Helen learned to read and write and become a famous writer. To a disabled person like her, this was really the wonder!

　　Helen has set an excellent example to all of us. Her story tells us that we should value that we have, and try our best to overcome some difficulty in life.

　　答案：

　　Every time I read “...if I had the power of sight for three days”， I cannot help being moved

　　its author Helen Keller, an ordinary

　　great American woman.

　　I admire Helen because she was optimistic about life.

　　she became deaf and blind, she was just 19 months old. So communication seemed

　　a dream for her. But she never gave up and struggled to lead an active life. Under the guidance of

　　teacher, Ms. Sullivan, Helen learned to read and write and

　　a famous writer.

　　a disabled person like her, this was really

　　wonder!

　　Helen has set an excellent example to all of us. Her story tells us that we should value

　　we have, and try our best to overcome

　　difficulty in life.

　　1．命题立意：考查介词。

　　解析：moved后加by　can't help后跟了被动结构being moved, its author Helen Keller是动作的发出者，故用介词by引出。

　　2．命题立意：考查连词。

　　解析：and→but　“平凡但伟大”前后为转折关系，故用表示转折意义的并列连词but。

　　3．命题立意：考查状语从句。

　　解析：While→When　句中的“became deaf and blind”为短暂性动作，故应用When。

　　4．命题立意：考查副词。

　　解析：complete→completely　此处修饰整个句子应用副词completely。

　　5．命题立意：考查代词。

　　解析：his→her　此处指代Helen，应用her。

　　6．命题立意：考查时态。

　　解析：become→became　become不是与“read and write”并列的，而是与“learned”并列的，前后时态保持一致，故用一般过去时。

　　7．命题立意：考查介词。

　　解析：To→For　此处表示“对……来说”，应用介词For。

　　8．命题立意：考查冠词。

　　解析：the→a　此处泛指“一个奇迹”，故应用不定冠词a。

　　9．命题立意：考查宾语从句。

　　解析：that→what　what引导宾语从句，且在从句中作宾语，表示“所……的事物”。that引导名词性从句时不作成分。

　　10．命题立意：考查代词。

　　解析：some→any　此处表示“尽全力克服生活中的任何困难”，而不是“一些”困难，故用any。