2017届高考英语一轮基础知识复习课件：必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars（新人教版）

　　③It has been ________ ________ for more than 500 years. 它已经存在500多年了。 ④Nowadays, there are still many people wondering when the earth ________ ________ ________. 现在仍有很多人想知道，地球是何时产生的。 答案：①exist on　②There existed　③in existence　④came into existence 3．puzzle n．迷；难题　vi & vt. (使)迷惑；(使)为难 归纳拓展 puzzle about/over 苦苦思索；仔细琢磨 puzzle sth. out 琢磨出……的答案；开动脑筋 be puzzled by 被……迷惑 be in a puzzle about sth. 对某事感到不解 set a puzzle for sb. (＝set sb. a puzzle) 出个谜语让某人猜 be in a puzzle 不知如何是好 puzzled adj. 感到困惑的 puzzling adj. 令人困惑的 ③Where the missing plane has gone still remains a puzzle ________ us. 失联飞机去了哪儿对我们来说仍是个谜。 ④There was a ________(puzzle) look on the little girl's face because a ________(puzzle) problem ________(puzzle) her. 在这个小女孩的脸上带着迷惑的表情，因为一道令人迷惑的问题让她感到困惑。 答案：①puzzled　②about/over　③to　④puzzled; puzzling; puzzled 4．pull n. &vt. 拉(力)；托；牵引力 归纳拓展 pull through 康复；痊愈 pull back 拉回来；缩回；(使)后退；撤退 pull down 拉下(窗帘等)；拆毁；拆掉(房屋等) pull out 拔出；(列车等)出站；启程 pull in (列车等)驶进；到站；(船)靠岸 pull together 齐心协力；团结起来 pull sb. through (使)渡过危机(难关) pull ... up 把……往上拽；停止 pull over (机动车辆等)停靠(在路边)

　　③He pulled ________ his coat and joined us in the work. 他脱去上衣，便和我们一起干了起来。 ④The police car signaled to us to pull ________. 警车发出信号，要我们驶向路边停靠。 答案：①out　②down　③off　④in 1.prevent/stop/keep ... from ... 阻止/防止……做/发生 归纳拓展 在主动语态的句子中，stop和prevent后的from可省略，但keep后的不可省略；在被动语态中，这三个短语中的from均不可省略。 比较：protect ... from ... 保护……不受……(伤害)

　　③The farmers ________ wheat ________ heavy rain with rain clothes. 农民们用雨布遮住小麦以防被大雨浇坏。 答案：①prevented/stopped/kept us from going　②was；prevented/stopped/kept from　③protect；from 2．in time 及时；终于 归纳拓展 on time 准时 all the time 一直；始终 at one time 曾经；一度 at a time 每次；逐一 at times 有时；间或 at all times 随时；总是 from time to time 有时；偶尔

　　in no time 立刻；马上 at no time 绝不 time and time again 一次又一次；一再 take one's time 别着急；慢慢来 keep up with the time 与时俱进

　　⑤Don't try to do everything at once; take it a bit ____________________. ⑥We arrived in the summer, just ____________________ to enjoy the midnight sun. 答案：①in time　②At no time　③at the same time　④At one time　⑤at a time　⑥in time

　　3．now that 由于；既然 归纳拓展 since与now that (既然)引导的原因状语从句一般置于主句之前；because(因为)引导的原因状语从句通常放在主句之后；as引导的原因状语从句一般位于主句前，也可位于主句后。此外，并列连词for也可表示原因，引导的原因分句只能放在另一个分句之后。

　　④He must be a good student, ________(因为) he's always careful with his lessons. 答案：①Now that(＝Since)　②Now that(＝Since)　③because　④for 4．in one's turn 轮到某人；接着 归纳拓展 in turn 依次；轮流；反之；反过来 by turns 轮流；交替地 take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事 It is one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 take one's turn 轮到某人 on the turn 正在转变；正在变化 out of turn 不合时宜地；鲁莽地 take a turn 转变

　　③It turned ________ that this young man was none other than the old man's son. 结果证明这个年轻人正是那位老人的儿子。 答案：①in　②to drive　③out

　　5．cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋 归纳拓展 cheer sb. up 使某人振作起来 cheer sb. on (比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励某人；为某人加油 Cheers! [口语](用于祝酒)干杯！

　　③I propose a toast to our friendship and cooperation. ________(cheer)! 我提议为我们的友情与互助，干杯！ 答案：①was cheered　②to cheer her up　③Cheers 1.So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved. 本句中的两个whether分别引导主语从句和宾语从句。

　　归纳拓展 whether与if引导名词性从句时的区别： (1)whether可以直接与or not连用，if不可以。 (2)引导位于句首的主语从句，用whether，不用if。 (3)引导表语从句和同位语从句，用whether，不用if。 (4)动词不定式之前用whether，不用if。 (5)介词之后的宾语从句用whether，不用if。 答案：①Whether we'll go camping tomorrow　②whether it is necessary for him to study abroad　③if you can help me

　　2．But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. 而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。 本句中的twice as ... as ...表示“是……的几倍”，该句型中的twice也可用half, one­third等词，表示“是……的一半/几分之几”。 归纳拓展 有关倍数的表达方式还有： ①倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as ... ②倍数＋as＋many/much＋名词＋as ... ③倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋than ... ④倍数＋the＋名词＋of ... ⑤倍数＋the＋(计量)名词＋of ... [温馨提示](1)在“倍数＋the＋名词＋of”结构中，常用的名词有size, height, weight, length, width等。 (2)两倍用twice或double，不到一倍用分数表示，三倍或三倍以上一般用times来表示，如three times, four times等。 　第一部分　必修三　 路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索 走向高考 · 英语 人教版 · 高考总复习 Unit 4　 Astronomy: the science of the stars 必修三 第一部分　基础知识聚焦 考点探究演练 2 基础知识巩固 3 基础知识晨记 1 基础知识晨记 Ⅰ.单词速记 A．快速识记 1．________ n．卫星 2．________ n．气候 3．__________ n．宇宙飞船 4．________ n．引力；重力 5．___________ n．气氛；大气层 6．________ n．宗教→________ adj.宗教的 7．________ n．生物→________ n．生物学家 8．________ n．物理→________ n．物理学家 9．__________ n．天文学→__________ n．天文学家 satellite　 climate　 spaceship　 gravity　 atmosphere　 religion religious

　　biology

　　biologist

　　physics

　　physicist

　　astronomy

　　astronomer

　　10．________ adv.因此；于是→ (同义词)___________________________ 11．________ vi.存在；生存→________ n．生存；存在 12．________ n．& vt.拉；拖→(反义词)________ n．& vt.推 13．________ prep.不像；不同→(反义词)________ prep.像 14．________ n．地球；球体→________ adj.环球的；全球的 15．________ adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→________ n．暴力 thus

　　therefore/consequently/hence

　　exist

　　existence

　　pull

　　push

　　unlike

　　like

　　globe

　　global

　　violent

　　violence

　　16．________ n．系统；体系；制度→___________ adj.系统的；有系统的 17．________ adj.有害的→________ n．损害；伤害→(反义词)________ adj.无害的 18．________ n．理论；学说→__________ adj.理论上的；理论的→____________ adv.理论上 19．________ n．谜；难题

　　v．(使)迷惑→________ adj.令人困惑的→________ adj.困惑的 20．____________ adj.基本的；基础的→____________ adv.根本上；从根本上→___________________ n．基础；根本 system

　　systematic

　　harmful

　　harm

　　harmless

　　theory

　　theoretical

　　theoretically

　　puzzle

　　puzzling

　　puzzled

　　fundamental

　　fundamentally

　　fundament/foundation

　　B．归类巧记 1．与“太空”有关的高频单词集锦 ①astronomy n． 天文学 ②astronomer n.

　　天文学家 ③astronaut n.

　　宇航员 ④gravity n.

　　万有引力 ⑤satellite n.

　　卫星 ⑥planet n.

　　行星 ⑦orbit n.

　　轨道

　　⑧spaceship n.

　　宇宙飞船 ⑨universe n.

　　宇宙 ⑩launch vt.

　　发射 ⑪explore vt.

　　探索；勘探 ⑫solar adj.

　　太阳的 ⑬shuttle n.

　　航天飞机 ⑭globe n.

　　地球；球体

　　2．表示“性格良好”的形容词荟萃 ①gentle

　　温和的 ②easy­going

　　随和的 ③outgoing

　　外向的 ④frank

　　直率的 ⑤generous

　　慷慨的 ⑥upright

　　正直的 3．un­前缀高频形容词全接触 ①like→unlike

　　不像的 ②able→unable

　　不能……的 ③acceptable→unacceptable

　　不能接受的 ④believable→unbelievable

　　不可相信的 ⑤certain→uncertain

　　不确定的 ⑥clear→unclear

　　不清楚的 ⑦comfortable→uncomfortable

　　不舒服的 ⑧fair→unfair

　　不公平的 Ⅱ.高频短语 1．及时_______________________________ 2．下蛋_______________________________ 3．生；分娩_______________________________ 4．轮到某人；接着_______________________________ 5．阻止某人做某事_______________________________ 6．挡住_______________________________ 7．感到高兴；振作_______________________________ 8．既然_______________________________ 9．爆发_______________________________ 10．密切注视；当心；提防_______________________ in time

　　lay eggs

　　give birth to

　　in one's turn

　　prevent sb.from doing sth.

　　block out

　　cheer up

　　now that

　　break out

　　watch out (for)

　　11．熟悉；掌握；理解____________________________ 12．对……有害_______________________________ 13．太阳系_______________________________ 14．二氧化碳_______________________________ 15．将要做_______________________________ 16．允许某人做某事_______________________________ 17．对……感到惊讶_______________________________ 18．在……的氛围中_______________________________ 19．奠定基础_______________________________ 20．一连串的_______________________________ get the hang of

　　be harmful to/do harm to

　　solar system

　　carbon dioxide

　　be to do

　　allow sb.to do sth.

　　be amazed at

　　in the atmosphere of

　　lay the foundation

　　a chain of

　　Ⅲ.佳句填空 1．________ was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental ________ the development of life. 水会对生命的发展起关键作用，这一点在当时并不太明显。 2．What it was ________(become) was uncertain ________ between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago ________ the dust settled into a solid globe. 它会变成什么，当时还没有人知道，直到38至45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球体。 3．What is even ________(important) is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on

　　________ surface. 更为重要的是，地球冷却了下来，地球的表面就开始出现了水。 4．So ________ life will continue on the earth for millions of years ________(come) will depend on whether this problem can ________(solve)． 所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。

　　5．I cheered up immediately and ________(float) weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin ________(watch) the earth become smaller and the moon ________(large)． 我立刻高兴起来，由于失重，我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。 答案：1.It; to　2.to become; until; when　3.more important; its　4.whether; to come; be solved　5.floated; watching; larger

　　Ⅳ.语法过关 主语从句 1．________ he considered a great proposal was turned down by the boss at the meeting. 答案：What　考查主语从句。句意：他认为很好的一个提议在会议上被老板否定了。空处引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语，不指人，故填what。

　　2．________ is known to all is that the Diaoyu Islands have belonged to China since ancient times. 答案：What　考查名词性从句。句意：钓鱼岛自古就属于中国，这是大家都知道的。what引导的是主语从句，并在主语从句中作主语。

　　3．—What has made John look like lacking sleep? —________ he had to prepare for the coming exam and stayed up last night. 答案：That　考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，答语是回答上面句子中的主语“What”的，故此句是一个主语从句，缺少引导词，而引导词在从句中不充当成分，故用“That”。

　　4．It remains to be seen ________ this plan is practical enough to keep the project going. 答案：whether　考查主语从句。句意：这个计划是否足够实用，以使这个项目继续下去还有待观察。it是形式主语，真正的主语是whether引导的从句。whether“是否”，符合句意。 5．It makes his life quite different ________ he has received higher education abroad. 答案：that　考查主语从句。本句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是“that he has received higher education abroad”。

　　Ⅴ.语篇填空 No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to a ①________(wide) accepted theory, the universe began ②________ a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies. For several billion years after ③________ “Big Bang”， the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What ④________ was to become was ⑤________(certain) until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago ⑥________ the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent ⑦________ it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It ⑧________(explode) loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, ⑨________ were to make the earth's atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear ⑩________ its surface. 答案：①widely　②with　③the　④it　⑤uncertain　⑥when　⑦that　⑧exploded　⑨which　⑩on 考点探究演练 1.harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的 归纳拓展 be harmful to sb. 对某人有害 harm n. & vt. 损伤；伤害 do sb. harm(＝do harm to sb.) 对某人有害

　　do more harm than good 弊大于利 There's (no) harm in (sb.'s ) doing sth. (某人)做某事(没)有害处 It does (no) harm for sb. to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事(没)有害处 mean no harm 没有恶意 harmless adj. 无害的 ②These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing serious harm ________ life and the environment. 这些天，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了严重的破坏。 ③If you want to solve the problem in this way, there is no harm ________ calling him. 如果你想以这种方式来解决问题，你不妨给他打个电话。 答案：①harmful　②to　③in

　　2．exist vi. 存在；生存；存活；继续存在 归纳拓展 (1)There exists/existed ... 某地有……；存在…… exist on (live on) sth. 靠某物生存 exist by 靠……方式为生 exist in 存在于……之中 exist as 作为……而存在；以……形态存在

　　(2)existence n. 存在；生存 come into existence 开始存在；成立 bring ... into existence 使……发生(产生) in existence 现存的；现有的 (3)existent adj. 存在的；现存的 　第一部分　必修三