2017届（全国卷地区）高考英语一轮复习学生手册：必修4 Unit 4《Body language》听课手册

　　Unit 4　Body language

　　假如你是李华，你和你的美国笔友John对中美身势语的差异做了一个简单的对比。请你根据以下表格内容完成一个关于中美身势语差异的英文报告，同时提醒人们在和外国朋友交际时注意正确使用身势语。

　　身势语 美国 中国

　　身体接触 　保持距离，较少接触，尤其是同性之间 　身体接触较多，例如女性之间可以手拉手等

　　伸舌头 　一种粗鲁的表现 　一种尴尬的表现

　　拍小孩的头 　给予安慰或鼓励 　表示喜爱

　　　精彩美文　

　　As we have more communication with foreigners, we should pay more attention to the differences in our body language.

　　As we see from the table, many differences exist between Chinese and American body language. For example, there are more touching gestures in China than in America. Women or girls in China often walk hand­in­hand, which is very rare in America. Also, Americans think it rude to put out one's tongue, while the Chinese often use this gesture when they are embarrassed. Furthermore, Chinese people will pat children on the head if they like them, while the Americans do so to offer encouragement or comfort.

　　In a word, only by fully understanding all the differences in body language can we expect to achieve proper communication.

　　　名师点睛　

　　1．文章体裁：说明文。

　　2．行文逻辑：引出话题→阐述差异→总结。

　　3．词汇短语：运用了较高级的词汇和短语。如：between…and…(在……和……中间), put out(伸出)，furthermore(此外)，in a word(总之)等。

　　4．句式句法：运用了多样化的句式结构。如：①介词短语作状语：between Chinese and American；②定语从句：which is very rare in America；③形式宾语结构：think it rude to put out one's tongue；④状语从句：when they are embarrassed；⑤倒装句：only by fully understanding all the differences in body language can we expect to achieve proper communication等。

　　Ⅰ.单词荟萃

　　1．________n．陈述；说明→________v．陈述；叙述；声明

　　2．________v．问候；迎接；打招呼→________n．敬礼；致意→________n．问候语；致辞

　　3．________vt.代表；象征→________n．代表

　　4．________n．社团；联系；联想→________v．使发生联系， 使联合→________adj.联合的；关联的

　　5．________adj.好奇的→________adv.好奇地

　　6．________v．接近；靠近 n．接近；方法；途径→________adj.可到达的；可亲近的

　　7．________vt.保护；保卫→________n．防卫；防卫设备；防御

　　8．________adj.主要的→________adj.(反义词)较小的；次要的

　　9．________vt.误解；误会→________n．误解；误会→________n．谅解， 理解

　　10．________n．安逸；舒适vt.减轻(痛苦，忧虑)→________adj.舒适的，安逸的

　　Ⅱ.短语检测

　　1．保卫……以免受……　___________________

　　2．防御，保障

　　___________________

　　3．与某人一起

　　___________________

　　4．很可能……；有希望……

　　___________________

　　5．相反

　　___________________

　　6．总的来说；通常

　　___________________

　　7．对……感到紧张

　　___________________

　　8．舒适；快活；自由自在

　　___________________

　　9．丢脸

　　___________________

　　10．渴望……；愿意……

　　___________________

　　Ⅲ.佳句再现

　　1．Not all cultures greet each other the same way, ______________ are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.

　　各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度也并不一样。

　　2．However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and ____________________touch them.

　　不过，来自西班牙、意大利或南美国家的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且更可能会(用身体)接触对方。

　　3．The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely ____________Julia Smith from Britain.

　　第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。

　　4．①In general, though, ________________ international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's world of cultural crossroads!

　　但总的来说，在当今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定能帮助我们避免交往中的困难！

　　②____________ and shaking it almost always means that someone is angry and threatening another person.

　　握紧拳头并且晃动几乎总是意味着一个人生气了并威胁另一个人。

　　③In most places around the world, frowning and ____________________________someone shows anger.

　　在世界上的绝大多数地方，皱眉和背对别人表示愤怒。

　　④______________from people or yawning will, in most cases, make me appear to be uninterested.

　　大多数情况下，不去看别人或者是打哈欠会让自己显得对什么都不感兴趣。

　　5．____________ so many cultural differences between people, it is great to have some similarities in body language.

　　尽管人们之间有这么多的文化差异，但好在肢体语言有一些相似之处。

　　Ⅳ.课文回顾

　　Body language is a 1.________ (use) tool in communicating with others. 2.________， different countries have different customs and even the same gesture has different meanings in different countries. Therefore, it's important for us 3.___ _____ (have) a good knowledge of the meaning of gestures. For example, 4.________ (nod) one's head means “yes” in some countries, but on the contrary, in other countries, it means “no”. English people do not usually stand close 5.________ others or touch strangers as soon as they meet. However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others 6.________ (close) and are more likely 7.________ (touch) them. Most people around the world now greet each other by shaking hands, but some cultures use other greetings as well, such as the Japanese, 8.________ prefer to bow.

　　9．________ general, studying international customs can help avoid 10.________ (get) into embarrassment in today's world of cultural crossroads.

　　　单词点睛　

　　1 represent　vt. (to be a member of a group of people and act or speak on their behalf at an event, a meeting, etc.)代表；象征；(向人)说明

　　(1)represent…as…　把……描绘成……

　　represent sb as/to be

　　宣称某人为……

　　represent sth to sb

　　向某人说明/传达某事

　　(2)representation n．　表现；描述，描绘

　　(3)representative n.

　　代表

　　adj.

　　典型的，有代表性的

　　[温馨提示] represent作“说明，使明白，传达，表达”讲时，不能直接跟人作宾语，常用结构：represent sth to sb 或represent to sb sth。类似的单词还有：explain，guarantee，relate，say等。

　　【易混辨析】

　　represent, stand for与on behalf of

　　(1)represent指代表某人、某个团体、政府等，或指某种标志代表什么，某物表现/描绘的是什么。

　　(2)stand for 通常指字母、数字、符号等代表/象征什么。

　　(3)on behalf of 指代表/代替某人，只能作状语。

　　【活学活用】

　　(1)[2015·安徽卷·阅读E] In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.

　　在很多文化的欢庆活动中，像葡萄、面包和月饼这样圆形的食物，代表了家人的团聚。

　　(2)The competition attracted over 500 players________ 8 different countries.

　　这次比赛吸引了代表8个不同国家的500多名运动员。

　　(3)She was picked out from the whole class ________________ them at the other school.

　　她被全班选出来作为去另一所学校的代表。

　　(4)The study was carried out in one small town, so we couldn't be sure that the results were truly________．

　　这项研究是在一个小镇里进行的，因此我们不确定该研究结果是否真的具有代表性。

　　2 curious　adj. (having a strong desire to know about sth)好奇的

　　(1)be curious about sth对某事好奇

　　be curious to do sth

　　急于做某事，极想做某事

　　(2)curiosity n.

　　好奇心

　　in/with curiosity

　　好奇地

　　out of curiosity

　　出于好奇

　　【活学活用】

　　(1)[2017·四川卷·完形] She was surprisingly unafraid and seemed to be curious about what he was doing.

　　令人感到惊奇的是，她并不害怕，而且似乎对他正在做的事情很好奇。

　　(2)Though she ______________his past, she refrains from asking too many questions.

　　尽管她对他的过去很好奇，但她尽量避免问他过多的问题。

　　(3)The reporter is curious ____________(know) whether the official is involved in the case.

　　那名记者很想知道此案是否牵连那位官员。

　　(4)She opened her eyes and looked up at me __________ and hopefulness.

　　她张开了眼睛，用充满好奇和期待的眼神仰头看着我。

　　3 approach　vt.& vi. (to come near to sb/sth in distance or time)接近，靠近 n. (act of approaching)接近；(way of dealing with a person or thing)方法，途径

　　(1)approach sb for/about sth 　关于某事与某人商量/交涉

　　an approach to…

　　……的方法/通道……

　　(做某事的)方法/途径

　　(2)at the approach of…

　　在快到……的时候

　　make approaches to sb

　　设法接近某人

　　【活学活用】

　　(1)[2015·湖南卷·阅读C] Once lighthouses had telephones, keepers would call each other to warn that the inspector was approaching.

　　以前灯塔里有电话，看守人会互相打电话来提醒对方视察者来了。

　　(2)That's the nearest approach __________ an apology

　　from him.

　　那是他所能做出的最近似歉意的表示。

　　(3)The job market has changed and our approach to ____________ (find) work must change as well.

　　就业市场变了，因此我们找工作的方法也必须改变。

　　(4)Suddenly I saw a tall figure ______________ towards the policeman.

　　突然间我看到一个高大的身影正在朝警察靠近。

　　4 defend　vt. (to protect sb/sth from harm; to guard sb/sth)保卫，保护

　　(1)defend…from/against…　保卫……以免受……

　　defend sb

　　为某人辩护

　　(2)defence n.

　　防御，保卫；防御能力；防御物

　　in defence of

　　为了防御，为了保护，为了保卫

　　【易混辨析】

　　defend, guard, protect与preserve

　　这四个词都含“保护，保卫”的意思。

　　(1)defend vt.保卫，捍卫，防御；辩护。强调眼前存在危险，并暗示使用强力或其他应对措施来加以保护，同时也指法律中的辩护。应用范围很广， 对象可以是具体的， 也可以是抽象的，如保卫祖国，捍卫自己的权利、名誉等。如：

　　Defend oneself against the enemy.防御敌人。

　　(2)guard v．保卫，警卫，看守 n．守卫。指十分小心、警觉，注意观察、戒备以保护某事物，以防实际发生的或潜在的攻击或伤害。如：

　　The dog guarded the house.狗守护着房子。

　　(3)protect vt.保护……免受危险或伤害等，常与from, against 连用。这是一个通用的词，含有提供掩护、遮拦或其他屏障等安全方式来驱走不适、挡开伤害或进攻的意思。如：

　　Protect the children from harm.保护儿童免受伤害。

　　(4)preserve vt.保护，保存，保藏。正式用词，防止损坏或损毁，强调对现有事物完全保持现状不变甚至禁止使用，另指防腐。 如：

　　It was proposed that the house be preserved as it had been when Lu Xun lived in it.

　　人们建议把这座房子按照鲁迅当年居住时的样子保护起来。

　　【活学活用】

　　(1)Torrence expects to defend her title successfully in the next Olympics.

　　Torrence希望在下届奥运会上能够卫冕成功。

　　(2)More and more women today have learnt to arise ______________ their legal rights.

　　现在越来越多的女性学会站起来保护她们的合法权利了。

　　(3)The wall was built to defend the road __________ being washed away by the sea.

　　建这座防洪堤是为了保护这条路不被海水冲垮。

　　(4)He has hired a lawyer to defend him ________the allegations.

　　他已聘请了一位律师来针对这些指控为他自己辩护。

　　5 likely　adj.(probable or expected)可能的，预期的adv.或许，很可能

　　(1)It's likely that sb…＝sb be likely to do…　某人很可能……

　　not likely

　　绝不可能，绝对不会

　　(2)unlikely adj.

　　不大可能发生的

　　be likely/unlikely to…

　　很可能/不大可能……

　　[温馨提示] likely用作副词时，通常与most，very一起使用。

　　【易混辨析】

　　likely, possible与probable

　　(1)likely是常用词，指从表面痕迹来看很有可能。主语既可以是人也可以是物。可以说sb/sth be likely to do sth或“It's likely that…”但是不可以说“It is likely for sb to do sth.”。

　　(2)possible强调客观上有可能，但实际上可能性很小。主语不可以是人，只能用it作形式主语，构成：It is possible for sb to do sth.

　　(3)probable 语气比possible强，含有“很有可能，十有八九”的意思，构成：It is probable for sb to do sth.

　　【活学活用】

　　(1)[2015·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读C] Students who take a well­planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course.

　　利用一年时间好好规划的学生对于自己所选择的课程可能更加满意，也更有可能完成这些课程。

　　(2)You are likely to suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.

　　＝____________ you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.

　　如果你继续吸烟，你很有可能会健康状况不佳。

　　(3)[2017·天津卷·阅读D] A person who avoids exercising is ____________ to have illnesses than one who exercises regularly.

　　逃避锻炼的人比那些常锻炼的人更有可能患病。

　　(4)As with many technological revolutions, you ______________ be aware of it.

　　就像诸多的技术革命一样，你可能不太会注意到它。

　　　短语储存　

　　1 in general　总的来说；通常

　　in particular　尤其，特别

　　in secret

　　秘密地

　　in public　公开地

　　in short

　　总之

　　in brief

　　简单地说

　　in total

　　总共

　　in detail

　　详细地

　　【活学活用】

　　(1)[2015·陕西卷·阅读D] In general, about 20% of parental involvement was positive, about 45% negative and the rest statistically insignificant.

　　总的来说，约20%的家长介入是积极的，大约45%是消极的，其他的数据可以忽略不计。

　　(2)用in相关短语的适当形式填空。

　　①Everyone was doubtful at first, but his statement __________ held up.

　　②Women ____________like to shop for new clothes.

　　③His statement refers to people in general, not to anyone ____________.

　　2 at ease　舒适，快活，自由自在

　　(1)feel/look at ease　感到/看上去心情放松

　　put/set sb at one's ease

　　使某人放松、松弛

　　(2)take one's ease

　　休息，放松一下

　　(3)with ease

　　轻易地，毫不费力地

　　【易混辨析】

　　at ease与with ease

　　(1)at ease意为“(feeling confident or relaxed)安逸地，安心地，自在地”；with ease意为“(easily or without difficulty)轻松地，容易地”。

　　(2)at ease既可作表语，亦可作状语；with ease 只能用作状语。

　　【活学活用】

　　(1)[2015·浙江卷·阅读D] I spent eight to ten hours a day with Joe in the hospital, doing anything and everything I could to ease his discomfort.

　　我每天花八到十个小时在医院里陪着乔，做所有能够缓解他的不适的事情。

　　(2)用ease及其相关短语的适当形式填空。

　　①Anne was intelligent and capable of passing her exams ____________.

　　②His mind was________ and he felt confident in the future.

　　③The news that her child was safe ________ her mind.

　　④When you feel nervous, you'd better listen to some light music to ____________at ease.

　　3 lose face　丢脸

　　(1)save (one's) face　挽回(某人的)面子

　　face to face

　　面对面，直接交流

　　in the face of

　　面对，在……面前

　　(2)lose heart

　　泄气，灰心

　　lose one's heart to

　　爱上，钟情于

　　lose one's temper

　　发脾气

　　lose weight

　　减肥

　　lose one's way 　迷路

　　lose one's life

　　丧生

　　lose courage

　　丧失勇气

　　lose sight of

　　看不见

　　【活学活用】

　　(1)If Tom doesn't keep his promise, he'll lose face.

　　如果汤姆不信守诺言，他就会丢面子。

　　(2)用lose或face相关短语的适当形式填空。

　　①He said that he would never do it, because to do so would be to ____________.

　　②Even if they've often talked to each other on the telephone, they've never met each other ________________．

　　③When you are ____________ way, the most important thing is to keep calm.

　　　句型透视　

　　1 Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.

　　各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度也并不一样。

　　neither/nor/so＋系动词/情态动词/助动词＋主语

　　【句式点拨】

　　not all表示部分否定，意为“并非所有的都……”。英语中，含有整体或全部意义的词all，both，every，everybody，everything，always，entirely等与否定词连用时，表示部分否定。nor are they…people是倒装句。表示否定意义的状语或表语等位于句首时，句子通常采用倒装结构。

　　【相关拓展】

　　(1)“so＋主语＋系动词/情态动词/助动词”表示说话人同意对方的看法或对前文内容给予一种强调性的肯定，意为“……的确是这样”。如果前文有两个分句，或者既有肯定又有否定，要用“So it is with＋主语”或“It's the same with＋主语”句型。

　　(2)“主语＋do/did/does＋so”表示“某人这样做了”，本结构中的助动词不能改为be动词或情态动词。

　　【活学活用】

　　(1)[2015·北京卷·阅读D] The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new; nor are requests for more money to be sent from home.

　　大学生在经济上依赖父母并不是什么新鲜事，他们向家里要更多的钱也不是什么资讯。

　　(2)The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, ________ will he even give it a thought.

　　校长将不允许改变课程，他甚至对此不加考虑。

　　(3)[2017·广东卷·阅读C] In short, I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly. Neither ____________ my family.

　　总之，我没有轻易地决定申请灯塔项目。我的家人也是如此。

　　(4)Mike is from Canada and he speaks Chinese very well，so ______________ Ann.

　　迈克是加拿大人且汉语说得很流利，安也是如此。

　　(5)The doctor asked him to eat more vegetables, and he ________．

　　医生让他多吃蔬菜，他也这样做了。

　　2 With so many cultural differences between people, it is great to have some similarities in body language. 尽管人们之间有这么多的文化差异，但好在肢体语言有一些相似之处。

　　“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构

　　【句式点拨】

　　with so many cultural differences between people是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构，其基本句式为“with＋宾语＋介词短语/形容词/副词/非谓语动词”，此结构在句中作状语，表时间、原因、方式、伴随等，也可以作定语。

　　【活学活用】

　　(1)[2015·重庆卷·阅读A] I didn't expect anything when I handed in my paper to Mrs Smith, so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next day—with an “A” on it.

　　当我把试卷交给史密斯太太时，我什么也没指望。因此，当第二天我拿回试卷并看到上面写着“A”时，我感到非常惊讶。(with＋宾语＋介词)

　　(2)[2015·湖南卷·阅读A] People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone, quite unaware of what is going on around them.

　　所有年龄段的人都高高兴兴地沿着人行道走着，他们的眼睛和双手粘在手机上，完全不知道他们周围发生了什么事。(with＋宾语＋v.­ed)

　　(3)With so many messages from advertisers filling our daily lives, it is important to understand how advertisements work.

　　广告商用如此多的信息冲击我们的日常生活，了解一下广告运作确实重要。(with＋宾语＋v.-ing)

　　(4)With so many destinations to choose from, you are bound to have a good time in your vacation. 有这么多的目的地可以选择，你在假期一定会玩得很开心。(with＋宾语＋不定式)

　　(5)With D­economy __________(approach), people are becoming more and more attached to data.

　　随着“D经济”时代的到来，人们越来越依附于数据。

　　(6)The TV entertainment programme, The Voice of China, enjoys great popularity, with a large audience__________ (lose) in its live show.

　　综艺节目《中国好声音》很受欢迎，很多观众沉浸在它的现场表演之中。

　　Ⅰ.单句填空

　　1．__________________(misunderstand) by others when you do nothing wrong at all is quite a bad experience.

　　2．The earlier you get rid of smoking, __________________(likely) you are to protect yourself against serious illnesses in later life.

　　3．With the final exam ____________(approach), we are busy going over what we've learnt this term.

　　4．The Chinese mainland has 157 billionaires in 2017，____________(rank) second in the number of billionaires worldwide.

　　5．On the National Day, Tian'anmen Square looks even more beautiful ____________ all lights on.

　　6．Simon has lived in Spain for more than 10 years, but __________ (curious) enough, he can't speak a word of Spanish.

　　7．With only a few persons ______________ (greet) her, the old lady felt much left out at the party.

　　8．No one can avoid ________________(influence)

　　by advertising; it is everywhere.

　　9．The exhibition was organized by the school in __________(associate)

　　with local artists.

　　10．Parents, of course, will do everything they could ____________(defend)

　　their children from harm.

　　Ⅱ.单句改错

　　1．We have been working close with him for five months and he is in complete control of this.

　　2．She was the first woman winning the gold medal in the Olympic Games.

　　3．At

　　the press

　　conference he announced a personal decision, ended his career as a basketball player.

　　4．He is probable to get hurt because he always trusts people easily.

　　5．At the meeting they discussed three different approaches of the study of mathematics.

　　6．At the conference, political leaders from many countries promised to work together to defend the world for terrorism and other threats.

　　7．We would have avoided make such a mistake, but we did not follow his sound advice.

　　8．He sat back in the chair, took a book and began to read, looking rather at an ease.

　　9．The new cellphones have lots of functions, but as for me，they are not of great useful.

　　10．Frequently change your body from one position to another may be seen as a sign of nervousness.

　　完成课时作业(十九)

　　Unit 4　Body language

　　【基础自主梳理】

　　Ⅰ.1.statement; state　2.greet; greeting; greetings

　　3．represent; representative

　　4．association; associate; associated

　　5．curious; curiously 　6.approach; approachable

　　7．defend; defence 　8.major; minor

　　9．misunderstand; misunderstanding; understanding

　　10. ease; easeful

　　Ⅱ.1.defend…against　2.in defence 　3.together with sb

　　4．be likely to 　5.on the contrary 　6.in general

　　7．be nervous about 　8.at ease 　9.lose face

　　10. be willing to

　　Ⅲ.1.nor　2.are more likely to 　3.followed by

　　4．①studying　②Making a fist

　　③turning one's back to　④Looking away

　　5．With

　　Ⅳ.1. useful　2. However　3.to have　4.nodding　5.to

　　6．closely　7.to touch　8.who　9.In　10.getting

　　【考点互动探究】

　　单词点睛

　　1 (2)representing　(3)to represent　(4)representative

　　2 (2)is curious about　(3)to know　(4)with curiosity

　　3 (2)to　(3)finding　(4)approaching

　　4 (2)in defence of/defending　(3)from　(4)against

　　5 (2)It is likely that　(3)more likely　(4)are unlikely to

　　短语储存

　　1 (2)①in detail　②in general　③in particular

　　2 (2)①with ease　②at ease　③eased　④put/set yourself

　　3 (2)①lose face　②face to face　③losing your

　　句型透视

　　1 (2)nor/neither　(3)did　(4)it is with　(5)did so

　　2 (5)approaching　(6)lost

　　【步步跟踪验收】

　　Ⅰ.1.Being misunderstood　2.the more likely　3.approaching

　　4．ranking　5.with　6.curiously　7.greeting

　　8．being influenced　9.association　10.to defend

　　Ⅱ.1.close改为closely　2.winning改为to win

　　3．ended改为ending　4.probable改为likely

　　5．approaches后的of改为to

　　6．world后的for改为against或from

　　7．make改为making　8.去掉an

　　9．useful改为use　10.change改为changing /to change