情态动词与虚拟语气
一、考点解读
情态动词与虚拟语气有千丝万缕的联系,它们往往放在一起考查。在近年高考试题中,对情态动词的考查几乎每年都有。纵观近几年的高考试题可以看出,高考对情态动词的考查热点主要包括:
1. 准确把握情态动词表允许、推测、判断等用法。
2. 准确把握情态动词在虚拟语气结构中的使用。
3. wish, as if/though, if only, would rather+从句, It's time+从句等句型中的虚拟语气。
4. 表示“坚持、命令、建议、要求”的词汇后及各类从句中的虚拟语气。
5. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的倒装。
二、题例精讲
()1. They________ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
A.will
B.can
C.must
D.should
【解析】 D 考查情态动词的用法。should have done表达“本应该做……然而没有做成……”。C项有一定的干扰性,must have done sth表示“肯定做了某事”。
()2.If you________
smoke,please go outside.
A.can
B.should
C.must
D.may
【解析】 C 考查情态动词。must在这里表示“偏偏,非要”的意思。结合句意:如果你非要吸烟的话,请到外面去。所以选C。can表示“能力”;should表示“应当”;may表示“可能”。
()3.—I don't really like James. Why did you invite him?
—Don't worry. He
________
come. He said he wasn't certain what his plans were.
A.must not
B.need not
C.would not
D.might not
【解析】 D 考查情态动词。由后面的“not certain (不确定的)what his plans were”可以看出,他可能不来,所以选D。A项表示“不准,禁止”;B项表示“没必要”;C项不符合时态要求。
()4. —Where are the children? The dinner's going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they________
always late.
A. weren't
B. hadn't been
C. wouldn't be
D. wouldn't have been
【解析】 A 考查虚拟语气。由第一个人所说的话可以看出,他担心孩子们来了会把准备好的晚餐给破坏了,由此可以看出,第二句wish 后是对现在或将来的虚拟,用一般过去时即可。
()5. I ________ sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me.
A. had come
B. was coming
C. would come
D. would have come
【解析】 D 考查虚拟语气。由but 后的句子可知是对过去情况的虚拟,所以应该用would have done 结构。句意为:我该早来一会儿的,但是我不知道他们在等我。
()6.—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?
—I am afraid you________, in case he comes late for the meeting.
A. will
B. must
C. may
D. can
【解析】 B 考查情态动词。根据问题“要我马上告知他计划的改变吗?”可知答句为“恐怕你必须如此,以防他开会迟到”。
()7.—How's your new babysitter?
—We ________ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.
A.should
B.might
C. mustn't
D.couldn't
【解析】 D 考查情态动词。根据句意“你们的新保姆怎么样?”“我们不能再要求更好的了,孩子们都很喜欢她。”这里couldn't表示“不能……”,符合句意。should表示“应该,应当”;might表示“可能”;mustn't表示“禁止,不允许”。
()8. The police still haven't found the lost child, but they're doing all they
________.
A.can
B.may
C.must
D.should
【解析】 A 考查情态动词。can表能力。do all (that) one can意为“竭尽全力”。句意为:“虽然警察仍未找到那个失踪的孩子,但他们正竭尽所能。”
()9.—Why didn't you come to Simon's party last night?
—I wanted to, but my mom simply ________ not let me out so late at night.
A.could
B.might
C.would
D.should
【解析】 C 考查情态动词。答语句意:我本来想去,但母亲偏不让我深夜外出。would用于否定句中,表示“不肯,总是不”。
()10.I________ through that bitter period without your generous help.
A.couldn't have gone
B.didn't go
C.wouldn't go
D.hadn't gone
【解析】 A 考查情态动词。所填部分表示对过去发生过的动作进行猜测,应用“情态动词+ have done”句型,couldn't have done表示“过去本不可能做……(但做了)”,符合题意。
()11.—No one
________ be compared
with Yao Ming in playing basketball.
—Oh, you are really his big fan.
A.can
B.need
C.must
D.might
【解析】 A 考查情态动词。句意为:“在打篮球方面没有人能与姚明相比。”“呵,你真是他的粉丝。”根据句意可判断选A。
()12. If you ________
go, at least wait until the storm is over.
A.can
B.may
C.must
D.will
【解析】 C 考查情态动词。根据句意“如果你________走,至少要等到暴风雨停下来吧。”对比四个情态动词can“能够,可能”,may“可能”,must“必须,一定”及will“将要”可知答案为C。
()13. It ________ be the postman at the door. It's only six o'clock.
A.mustn't
B.can't
C.won't
D.needn't
【解析】 B 考查情态动词的用法。句意为:在门口的不可能是邮递员,现在仅仅六点钟。A项“禁止”;B项“不可能”;C项“将不会”;D项“不必”。根据句意和语境答案为B。
三、试题模拟
()1.When we worked in the same firm several years ago, we________ often go to the cinema together.
A. would
B. will
C. shall
D. could
【解析】 A 考查情态动词。句意:当几年前我们在同一家公司工作时,我们常常一起去电影院。would在这里表示(过去)常常。
()2.—Where is Lucy?
—I can't say where she is, but she ________ have gone to meet her classmates, for they want to go to Sichuan to work as volunteers.
A.can
B.should
C.must
D.may
【解析】 D 考查情态动词。这里表示对过去状况的推断,用“情态动词+have done”。从前面的“我不确定她在哪里”可知,用may have done,表示“过去可能已经了……”(不确定)。must have done表示“过去一定做了……”(非常确定);can have done用在此处不合适,should have done表示“过去本该做……(实际却没做)”。
()3.You
________ get a new bicycle as a reward for doing well in the following final exam.
A.must
B.will
C.shall
D.should
【解析】 C 考查情态动词。句意:你在接下来的期末考试中取得好成绩的话,会得到一辆自行车作为奖励。根据句意可知,此处要用表示许诺的情态动词shall。
()4.Had you listened to me, you________ in trouble now.
A. are not
B. be not
C.would not be
D. would not have been
【解析】 C 考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气中, 从句是表示与过去事实相反的假设, 主句表示现在可能会出现的状况, 主句中常常加now, today等时间状语, 这时主句谓语动词应该用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。句意:你要是早听我的话, 现在你就不会遇到这么大的麻烦了。
()5.I ________ you my bicycle, but I didn't expect you would come back so soon.
A.might lend
B.may lend
C.must have lent
D.might have lent
【解析】 D 考查虚拟语气。句意为:我本可以把自行车借给你的,但是我没有想到你会这么快就回来了。might have done表示本可以做某事而实际上没有做。
()6.The order came that the medical supplies
________
to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.
A.would be sent
B.should send
C.be sent
D.must be sent
【解析】 C 考查虚拟语气。当表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等意义的动词(如order,suggest,command等)后面接从句时,从句用虚拟语气,从句谓语用should+do,should可以省略。故选C。
()7.—If you
________
to my birthday party last Saturday, you would have met our old friend Jim.
—I caught a cold because I had been walking around in the rain.
A.came
B.had come
C.would come
D.would have come
【解析】 B 考查虚拟语气。从语意分析,这是非真实条件句中对过去状况的虚拟,主句谓语用should/would/could/might have done,条件句用过去完成时态,答案应该选B项。
()8.—Thank you for reminding me of the time, or I ________ late yesterday.
—Don't mention it.
A.should be
B.would be
C.will have been D.would have been
【解析】 D 考查虚拟语气。从语境可知说话人是在谈论昨天的事,因此要使用情态动词would+完成式。
()9.Without the help of my English teacher, I ________
the first prize in the English Speaking Competition.
A.would win
B.would have won
C.would not win
D.would not have won
【解析】 D 考查虚拟语气。这是一个隐含的虚拟条件句,含有if my English teacher hadn't helped me with my spoken English之意,表示与过去的事实相反,故用与过去相反的虚拟语气,因此D项符合题意。
()10.The purpose of education ________ be to provide students with a value system—not to prepare them for a specific job.
A.will
B.should
C.could
D.may
【解析】 B 考查情态动词辨析。句意:教育的目的应该是为学生提供一套价值观,而不是让他们为从事某一项特定的工作做好准备。情态动词should表示“应该”,合乎语境。
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