2017届高考英语（江苏专用）一轮复习讲义：Book 2 Unit 3（牛津译林版）

　　话题词汇

　　1.achievement n.成就；成绩；功绩

　　2.ambitious adj.有雄心壮志的

　　3.background n.背景

　　4.characteristic adj.典型的；独特的

　　5.contribution n.贡献

　　6.outgoing adj.爱交际的；外向的

　　7.outstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的

　　8.be gifted at对……有天赋

　　9.be enthusiastic about对……热心

　　10.make efforts to do sth.努力做某事

　　经典语篇

　　为了纪念特蕾莎修女，某英文报社组织了一次作文比赛，请你根据以下要点，以 “Life of Mother Teresa”为题，写一篇150词左右的介绍特蕾莎修女的文章参赛。

　　1.1910年生于南斯拉夫，20岁时去了印度当老师；1946年离开学校当了一名护士；

　　2.她心地善良，在印度帮助穷人、病人、无家可归的人等；

　　3.建学校和医院，到各地演讲，呼吁人们关心穷人；

　　4.1979年获得诺贝尔和平奖。

　　佳作欣赏

　　Life of Mother Teresa

　　Mother Teresa is one of the greatest women in the world.

　　She was born in Yugoslavia in 1910.At the age of 20，she went to India.There she first worked as a teacher. ① However，in 1946 Mother Teresa left the school and after that，she was trained to become a nurse. ②She was so kind that she began helping the poor，the sick and the homeless in India.Besides，Mother Teresa opened many schools and hospitals in poor countries.While she was traveling，she called on people to help those in trouble. ③ In 1979，she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for the love and the service she had given to unfortunate people.

　　思维发散

　　1.将第①句改为复合句

　　At the age of 20，she went to India，where she first worked as a teacher.

　　2.将第②句改为含有定语从句的复合句

　　However，in 1946 Mother Teresa left the school，after which she was trained to become a nurse.

　　3.将第③句改为省略句

　　While traveling，she called on people to help those in trouble.

　　Ⅰ.重点单词

　　A.写作单词

　　1.murder (vt.& n.)谋杀

　　2.rare (adj.)稀有的，罕见的

　　3.clothing (n.)衣物

　　4.quality (n.)品质；质量

　　5.indeed (adv.)的确，确实

　　6.native (adj.)本地的，本国的

　　7.whichever (pron.)无论哪个；无论哪些

　　8.widespread (adj.)广泛的，普遍的

　　9.outgoing (adj.)爱交际的；友好的；外向的

　　10.punishment (n.)惩罚

　　punish (vt.)惩罚

　　11.warning (n.)警告

　　warn (v.)警告；提醒

　　12.requirement (n.)要求，规定

　　require (v.)要求

　　13.entrance (n.)入口

　　enter (v.)进入

　　entry (n.)进入

　　14.survival (n.)幸存，存活

　　survive (v.)幸存；生存

　　survivor (n.)幸存者

　　15.death (n.)死亡

　　die (v.)死，去世

　　dying (adj.)垂死的；渴望的

　　deadly (adj.)致命的

　　16.shortly (adv.)不久，很快

　　short (adj.)短的；矮的；短缺的

　　shorten (v.)缩短，使变短

　　17.apply (vi.)申请；(vt.)使用，应用；涂，敷，施

　　application (n.)应用，运用；申请，申请表；涂抹，外敷

　　applicant (n.)申请人

　　18.inspire (vt.)启迪，赋予灵感；激励，鼓舞

　　inspired (adj.)受到启示的

　　inspiring (adj.)鼓舞人心的

　　inspiration (n.)灵感；鼓舞人心的人(或事物)

　　B.阅读单词

　　19.virus (n.)病毒

　　20.nationality (n.)国籍

　　21.status (n.)地位，身份

　　22.coincidence (n.)巧合，碰巧

　　23.data (n.)(pl.)数据；资料

　　24.companion (n.)伴侣；陪伴

　　25.candidate (n.)候选人；申请人

　　26.voyage (n.)航行；(尤指)航海，航天

　　27.signal (n.)信号；(vi.& vt.)发信号；表明

　　28.superior (n.)上级，上司；(adj.)更好的，更高的

　　29.content (n.)内容；(adj.)满意的；高兴的；(vt.)使满意

　　30.curious (adj.)好奇的，求知欲强的

　　curiosity (n.)好奇心；求知欲

　　curiously (adv.)好奇地；奇怪地

　　31.optimistic (adj.)乐观的，抱乐观看法的

　　optimism (n.)乐观，乐观主义

　　optimist (n.)乐观主义者；乐天派

　　32.disturb (vt.)打扰，扰乱

　　disturbing (adj.)令人不安的

　　disturbed (adj.)感到不安的

　　disturbance (n.)干扰；骚乱

　　Ⅱ.重点短语

　　1.set sail启航

　　2.look up to敬佩

　　3.result in导致，结果是……

　　4.come across (偶然)遇见；发现

　　5.be in control (of something)掌管，控制(某物)

　　Ⅲ.经典句式

　　1.By the 1920s，he had become an explorer，searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings.

　　到了20世纪20年代，他已经成为一名探险家，致力于寻找古埃及国王的陵墓。

　　2.He too visited the tomb，only to catch a high fever the next day.

　　他也去了陵墓，结果第二天就发高烧了。

　　3.If breathed in，they can result in illness or even death.

　　如果这些病毒被人体吸入，它们就可能会导致疾病甚至死亡。

　　4.They not only studied all the subjects required to be an astronaut，but also learnt survival skills and all about how spaceships and rockets are built.

　　他们不仅学习成为宇航员所必修的全部科目，还学习生存技巧，以及关于飞船和火箭制造的所有知识。

　　5.Although Yang did not get the best scores on every single test，it was his high scores on the psychological tests that finally won him the status of China’s first astronaut.

　　虽然杨(利伟)并非每项测试都得了最高分，但他各项心理测试所得的高分最终为他赢得了中国首位宇航员的身份。

　　1

　　curious adj.好奇的；求知欲强的

　　1be curious about对……感到好奇

　　be curious to do...极想做……

　　2curiosity n.好奇心；求知欲

　　from/out of curiosity出于好奇

　　with curiosity＝curiously好奇地

　　(1)Don’t be too curious about things you’re not supposed to know.不该知道的事别去打听。

　　(2)He is curious to know some news about Chang’e ­3.

　　他极想知道嫦娥三号的消息。

　　(3)Ryle accepted more out of curiosity than anything else.赖尔更多的是出于好奇才同意的。

　　多维训练

　　(1)同义句改写

　　The woman in the shop had looked at them curiously.(用curiosity改写)

　　The woman in the shop had looked at them with curiosity.

　　(2)翻译句子

　　她没道别就离开了，这很反常。

　　It’s very curious that she left without saying goodbye.

　　2

　　1breathe in/out吸进/呼出

　　2take/draw a deep breath深吸一口气

　　catch one’s breath屏息；喘口气

　　hold one’s breath屏住呼吸

　　lose one’s breath喘不过气来

　　out of breath上气不接下气

　　(1)When we breathe，the air goes into our lungs.

　　当我们呼吸时，空气进入肺内。

　　(2)The beauty of the scene made him catch his breath.

　　风景之美令他愕然止息。

　　(3)While climbing up the stairs the old man always loses his breath.

　　那老人上楼时总是气喘吁吁的。

　　多维训练

　　(1)翻译句子

　　①他赶上我时已经上气不接下气。

　　He was out of breath when he caught up with me.

　　②在乡下，新鲜空气呼吸起来很舒服。

　　In the countryside，the fresh air is comfortable to breathe in.

　　(2)He dived in the water and

　　to search for his girlfriend’s lost gold ring.

　　A.caught his breath

　　B.held his breath

　　C.lost his breath

　　D.took breath

　　答案　B

　　解析　句意为：他跳入水中，屏住呼吸来寻找女朋友丢失的金戒指。所以选择B。

　　3

　　[应试指导]　(1)同位语从句的考查　(2)虚拟语气的考查

　　[多词一义]　require，want，need

　　1meet/satisfy one’s requirements满足某人的要求

　　2require sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事

　　sth.require doing/to be done需要做……

　　require that...要求……从句中用虚拟语气，即should＋do，should可省略

　　(1)Its products met all legal requirements.

　　它的产品符合所有的法律要求。

　　(2)All the members are required to attend the meeting.

　　所有成员都被要求出席这次会议。

　　(3)She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.

　　她耐心地向学生们解释所有的规矩，并要求所有人遵守。(2015·广东)

　　多维训练

　　(1)同义句改写

　　①This wall requires repairing.(用不定式作宾语改写)

　　This wall requires to be repaired.

　　②The situation required us to make an immediate decision.(改为复合句)

　　The situation required that we (should) make an immediate decision.

　　(2)The boss

　　that Mary finish the work within a week.

　　A.claimed

　　B.needed

　　C.wanted

　　D.required

　　答案　D

　　解析　require后跟从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即(should＋) do形式。

　　4

　　[多词一义]　discourage sb.from doing...，prevent sb.from doing...，keep sb.from doing...，stop sb.from doing...

　　1discourage sb.from doing...阻止某人做……

　　2discouraged adj.气馁的，泄气的

　　3courage n.勇气

　　keep up one’s courage鼓起勇气；不泄气

　　lose courage丧失勇气

　　(1)His parents tried to discourage him from being an actor.他的父母试图阻止他去当演员。

　　(2)The failure was a big blow to him，but he wasn’t discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.

　　这次失败对他而言是重大打击，但是他没有泄气，很快热情如初。(2015·福建)

　　(3)He showed great courage and determination.

　　他表现得十分勇敢和果断。

　　多维训练

　　(1)同义句改写

　　He was discouraged by the unsuccessful attempt and decided to give it up.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)

　　Discouraged by the unsuccessful attempt，he decided to give it up.

　　(2)The news about the terrible flood there greatly discouraged

　　there for sightseeing.

　　A.us from going

　　B.us to go

　　C.our going

　　D.our to go

　　答案　A

　　解析　discourage sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事，故选A。

　　5

　　[应试指导]　虚拟语气的考查

　　1have a desire for sth./to do sth.渴望得到某物/做……

　　satisfy one’s desire满足某人的愿望

　　at one’s desire照某人的希望；应某人的要求

　　2desire to do...希望做……

　　desire sb.to do...希望某人做某事

　　(1)They seem to have lost their desire for life.

　　他们似乎已丧失了对生活的渴望。

　　(2)Our students come from different backgrounds but have the same desire to learn on­line.

　　我们的学生来自不同的背景但是同样都渴望在网上学习。(2015·安徽)

　　(3)He desired me to inform her that he had made his peace with God.

　　他想让我告诉她他已接受了上天的安排。

　　[特别提醒]

　　desire后接宾语从句、同位语从句或表语从句时，从句中使用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。

　　多维训练

　　(1)用所给词的适当形式填空

　　①His friendly warnings have caused the desired (desire) response.

　　②Anyone desiring (desire) to vote must come to the meeting.

　　③I desire that these letters (should) be burnt (burn) after my death.

　　(2)一句多译

　　他希望赢得这场比赛。

　　①He desired to win the game. (desire v.)

　　②He had a desire to win the game.(desire n.)

　　③He desired that he (should) win the game.(desire that...)

　　6

　　apply vt.& vi.涂；应用；使用；申请；努力学习；涉及

　　[应试指导]　申请类写作高频词汇

　　(1)apply (to sb.) for sth.(向某人)申请某物

　　apply to适合

　　apply sth.to sth.把某物应用(涂抹)于……

　　apply oneself to (＝be applied to)致力于/集中精力于……

　　(2)application n.应用，运用；申请，申请表

　　(3)applicant n.申请人

　　(1)Terms and conditions apply.

　　适用条件条款。(2015·福建)

　　(2)I could apply for the 2,000 yuan fund to lend a hand to my rural peer group.

　　我可以申请2 000元的基金去帮助农村的同龄人。

　　(3)Apply some medicine to his wound.

　　给他的伤口上点药吧。

　　多维训练

　　(1)用apply的适当形式填空

　　①The new technology，if applied to rice growing，will help increase the grain output.

　　②His application for membership of the organization was rejected.

　　③If the applicant is not a true candidate for the job，do not interview him.

　　(2)If you apply yourself to the job in hand，you’ll soon finish it.

　　①Applying yourself to the job in hand，you’ll soon finish it.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)

　　②Applied to the job in hand，you’ll soon finish it.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)

　　7

　　be superior to比……优越/高于

　　be inferior to 比……劣/差

　　be junior to比……年幼/地位低

　　be senior to比……年长/资历深

　　(1)We have a relationship infinitely superior to those of many of our friends.

　　我们的关系要比我们同其他许多朋友的关系好得多。

　　(2)He preferred the company of those who were intellectually inferior to himself.

　　他喜欢与那些智力水平不如他的人共处。

　　多维训练

　　用适当的介词填空

　　(1)The army is superior in number to its enemy.

　　(2)She now lives with her brother，her junior by 10 years.

　　(3)The position had to be filled by an officer senior to Haig.

　　8

　　[应试指导]　set短语语境词义辨析

　　set sail from...for...从……启航去……

　　set about 开始/着手做某事

　　set down记下；放下；让乘客下车

　　set out 动身；出发；开始做某事

　　set off 动身；出发；使爆炸

　　set up 建立；创立

　　set aside 留出；把……放在一边

　　(1)In 1891，at the age of 17，he set sail for Alexandria，Egypt.

　　1891年，17岁的他乘船去了埃及的亚历山大。

　　(2)We set sail from China for America.

　　我们从中国启航驶往美国。

　　(3)The hotel manager set aside two pleasant rooms for us.

　　旅店经理给我们留出了两间舒适的房间。

　　多维训练

　　(1)用适当的介、副词填空

　　①We set about discussing when and how we should finish the task.

　　②As a traditional way to celebrate the New Year，setting off firecrackers is welcomed by most Chinese people.

　　③Together the four men set out to look for the lost animal.

　　④For all three years I have been working for others.I’m hoping I’ll set up my own business someday.

　　⑤So set aside some time each day to write，even if it is only five minutes.

　　(2)Ralph W.Emerson would always

　　new ideas that occurred to him.(2017·陕西，18)

　　A.set off

　　B.set about

　　C.set up

　　D.set down

　　答案　D

　　解析　考查动词短语。set off出发，动身；set about开始，着手，后跟v.­ing形式；set up设立，建立；set down记下，写下，卸下。句意为：Ralph W.Emerson总是记下他的新想法。故选D项。

　　9

　　[应试指导]　come短语语境词义辨析

　　come about发生

　　come out出版；开花；发芽

　　come over过来；顺便来访

　　come to达到；总计；苏醒

　　come up走近；上来；发生；出现；被提及/讨论；长出地面，发芽；太阳、月亮升起；被提出

　　come up with提出

　　come down with患病

　　When it comes to...当谈到……

　　(1)I came across children sleeping under bridges.

　　我偶然发现睡在桥下的孩子们。

　　(2)In fact，when it comes to the art of war，ants have no equal.

　　实际上，谈到战争的艺术，蚂蚁无人能敌。(2015·安徽)

　　多维训练

　　(1)短语填空

　　①The sky was dark blue when the moon came up.

　　②I came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning.

　　③I came down with flu and was unable to go to work.

　　④Your most recent book came out last year.

　　⑤Several of the members have come up with suggestions of their own.

　　(2)I’ve got to go now.Something has just

　　at school and I’m needed there.

　　A.come to

　　B.come up

　　C.come in

　　D.come over

　　答案　B

　　解析　考查come短语的辨析。句意为：我现在不得不走了，学校发生了一些事，那里需要我。come up发生，上前，被提出，符合句意。come to想起，共计，苏醒；come in进来，到达；come over过来，顺便来访。

　　10

　　[应试指导]　其高级词汇是as a consequence

　　1as a result＝as a consequence结果

　　as a result of由于；作为……的结果

　　without result毫无结果地

　　2result from由……引起

　　(1)The typhoon has resulted in thousands of deaths.

　　台风已经造成了几千人死亡。

　　(2)We are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet.

　　我们的记忆力没有因为网络而变弱。(2015·安徽)

　　(3)There is nothing more exciting than to be shot at without result.

　　没有比被射击而未被击中更令人兴奋的事情了。

　　[图解助记]

　　多维训练

　　(1)同义句改写

　　His carelessness resulted in his death.

　　①He died as a result of his carelessness.

　　②He was careless.As a result，he died.

　　③His death resulted from his carelessness.(用his death作主语改写)

　　(2)用result短语的适当形式填空

　　His not studying hard resulted in his failure in exams and as a result，he was expelled(开除).Though he tried every means to save it，his attempts were without result and he had to drop out of school.

　　11

　　[应试指导]　写作高频词汇

　　in the control of受……的管理

　　beyond one’s control超出某人的控制范围

　　under control处于控制之下

　　out of control失控；无法管理

　　lose control of无法控制

　　take control of控制，取得对……的控制

　　(1)Enemy forces are in control of the city.

　　敌军控制着这座城市。

　　(2)I have to take the responsibility for something beyond my control.

　　我不得不对那些超出我控制范围的事情负责。

　　(3)She used diet and exercise to bring her weight under control.

　　她用节食和运动来控制体重。

　　多维训练

　　(1)同义句改写

　　①He is in control of the club.(用the club作主语改写)

　　The club is in the control of him.

　　②He lost control of his car.(用his car作主语改写)

　　His car was out of control.

　　(2)After his father died，he is in

　　control of the company.I mean now the company is in

　　control of him.

　　A.the；/

　　B./；the

　　C.the；the

　　D./；/

　　答案　B

　　解析　句意为：他父亲去世后，他控制着公司。我的意思是说，现在公司由他控制着。in control of控制……；in the control of 由……控制，被……控制着。

　　12

　　多维训练

　　(1)完成句子

　　①I think these traditional customs should be preserved(应该受到保护).

　　②No one could preserve him from(保护他免受) such a fate.He deserved it.

　　③Pantanal is one of the world’s greatest wildlife preserves(最大的野生动物保护区).

　　④The old building is in good preservation(保存得很好).

　　(2)—The town is so beautiful！I just love it.

　　—Me too.The character of the town is well

　　.(2017·江苏，23)

　　A.qualified

　　B.preserved

　　C.decorated

　　D.simplified

　　答案　B　

　　解析　句意为：——这座城镇太美了，我实在是喜欢它。——我也是。它的特色保存得很完好。be qualified合格的，有资格的；be well preserved保存完好的；be well decorated装饰得很漂亮的；be simplified被简化的。

　　13

　　多维训练

　　写出下列句中content的汉语意思

　　(1)She is reluctant to discuss the content of the play.内容

　　(2)There is a table of contents in front of a dictionary.目录

　　(3)I am very content with my life at present.满意的

　　(4)He wisely contented himself with his family and his love of nature.使满足

　　(5)I emptied the contents of the fridge into carrier bags.所容纳的东西

　　14

　　[词义辨析]　disturb，interrupt

　　(1)disturb指人心、睡眠、安静等被“打扰，扰乱”。

　　(2)interrupt突然中断、打断他人的言语或行为，使其不能继续。

　　多维训练

　　用disturb，interrupt的适当形式填空

　　(1)Heavy traffic disturbed the neighborhood.

　　(2)You’d better not interrupt him；he is absorbed in reading.

　　(3)It’s disturbing to see him coming when I am at my worst.

　　(4)TV Ears helps you listen to TV without disturbing others.(2015·北京)

　　15

　　多维训练

　　(1)用inspire的适当形式填空

　　①She had a sudden inspiration.

　　②She was one of the most inspiring people I’ve ever met.

　　③I was inspired to work harder than ever before.

　　④The car’s performance quickly inspires confidence in the drivers.

　　(2)同义句改写

　　North Korea was inspired by neighboring China and initiated economic reforms in 2002.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)

　　Inspired by neighboring China，North Korea initiated economic reforms in 2002.

　　16

　　He too visited the tomb，only to catch a high fever the next day.他也去了陵墓，结果第二天就发高烧了。

　　only to do...“不料……，反而……，结果却……”，是动词不定式作结果状语，表示意料不到的情况，有时前面也可不加only；而现在分词作结果状语表示“自然而然的结果”。

　　(1)He hurried to the airport only to be told that the film star had left.

　　他匆忙赶到机场，却被告知那位电影明星已经离开了。

　　(2)I tore the box，only to discover that some of the parts were missing.

　　我撕开盒子，却发现有些零件不见了。

　　多维训练

　　(1)He went to swim in the river nearby，never to come back again(结果再也没有回来).

　　(2)I opened the box only to find it empty(结果发现它是空的).

　　(3)Football is played in so many countries，making it the most popular sport(使得它成为最受欢迎的优育运动)in the world.

　　17

　　...it was his high scores on the psychological tests that finally won him the status of China’s first astronauts.……他各项心理测试所得的高分最终为他赢得了中国首位宇航员的身份。

　　(1)强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分(若被强调的是人，可用that或who；若被强调的部分是其他时，一律用that)。另外要注意：强调句型不能用来强调谓语动词，对谓语动词的强调一般是在动词前加do，does，did。

　　(2)强调句的一般疑问句结构为：Is/Was it ＋被强调部分＋that/who...?

　　(3)强调句的特殊疑问句结构为：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that...?

　　(4)对not...until...句型中的时间状语(从句)进行强调时的结构为：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分。

　　(1)In a word，it is polite words that will make your life become convenient.

　　总之，礼貌用语会使你的生活更方便。

　　(2)It was not until the area was seriously polluted that they realized that it was high time to take action to stop pollution.

　　直到这个地方被严重污染了他们才认识到该采取行动阻止污染了。

　　多维训练

　　(1)用强调句型强调句中的划线部分

　　I met him in the countryside last year.

　　①It was I that/who met him in the countryside last year.(强调主语)

　　②It was him that/who I met in the countryside last year.(强调宾语)

　　③It was in the countryside that I met him last year.(强调地点状语)

　　④It was last year that I met him in the countryside.(强调时间状语)

　　(2)—I’ve read another book this week.

　　—Well，maybe

　　is not how much you read but what you read that counts.

　　A.this

　　B.that

　　C.there

　　D.it

　　答案　D

　　解析　由句中“not how much you read but what you read”作动词count 的主语，选D项构成强调句型。

　　(3)—

　　has brought about the improvement of Chinese farmers’ living standards?

　　—The Party’s social benefiting policies，of course.

　　A.What is it that

　　B.What it is that

　　C.What is that

　　D.What is it

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查强调句型。句意为：是什么带来了中国农民生活水平的提高？——当然是党的惠农政策了。根据语境可知上文中是对被强调部分提问，在强调句型的特殊疑问句中，it和that都不能去掉，根据句意可知选A。

　　18

　　By the 1920s，he had become an explorer，searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings.

　　到了20世纪20年代，他已经成了一名探险家，致力于寻找古埃及国王的陵墓。

　　“by＋时间状语”的三种常见形式：by the end of.../by the time＋从句/by＋时间名词，常与完成时连用。

　　1by＋表示现在的时间，主句常用现在完成时。

　　2by＋表示过去的时间，主句常用过去完成时。

　　3by＋表示将来的时间，主句常用一般将来时或将来完成时。

　　(1)By now，five villagers have been attacked by the hairy creature.

　　到现在为止，已经有5个村民被那个多毛动物袭击了。

　　(2)He had finished his great works by the end of 1980.

　　到1980年底，他已经完成了他的巨著。

　　(3)The railway will have been completed by the end of next year.

　　这条铁路将于明年年底前竣工。

　　多维训练

　　(1)By the time the doctor

　　at the spot，the patient had already died.

　　A.had arrived

　　B.has arrived

　　C.would arrive

　　D.arrived

　　答案　D

　　解析　句意为：医生到达的时候，那个病人已经去世了。die这一动作发生在arrive之前，故主句用过去完成时，by the time引导的从句用过去时。

　　(2)By the time you have finished this book，your meal

　　cold.

　　A.gets

　　B.has got

　　C.will get

　　D.is getting

　　答案　C

　　解析　考查“by＋时间状语”的用法。句意为：到你完成这本书的时候，你的饭就凉了。by＋表示将来的时间，主句常用一般将来时或将来完成时。故选C项。

　　19

　　Would you rather be famous，or be very helpful but unknown？ 你想成为名人呢，还是想成为一名默默无闻的奉献者？

　　1would rather not do sth.宁愿不做某事

　　2would rather do...than do...

　　＝would do...rather than do...

　　＝prefer to do...rather than do...宁愿做……而不愿做……

　　3would rather have done...本想做……结果未做

　　4would rather后跟从句时，从句中要用虚拟语气；表示与现在或将来相反的愿望，动词用过去时；表示与过去事实相反的愿望，动词用过去完成时。

　　(1)Which would you rather have，apples or bananas?

　　苹果和香蕉，你宁愿吃哪种？

　　(2)He would rather die than give up his career.

　　他宁可死也不愿放弃他的事业。

　　(3)He preferred to be punished rather than give away his friends.

　　他宁愿受到处罚也不肯出卖朋友。

　　多维训练

　　用所给词的适当形式填空

　　(1)John wants to see me today.I would rather he came(come) tomorrow than today.

　　(2)I would rather have gone(go)to the theater last night，but I had to prepare for the exam.

　　(3)I would rather go(go) to work by bike than by bus.

　　20

　　In 1932，she became the first woman to fly alone across the Atlantic.

　　在1932年她成为第一个独自飞越大西洋的女士。

　　1动词不定式可以用来修饰人和物，一般置于被修饰的名词或代词之后，即后置定语。

　　2当被修饰成分前有序数词或最高级及the only，the very修饰时，常用不定式作定语。

　　3to come将来的；to spare剩余的。这两个短语常放在时间名词后面作后置定语。

　　(1)Jack is always the last to catch on my jokes.

　　杰克总是最后弄明白我的笑话。

　　(2)In 1875，Captain Webb became the first man to swim across the English Channel.

　　在1875年韦布成为横渡英吉利海峡的第一人。

　　多维训练

　　(1)完成句子

　　①莫言是第一位获诺贝尔文学奖的中国人。

　　Mo Yan is the first Chinese to win the Nobel Prize for Literature.

　　②他成为周游世界第一人的梦想实现了。

　　His dream of being the first person to travel around the world came true.

　　(2)Elizabeth Blackwell，who in 1849 became the first woman ever

　　a medical degree in the USA，fought

　　women’s rights bravely.

　　A.receive；for

　　B.to receive；for

　　C.get；against

　　D.to accept；for

　　答案　B

　　解析　句意为：Elizabeth Blackwell,1849年成为美国第一个得到医学学位的女性，勇敢地为女性权利而斗争。the first woman to do sth.第一个做……的女性；fight for为……斗争。所以选择B。

　　(3)Don’t be upset about missing Voice of China.The viewers will have

　　second chance to watch it on

　　Channel 4 tonight.

　　A.a；the

　　B.the；the

　　C.the；/

　　D.a；/

　　答案　D

　　解析　考查冠词。句意为：不用为错过了中国好声音而感到心烦。观众们今晚将再有一次机会在第四频道观看这个节目。“不定冠词＋序数词”表示“再一，又一”的含义；第二空后Chinnel 4为专有名词，前面不要冠词。故选D。

　　微写作

　　写作素材 (关于求职申请)

　　1.我想申请这份工作因为我渴望展示才华。

　　2.尽管我对我目前的工作很满意，但我想挑战我自己。

　　3.我开朗自信，希望我能满足你们的要求。

　　提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。

　　连句成篇 (将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)

　　I want to apply for the job because I desire to show my talent.Though I’m content with my present job，I want to challenge myself.I’m outgoing and confident and I hope I can satisfy your requirements.

　　Ⅰ.单项填空

　　1.She

　　the new laptop which she bought for her brother on the table and went out for supper.

　　A.set out

　　B.set up

　　C.set down

　　D.set off

　　答案　C

　　解析　考查动词短语。句意为：她把给弟弟买的新笔记本放在桌上就出去吃饭了。set down放下，记下，符合句意。因此选C项。

　　2.It’s not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to do

　　makes life happy.(2017·湖南，33)

　　A.that

　　B.which

　　C.what

　　D.who

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查强调句型的判定。句意为：让生活愉快的不是做我们喜欢的事情，而是喜欢那些我们不得不做的事情。强调句型的判断方法是将It is/was与that去掉，来验证句子成分是否完整。经判断句子“Not doing the things we like but liking the things we have to do makes life happy.”成分完整，结构正确，由此可以判定本句是强调句型，所以空格处应用that。本题中包含结构not...but...“不是……而是”，连接平行的并列结构。

　　3.While our city tries impatiently to change its appearance by tearing down old buildings，more and more citizens are suggesting ways to

　　the historically important architecture.

　　A.decorate

　　B.develop

　　C.preserve

　　D.advocate

　　答案　C

　　解析　preserve保护，符合句意。故选C项。

　　4.Is this your necklace，Mary？I

　　it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.(2017·湖北，26)

　　A.came across

　　B.dealt with

　　C.looked after

　　D.went for

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意为：玛丽，这是你的项链吗？今天早上我在清理浴室时意外发现了它。come across偶遇，意外发现，符合句意。deal with处理，对付；look after照顾；go for适用于。

　　5.Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only

　　it didn’t fit.(2017·天津，5)

　　A.to find

　　B.found

　　C.finding

　　D.having found

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查非谓语动词。句意为：她迫不及待地从包裹中拿出裙子试穿，结果发现它不合身。不定式作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果。

　　6.—I hear you worked very late yesterday.

　　—Yes，it had been completely dark by the time I

　　the office.

　　A.leave

　　B.left

　　C.have left

　　D.had left

　　答案　B

　　解析　考查动词的时态。根据语境，天几乎黑了发生在“离开”办公室之前，故主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。

　　7.All of the students were

　　by the

　　speech given by the headmaster.

　　A.inspired；inspired

　　B.inspiring；inspiring

　　C.inspired；inspiring

　　D.inspiring；inspired

　　答案　C

　　解析　inspired感到鼓舞的；inspiring令人鼓舞的。故选C项。

　　8.I often think of the great effort and courage it

　　for the man to come back to apologize.

　　A.made

　　B.spared

　　C.took

　　D.found

　　答案　C

　　解析　it takes courage to do sth.做某事需要勇气。故选C项。

　　9.Now a lot of new technologies can

　　problems in industry.

　　A.be applied to solve

　　B.be applied to solving

　　C.apply to solve

　　D.apply to solving

　　答案　B

　　解析　考查动词搭配。apply...to...表示“把……应用到……”，其中to为介词。故选B项。

　　10.Girls are always

　　about the private life of movie stars.

　　A.anxious

　　B.content

　　C.curious

　　D.serious

　　答案　C

　　解析　考查形容词辨析。句意为：女孩子们总是对电影明星的私生活感到好奇。be curious about对……感到好奇，符合句意。anxious焦虑的，渴望的；content满意的；serious严肃的，认真的，均不合题意。故选C项。

　　11.Is he really content

　　that little earning？Or can he get some extra pay?

　　A.to

　　B.with

　　C.for

　　D.at

　　答案　B

　　解析　考查固定短语be content with “对……满意”。故选B项。

　　12.I know that when he looks at his watch；it’s a

　　for us to start the attack.

　　A.sign

　　B.expression

　　C.meaning

　　D.signal

　　答案　D

　　解析　句意为：我知道当他看手表的时候就是要我们开始进攻的信号。signal信号，符合题意。故选D项。

　　13.The car was

　　and knocked into a tree.

　　A.in control

　　B.out of control

　　C.in the control

　　D.under control

　　答案　B

　　解析　be out of control失去控制。故选B项。

　　14.In April，thousands of holidaymakers remained

　　abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.

　　A.sticking

　　B.stuck

　　C.to be stuck

　　D.to have stuck

　　答案　B

　　解析　考查过去分词作表语。句意为：四月份，成千上万的度假者由于火山灰的影响而滞留国外。此处remain作系动词，后跟过去分词作表语，表示被动。故选B项。

　　15.We would rather our daughter

　　at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.(2017·陕西，23)

　　A.would stay

　　B.has stayed

　　C.stayed

　　D.stay

　　答案　C

　　解析　考查虚拟语气。would rather后跟宾语从句时，从句谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来事实相反，用“had＋过去分词”表示与过去事实相反。根据后一句中的is可知，此处动词应用过去式，故选C项。

　　Ⅱ.阅读理解

　　Hundreds of people flocked to the heart of Philadolphia，Pennsylvania，on October 21,2017 to witness Malala Yousafzai,17，receive the National Constitution Center’s 2017 Liberty Medal.Malala，who also won the Nobel Peace Prize，is a Pakistani youth activist who has become a champion of children and their right to an education since being shot by the Taliban three years ago on her school bus.The National Constitution Center’s CEO Jeffrey Rosen presented Malala with the Liberty Medal，an annual award that honors men and women who strive to secure liberty for people around the world.

　　After receiving the medal，Malala addressed the crowd.“It’s not just a golden medal which you wear，” she said.“It’s hope，it’s courage，and it’s support.” She added，“I accept this award on behalf of all the children around the world who are struggling to get an education.” Malala plans to donate the 100,000 prize that comes with the Liberty Medal to her home country of Pakistan to further education for young people.

　　Minnijean Brown­Trickey of the Civil Rights Movement’s Little Rock Nine—a group of African American teenagers who were a symbol of the ongoing fight over school segregation—spoke during the ceremony.“Malala reminds us of the power of pen over sword，” Brown­Trickey said.

　　Prior to the ceremony，Time for Kids(TFK) met with Kerry Sautner，the National Constitution Center’s Vice President of Visitor Experience and Education，to talk about the Liberty Medal and the inspiring young woman who was to receive it.Sautner described the process of choosing each year’s recipient.“There is a huge committee，and we also work with outsiders and do public polls，” she told TFK.“It takes a while to whittle(削减) it down to a few top players.”

　　The first Liberty Medal was awarded in 1989 to Lech Walesa，who went on to become the president of Poland.Twenty­six years later，Malala is the youngest­ever recipient，and the seventh to also win the Nobel Peace Prize.Sautner says that Malala and Walesa are both people who spread the concepts of freedom，equal rights，and liberty through their work.

　　Sautner added that not only does Malala have a powerful voice that speaks for children across the world，but she is a child，too.Malala’s age is one of the many reasons why she was chosen to receive the Liberty Medal，and why young people can learn so much from her.

　　As the youngest recipient of both the Nobel Peace Prize and the Liberty Medal，Malala has already displayed for the world her capabilities and plans for the future.Malala speaks out for the 57 million children worldwide who do not have the opportunity to attend school.She calls for countries to come together in peace，to lay down their weapons，and to use their money for education and schools，not wars.

　　Malala is an inspiring role model to many，and her accomplishments are extraordinary，especially considering she is very young.She reminds us that we are stronger than any challenge in our life.The world looks forward to seeing what she accomplishes next as she continues to be a voice for voiceless children of the world.

　　16.What drove Malala to become an activist?

　　A.That she was encouraged to do so.

　　B.That she wants to become famous.

　　C.That she was shot on her school bus.

　　D.That she was awarded the Liberty Medal.

　　答案　C

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...since being shot by the Taliban three years ago on her school bus.”可知答案为C项。

　　17.We can infer from the second paragraph that Malala

　　.

　　A.comes from a wealthy family

　　B.values the Liberty Medal very much

　　C.thinks she deserves the Liberty Medal

　　D.will leave school after receiving the Liberty Medal

　　答案　B

　　解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中马拉拉所说的“It’s hope，it’s courage，and it’s support.”可以推断出马拉拉很看重自己获得的这个奖项。

　　18.One factor in Malala’s winning the Liberty Medal is likely to be

　　A.her age

　　B.her capabilities

　　C.her nationality

　　D.her future plans

　　答案　A

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句中的“Malala’s age is one of the many reasons why she was chosen to receive the Liberty Medal”可知答案。

　　19.Which statement probably doesn’t belong to Malala’s opinions?

　　A.All countries should live in peace.

　　B.All people have the right to liberty.

　　C.More money should be used for education.

　　D.Education of poor areas should come first.

　　答案　D

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第七段最后一句“She calls for countries to come together in peace，to lay down their weapons，and to use their money for education and schools，not wars.”可知A、C两项正确；根据第一段中的“strive to secure liberty for people around the world”及第五段中的“who spread the concepts of freedom，equal rights，and liberty through their work”可知B项正确；D项在文中没有被提及。

　　20.Which of the following is TRUE about Malala according to the passage?

　　A.Malala is to get a position in TFK.

　　B.Malala is awarded a prize of 10,000.

　　C.Malala is the youngest winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.

　　D.Malala was shot by the Taliban while receiving the medal.

　　答案　C

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第七段第一句中的“As the youngest recipient of both the Nobel Peace Prize and the Liberty Medal”可知，马拉拉是迄今为止最年轻的诺贝尔和平奖以及自由勋章的获得者，故选C项。

　　21.What would be the best title for the passage?

　　A.A Voice for the Voiceless

　　B.Why Malala Won the Medal

　　C.The History of the Liberty Medal

　　D.Education Does Count

　　答案　A

　　解析　标题归纳题。文章主要介绍的是巴基斯坦女孩马拉拉为孩子们受教育的权利而斗争，并成为最年轻的诺贝尔和平奖以及自由勋章的获得者，因此A项是文章的最佳标题。

　　Ⅲ.书面表达

　　阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

　　What can you do when you are unhappy？If you want to let out your anger or pressure by breaking things，you just do.Now a school in Nanjing has built a “stress wall” to help students who feel unhappy due to heavy schoolwork or for other reasons.

　　The leader of the school said the idea of a “stress wall” started when footprints were found on some newly painted walls and some school windows were broken.

　　“These things happen because some students feel lots of pressure from their studies or because they don’t get along well with other students.When under stress，the body gets ready to either run or fight and becomes very nervous.Hitting the wall can help relax the body and take away stress，” he said.

　　“Tests and homework make me sad，” said a junior girl，“I can’t wait to hit the wall.It will help me a lot with my problems.” However，another girl student who wouldn’t give her name said，“The wall won’t help because it can’t talk，” and she added，“I need to talk to someone when I’m sad.”

　　写作内容

　　1.用约30个词概括这段短文的内容；

　　2.就“Should the Stress Wall Be Built”的话题发表你的看法，内容包括：

　　(1)学生的压力来源；

　　(2)是否该建此墙并说明理由；

　　(3)提供一些其他有效的减压方法。

　　写作要求

　　1.可以参照阅读材料但不得直接引用原文的句子；

　　2.作文中不得出现真实的姓名和学校名称。

　　评分标准

　　内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

　　参考范文

　　The passage conveys to us that to help students with stress，a school built a “stress wall” for students to relax，towards which students hold different opinions.

　　Nowadays，students are under great pressure，mainly coming from their school work as well as peer relationship.

　　As far as I am concerned，building a “stress wall” is not appropriate.For one thing，even if students punch the wall heavily，the true stress in the bottom of their hearts can not be let out.For another，this may lead to the results of solving a problem with violence or fixing a bad temper，which has bad effects on their health growth.

　　In order to relieve our stress，here are my suggestions.To begin with，we can design more outdoor activities for students to get rid of the stress.What’s more，it is strongly suggested that we can take part in some sports events，which can surely help students out of stress and improve their health at the same time.All in all，only when we let out the stress properly can we live a happy school life.