（豫皖京闽粤通用）2017届高考英语北师大版一轮自主复习学案：book6 Unit 16《stories》

　　话题词汇

　　1．literature n．文学

　　2．mystery story怪诞小说

　　3．science fiction科幻小说

　　4．writing career写作生涯

　　5．come out/be published出版

　　6．attend school上学

　　7．drop out辍学

　　8．be translated into...被翻译为……

　　9．adapt...for...把……改编为……

　　10．the Nobel Prize in literature诺贝尔文学奖

　　经典语篇根据提示用英语介绍二十世纪杰出的女性之一：海伦·凯勒(Helen Keller)。

　　内容要点如下：

　　1．海伦·凯勒：1880年6月出生于美国。她19个月大时，由于生病变得又聋又盲。从此她就生活在黑暗、寂静的世界里。

　　2．七岁时，她的父母给她找了一名老师——Miss Sullivan。Miss Sullivan在教海伦的过程中遇到了许多困难。由于海伦的坚强意志和智慧以及Miss Sullivan的技巧和耐心，她们克服了种种困难，取得了成功。

　　3．她完成了大学教育，获得了英语文学学位；致力于盲聋儿童的社会工作；著有多本著作，其中《我的一生》(The Story of My Life)最为著名。

　　注意：1.介绍须包括所有内容要点，但不要逐条翻译；

　　2．可以适当增加细节，以使内容连贯；

　　3．词数100左右。

　　参考词汇：意志和智慧will and intelligence；技巧和耐心skill and patience；英语文学学位a degree in English literature

　　佳作欣赏

　　Helen Keller was one of the greatest women in the 20th century.① She was born in America in June,1880.② When she was nineteen months old，she became blind and deaf because of a serious illness.From then on she lived in darkness and silence.

　　Her parents were greatly worried.When she was seven，they found a teacher，Miss Sullivan，for her.Miss Sullivan had a lot of difficulties in teaching Helen Keller，who was blind and deaf.With Helen’s strong will and intelligence，combined with her teacher’s skill and patience，they overcame all the difficulties.③ Helen Keller became an able student and graduated from a college.She finally received a university degree in English literature.Later on she devoted all herself to helping the blind and deaf children.She wrote many books and The Story of My Life is a remarkable one.④

　　思维发散

　　1．用分词结构连接第①、②句

　　Born in America in June,1880，Helen Keller was one of the greatest women in the 20th century.

　　2．用强调句型改写第③句

　　It was with Helen’s strong will and intelligence，combined with her teacher’s skill and patience，that they overcame all the difficulties.

　　3．用非限制性定语从句改写第④句

　　She wrote many books, among which The Story of My Life is a remarkable one.

　　Ⅰ.重点单词

　　A．写作单词

　　1．witness (v.)目击

　　(n.)目击者

　　2．occur (vi.)发生

　　3．tremble (vi.)颤抖，发抖

　　4．particularly (adv.)特别地；特定地

　　particular (adj.)特别的

　　5．loss (n.)遗失，丢失

　　6．gather (vi.&vt.)聚集

　　7．burst (vi.)爆炸；闯，冲

　　8．sorrow (n.)悲伤，难过

　　9．discourage (vt.)使泄气，使灰心

　　10．former (adj.)以前的

　　11．eager (adj.)渴望的，热衷的

　　12．gradual (adj.)逐渐的

　　gradually (adv.)逐渐地

　　13．breakthrough (n.)突破，重大发现

　　14．tense (adj.)紧张的

　　tension (n.)紧张

　　B．阅读单词

　　15．abandon (vt.)放弃，遗弃

　　(n.)放任，放纵

　　16．preserve (vt.)保护，保存

　　preservation (n.)保护；保养

　　17．sympathy (n.)同情

　　18．specific (adj.)详细的；特定的

　　19．significance (n.)重要性；意义

　　significant (adj.)重要的；重大的；显著的

　　20．vivid (adj.)生动的，逼真的

　　21．abnormal (adj.)反常的，不正常的

　　normal (adj.)正常的

　　22．admirable (adj.)令人钦佩的

　　admire (vt.)钦佩

　　23．severe (adj.)严重的；严厉的

　　24．restriction (n.)限制，约束

　　restrict (vt.)限制，限定

　　25．unbearable (adj.)不能忍受的

　　bearable (adj.)可忍受的

　　bear (vi.)容忍，忍受

　　26．stubborn (adj.)倔强的，固执的

　　27．troublesome (adj.)引起麻烦的

　　28．precious (adj.)宝贵的，珍贵的

　　29．expand (v.)扩大，扩充

　　expansion (n.)扩张

　　30．complex (adj.)复杂的

　　31．apparent (adj.)明显的，显而易见的

　　apparently (adv.)明显地，显而易见地

　　32．applaud (vi.&vt.)鼓掌

　　applause (n.)鼓掌；掌声；喝彩

　　33．suffering (n.)痛苦，困难

　　suffer (v.)遭受；受难

　　Ⅱ.重点短语

　　1．come into view出现

　　2．knock sb.over撞倒某人

　　3．once upon a time从前

　　4．block out堵住

　　5．in a way从某种程度上说

　　6．on one’s side侧身

　　7．on the way to在去……的路上

　　8．pay rise增加工资

　　9．split up(使)解散；决裂

　　10．name...after以……的名字给某人/某物命名

　　11．come across偶然遇见

　　12．hold up支撑起

　　13．count on依靠

　　14．figure out理解，弄清楚

　　15．end up以……结束，以……告终

　　16．in particular特别，尤其

　　17．put up with容忍，忍受

　　18．now that既然

　　Ⅲ.经典句式

　　1．Another man，lying on his side，looks as if he is trying to get up.

　　躺在他旁边的另一个人看上去好像在试图站立起来。

　　2．Now that Helen understood the key to language，she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.

　　既然海伦理解了语言之谜，她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它们。

　　3．Her words puzzled me very much because I did not then understand anything unless I touched it.

　　她的话使我感到非常困惑，因为那时我若不用手去摸，我就什么都不理解。

　　4．It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word—a word for something she couldn’t touch.

　　这是海伦第一次理解这么复杂的单词——一个代表她触碰不到的东西的单词。

　　5．Uncertain about how to fix them，she stopped to think carefully.

　　不能确定如何修理它们，她停下来仔细思考。

　　Ⅳ.课文语法填空

　　Around the end of the first century AD，a Roman writer 1.called(call) Pliny wrote about a volcanic eruption that he had witnessed 2.as a young man.The eruption had occurred on August 24th,79 AD.The tragedy left a deep impression 3.on Pliny who had lost an uncle in the event.4.However，more than 1,600 years later，some scientists started 5.uncovering(cover) the lost towns that were buried under the ashes of Mount Vesuvius.Pompeii is like a “time capsule” 6.preserving(preserve) a frozen moment in history.7.Before the eruption occurred，it had been a booming Roman city with temples，markets，restaurants and theatres.Today you can visit these buildings by walking along the 8.original(origin) streets of the city.And 9.more than 250 years after scientists found the city，thousands of tourists and hundreds of scientists visit Pompeii every year 10.to learn(learn) more about the ancient world.

　　1

　　abandon v.放弃stop doing；遗弃，抛弃leave；沉湎于；n.放任；放纵an uncontrolled way of behaving

　　[应试指导]　(1)后跟动名词；(2)过去分词作定语的考查

　　1abandon oneself to...纵情；沉溺于……

　　abandon doing...放弃做……

　　2with abandon放纵地；尽情地

　　3abandoned adj.被抛弃的；废弃的

　　(1)The authorities have abandoned any attempt to distribute food.

　　当局中止了分发食物的尝试。

　　(2)We are scared to abandon ourselves to our feelings in case we seem weak or out of control.

　　我们不敢放纵自己的情感，以免显得太过软弱或失去控制。

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①From James’s face，I could see he was terrified of being abandoned(abandon) by us.

　　②They were so excited that they jumped and shouted with abandon.

　　③Finally，we ended up in an abandoned(abandon) village.

　　④My doctor advised me to abandon smoking(smoke)．

　　(2)同义句改写

　　He abandoned himself to the Internet games and didn’t pass the exam.

　　①Abandoning himself to the Internet games，he didn’t pass the exam.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)

　　②Abandoned to the Internet games，he didn’t pass the exam.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)

　　2

　　preserve vt.维护；保留；保存；保护keep or save；n.保护区

　　1preserve...from/against...保护……免受……

　　be well preserved保存得很好

　　2in good preservation处于良好的保存状态

　　(1)We will do everything to preserve peace.

　　我们会尽全力维护和平。

　　(2)Pantanal is one of the world’s great wildlife preserves.

　　潘塔纳尔是世界上最大的野生动物保护区之一。

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①They were determined to preserve their leader from/against harm.

　　②At that time it was difficult to have one’s body preserved(preserve) after his or her death.

　　(2)完成句子

　　①I think these traditional customs should be preserved(应该受到保护)．

　　②No one could preserve him from(保护他免受) such a fate.He deserved it.

　　③—The town is so beautiful！I just love it.

　　—Me too.The character of the town is well preserved(保存得很完好)．

　　3

　　witness v.当场看到，目击；见证see sth.happen；为……的证据；n.目击者；证人a person who sees sth.happen；证据evidence

　　[应试指导]　无生命名词作主语时的写作词汇

　　1witness to doing...为……作证；出庭证明；证实

　　2a witness to...……的证人证据

　　bear/give witness to/against为……作证；证明

　　a witness for作证；为……辩护

　　(1)Police are appealing to any driver who may have witnessed the accident.

　　警方正呼吁曾目睹这起事故的司机协助。

　　(2)The Sichuan earthquake gave witness to the kindness of strangers in an emergency.

　　四川大地震见证了危难中的那些素不相识者的善举。

　　(3)He made a poor witness for himself.

　　他为自己做软弱的辩护。

　　多维训练

　　单句语法填空

　　(1)He witnessed to having seen(see) the man enter the room.

　　(2)His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.

　　(3)The past ten years has witnessed(witness) a boom in economy in my hometown，as a result of which people here are enjoying a far better life than before.

　　4

　　occur vi.发生happen；存在exist；出现；想法产生come into one’s mind

　　[多词一义]　occur，happen，come about，take place

　　sth.occurs to sb.某人突然想起某事；某人发生某事,It occurs to sb.that.../to do...某人突然想起……

　　(1)The crash occurred only minutes after the plane took off.

　　空难在飞机起飞几分钟后就发生了。

　　(2)Didn’t it occur to you that he was lying?

　　你当时没想到他在撒谎吗？

　　[特别提醒]

　　表示“某人想起……”的短语还有：sth.strike/hit sb.，sb.hit/strike on sth.，sth.come to sb.，sth.come into one’s mind等。

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①An idea occurred to me.

　　②An idea came into my mind.

　　③I hit/struck on an idea.

　　④It suddenly occurred to me that I hadn’t locked my door.

　　(2)单句改错

　　①A brilliant idea was occurred to me.去掉was

　　②When did the accident occur to？去掉to

　　5

　　burst v．爆炸；爆裂(to break apart)；胀开(to break open)；冲，闯；突然出现(appear suddenly)；n.突发；爆破；爆裂

　　burst in/into突然闯进；破门而入

　　burst out突然迸发；爆发；突然激动地喊叫

　　burst out doing...＝burst into＋n.突然做某事

　　burst with anger/joy勃然大怒/乐不可支

　　(1)The police burst in and arrested the thief.

　　警察突然闯进房间，逮捕了小偷。

　　(2)Much to my surprise，she burst into tears the instant she read the letter.

　　让我吃惊的是，她一读到这封信，就突然大哭起来。(2015·河南方城一中月考)

　　多维训练

　　(1)完成句子

　　①He felt he would burst with anger and shame.

　　他恼羞成怒，都要气炸了。

　　②When the school bus arrived at the zoo，the bus door burst open and all the children rushed out.

　　当校车抵达动物园时，汽车的门突然打开，孩子们冲了出去。(2015·湖北重点高中高三期中)

　　(2)同义句改写

　　Hearing the interesting story，all the people present burst into laughter.

　　Hearing the interesting story，all the people present burst out laughing.(2015·天津耀华中学高三期末)

　　6

　　discourage vt.使泄气，使灰心

　　[多词一义]　discourage sb.from doing...，prevent sb.from doing...，keep sb.from doing...，stop sb.from doing...

　　1discourage doing sth.阻止做某事

　　discourage sb.from doing sth.劝阻/阻止/不鼓励某人做某事

　　2discouraged adj.泄气的，沮丧的，灰心丧气的

　　3discouraging adj.令人泄气的，令人沮丧的

　　4discouragement n.劝阻；泄气，使人泄气的事，挫折，气馁

　　(1)I knew that nothing would ever discourage him；he would never give up wanting to be a director.

　　我知道没有什么会使他灰心，他永远也不会放弃想成为一名导演的愿望。

　　(2)His parents are trying to discourage him from being an actor.

　　他的父母竭力阻止他当演员。

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①If you meet with any difficulty in your study，don’t be discouraged(discourage)．

　　②The examination result is discouraging(discourage)．

　　③Let’s start a campaign to discourage smoking(smoke) among the teenagers!

　　④The loud music was a discouragement(discourage) to conversation.

　　(2)单句改错

　　①He was discouraged going there alone.discouraged后加from

　　②Unfortunately，what is coming out of the US is desperately

　　discouraged.discouraged→discouraging

　　7

　　eager adj.热切的；渴望的

　　be eager to do...渴望做……,be eager for...急于得到……,be eager that...热切地希望……从句常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should＋do”，should可省略,only too eager to do...过于迫切地想做……

　　(1)Robert was eager to talk about the life in the army.

　　罗伯特很想谈谈他的军队生活。

　　(2)She is so eager for success.

　　她太渴望成功了。

　　[特别提醒]

　　(1)表达“急切/盼望(做)……”的短语还有：be anxious for/to do...，long for，be greedy for，be hungry for，be dying for/to do...，be thirsty for，be keen on/to do...等。

　　(2)too eager to do...急于做某事……，而非“太着急而不能做……”。

　　[词义辨析]　eager，anxious

　　eager着重强调对美好事物的向往，可译作“渴望”，表示急于看到某事的发生。

　　anxious更多强调“焦急，忧虑”，表示担心某事发生。

　　多维训练

　　(1)用eager，anxious填空

　　①He is still absent，so I am quite anxious about his health.

　　②She is eager for her parents’ approval.

　　(2)单句语法填空

　　①The mother was eager to see(see) the doctor about her sick son.

　　②He was desperately eager that he (should) come(come) back after more than a week’s absence from school.

　　③Don’t be too eager to cut(cut) those who have disappointed you from your life.

　　④Remind yourself persistently to be aware but be eager for progress.

　　8

　　hold up举起；支撑起；耽搁；抢劫

　　[应试指导]　hold短语语境词义辨析

　　hold back阻挡；抑制；克制；控制

　　hold on to抓住；保留

　　hold out伸出；维持；给予希望；使有可能

　　hold on电话用语别挂断，等一下；坚持；紧紧抓住

　　hold down控制；保持

　　(1)What else held back stocks yesterday?

　　还有哪些因素抑制了昨日股市的表现？

　　(2)We can stay here for as long as our supplies hold out.

　　我们的供应品能维持多久，我们就能在这里呆多久。

　　(3)The moment you think about giving up，think of the reason why you hold on so long.

　　每当你想放弃的时候，想一想你坚持这么久的原因。

　　多维训练

　　用hold短语的正确形式填空

　　(1)The roof is held up by wood.

　　(2)Doctors hold out little hope of her recovering.

　　(3)The government took a series of measures to hold down prices.

　　(4)Emily Galvin，his lawyer，held back tears as Mr.South embraced his sons，aged 19 and 12.

　　(5)She held out her gloved hand to shake mine.

　　(6)He held on to a branch until we came to his rescue.

　　9

　　put up with忍受，容忍tolerate；stand；bear；live with

　　[应试指导]　put短语的语境词义辨析

　　put forward提出

　　put through给……接通电话to sb.；做完，完成；使经受痛苦

　　put aside把……搁一边；积蓄

　　put away收起；存钱；把……放回原处

　　put back放回原处；耽搁

　　put down放下；写下，记下；镇压

　　put on穿上；上演

　　(1)How do you put up with that woman?

　　你怎么能受得了那个女人？

　　(2)She has a few thousand dollars put away for her retirement.

　　她为退休生活积攒了几千美元钱。

　　(3)Soldiers went in to put down a rebellion.

　　士兵们攻进去镇压了一场叛乱。

　　多维训练

　　用put短语的正确形式填空

　　(1)He has put forward new peace proposals.

　　(2)We should put aside our differences and discuss the things we have in common.

　　(3)Hello.Could you please put me through to Mr.Brown?

　　(4)Hong Kong residents say they can no longer put up with the ongoing Occupy Central protests which greatly influenced their daily life and local business.(2016·屯溪一中月考)

　　10

　　loss n.遗失，丢失；丧失；损失；亏损

　　多维训练

　　用lose的正确形式填空

　　(1)Today we have chat rooms，text messaging，emailing...but we seem to be losing the art of communicating face to face.

　　(2)Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost for words.

　　(3)Listening to loud music at rock concerts has caused hearing loss in some teenagers.

　　(4)He enjoyed his music，lost in happiness.

　　11

　　gather vi. &vt.聚集

　　多维训练

　　单句语法填空

　　(1)The harvest has been safely gathered in this year.

　　(2)The students gathered around him and began to ask him questions.

　　(3)I waited while he gathered up his papers.

　　12

　　significance n.重要性；意义；含义

　　多维训练

　　(1)完成句子

　　①I attach great significance to the news.

　　我认为这消息具有重大意义。

　　②This fact has little significance for us.

　　这一事实对我们没有什么意义。

　　(2)Innovation in car design is very significant.(用“be＋of＋名词”结构改写)

　　Innovation in car design is of great significance.

　　13

　　gradual adj.逐渐的

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①I think cinemas will gradually(gradual) be replaced by TVs and computers in the next century.

　　②Recently，we have seen a gradual(gradual) trend towards healthier food.

　　(2)完成句子

　　①The change was so gradual that we hardly noticed it.

　　那项变化如此缓慢，以致我们几乎没有注意到它。

　　②Gradually，a picture came into view.

　　渐渐地，一幅图画映入眼帘。

　　14

　　expand v.扩大，扩充；膨胀，扩张；详述

　　多维训练

　　(1)用expand，spread，extend的正确形式填空

　　①Spreading her wings，the bird headed for the island.

　　②The headmaster extended our holidays by a week.

　　③Because the company was doing more business it was necessary to expand the factory.

　　④My oral English has improved，and my vocabulary has expanded.

　　(2)完成句子

　　①As children grow older，they expand their interests.

　　随着儿童的成长，他们的兴趣会变广。

　　②His company expanded into a big one.

　　他的公司扩大规模成为一个大公司。

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　　block out堵住，遮住；不去想，忘记

　　多维训练

　　单句语法填空

　　(1)When we saw the road blocked(block) with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.

　　(2)After the storm，many tall trees were blown down，blocking(block)out the roads.

　　(3)Once you learn how to block out your surroundings，your focus will improve.

　　16

　　Now that Helen understood the key to language，she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.既然海伦理解了语言之谜，她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它们。

　　句型公式：Now that...

　　now that既然，由于，是连词词组，引导原因状语从句，表示明显的原因或既成的事实。口语中that常可省略。

　　其他表示原因的连词或介词短语：

　　because因为语气较重，常用于回答why的疑问,since因为；既然可与now that互换

　　as因为语气较弱

　　for因为并列连词，引导一个分句，不能置于句首，表示进一步补充说明,

　　due to，because of，on account of，owing to，thanks to，as a result of等

　　(1)Now that the children have known the result，we can tell everyone else.

　　既然孩子们已经知道结果了，我们就可以告诉其他人了。

　　(2)Since we’ve no money we can’t buy a new car.

　　因为我们没钱，没法买新汽车。

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①Now that/Since you’re here，why not have a drink?

　　②Since/Now that it is late，I shall go home now.

　　③The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too large.

　　④It must have rained last night，for the ground is wet.

　　(2)单句改错

　　He was angry because what he said.because后加of

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　　Her words puzzled me very much because I did not then understand anything unless I touched it.她的话使我感到非常困惑，因为那时我若不用手触摸就什么都不理解。

　　句型公式：unless引导的条件状语从句

　　1unless“除非；如果不”，引导一个肯定的条件状语从句，从句有时可与if...not引导的否定状语从句互换。

　　2unless引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来意义，主句多用一般将来时。

　　3在unless引导的条件状语从句中，主语和部分谓语有时可以省略。

　　(1)Unless you are trying to lose weight to please yourself，it’s going to be hard to keep your motivation level high.

　　除非减肥是为了悦己，否则很难保持积极性。

　　(2)We cannot understand disease unless we understand the person who has the disease.

　　若不了解患者我们就不能了解疾病。

　　多维训练

　　(1)You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work(除非你全身心地投入到你的工作中)．

　　(2)翻译句子

　　要是不能额外弄一些钱，剧院将要关闭。

　　Unless some extra money is found，the theatre will close.

　　(3)同义句改写

　　I want you to keep working unless I tell you to stop.(用if从句改写)

　　I want you to keep working if I don’t tell you to stop.

　　——单句语法填空

　　(1)There was nothing left of the town.The earthquake of the previous year had destroyed(destroy) it completely.

　　(2)We were late.When we arrived，the show had started(start)．

　　(3)When the guard had inspected(inspect) the bag，he handed(hand) it back to Mark.

　　(4)My bike is broken.I’ll have it repaired(repair)．

　　(5)I’ll try my best to get my work finished(finish) as soon as possible.