单句语法填空/完成句子 ①They were observed ________ (open)the window and jump in the house.
他们被看到打开了窗户,然后跳进了房间。 ②American forces are ________ (observe)Christmas quietly.
美国部队正在悄悄地庆祝圣诞节。 ③The staff in the zoo kept the baby panda ________ observation.
动物园的职员密切关注着那只熊猫宝宝。 答案 ①to open ②observing ③under 【巧学助记】 各种“看”之口诀 看场电影用see,读书看报用read;电视、戏剧和比赛,凡是表演用watch;observe细观察,一时注意notice。 4.argue vi.争吵,争论vi.& vt.辩论,主张,说服
[教材原句] She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.
她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活,而不能用于娱乐或广告。 (1)argue with sb over/about sth与某人就某事争辩 argue for/against...赞成/反对…… argue sb into/out of doing sth劝说某人(不)做某事 (2)argument n.争辩;争论 beyond argument 无可争辩
单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The children are arguing ________ their parents ________ where to spend their holiday.
孩子们正在与父母争论到哪里度假的问题。 ②Do you argue ________ or ________ the economic reform?
你是赞成还是反对经济改革? ③[写作佳句]He ____________ smoking,and insisted that ____________________ smoking was harmful to health.
他反对吸烟,而且坚持认为吸烟有害健康是无可争辩的事实。 答案 ①with;over/about ②for;against ③argued against;it was beyond argument that
[一言串记] The workers,who argued for their own rights,argued with the boss for a few days,but failed to argue him into giving them a rise in wages. 为了自身的权利争论的工人们同他们的老板辩论数日,结果没能说服老板给他们加薪。
5.support vt.& n.支持;拥护;赡养
[高考例句](2015·浙江,阅读B)The graph has a title,a main idea,and supporting details.
图表有标题,主旨,和支持性的细节。
(1)support a family/oneself 赡养家庭/自力更生 support sb to do sth/in doing sth支持某人做某事 (2)in support of sb/sth支持或支援某人/某物 give/lend/offer support to sb支持/支援某人 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I will support ________ after graduation from college.
我大学毕业后要自力更生。 ②He had to do an extra job after work,for he had a big family ____________(support).
他下班后得从事另外的工作,因为他有一大家人要养活。 ③[写作佳句] I will stand by you forever whenever it is.=I will ________________ you forever whenever it is.
无论何时,我都将永远支持你。 答案 ①myself ②to support ③support/be in support of/give support to
[短 语 点 拨] 1.refer to 谈到;查阅;参考
[高考例句](2015·天津,阅读A)If,one week from the date of written notice,the pet is not removed,the student is referred to the Student Court.
如果书面通知之日起一个星期后,宠物还没有弄走,这个学生将被提交给学生法庭。
(1)refer...to...把……提交给…… refer to...as...把……称作…… refer sb to sth让(人)参考……,让(人)参阅…… (2)reference n.提及,涉及;参考,参考书 for reference以备查阅 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The teacher often refers his pupils ________ this dictionary.
那个老师经常让他的学生去查这本词典。 ②I didn’t know whom she was ________ (refer)to.
我不知道她指的是谁。 ③[写作佳句] Some people ________________ bad luck instead of lack of ability.
有些人把自己所有的困难都归咎于运气不佳,而不认为是缺乏能力。 答案 ①to ②referring ③refer all the troubles to
[一句辨异] When I meet with new words,I often refer to the dictionary.If you don’t know a word,you can look it up in a dictionary,too. 当遇到生词时,我经常查词典。如果你不认识一个单词,你也可以查词典。 2.come across (偶然)遇见;碰见
[高考例句](2015·重庆,阅读D)You are very likely to come across large wild animals,too.
你也很可能会遇到较大的野生动物。
come about 发生 come on 快点;加油;出场;改进 come out 出现;开花;发行;发表 come up (问题、计划等)被提出;升起;长出地面 come up with 提出 come to到达;共计;达到 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①One day I came ________ an article about an English professor at a nearby state college.
一天,我偶然读到一篇文章,它是关于附近一所州立大学的英语教授的。 ②How did it come ________ that humans speak so many different languages?
人类怎么会说这么多种不同的语言,这种情况是如何产生的呢?
③[写作佳句]I happened to meet him in the street yesterday.
=I ________________ him in the street yesterday.
昨天我在街上无意中碰到了他。 答案 ①across ②about ③came across/ran across/ran into/met with 特别提示:表示“偶然遇到”的常见短语还有:meet with;run into;run across;meet...by chance/accident等。
[句 式 透 析] 1.[教材原句] Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.
突然我想起在那个年代,一个女子去学医是何等难啊。 “It hit(s)me+从句”结构,意思是“我突然想到……”,it在句中作形式主语。类似的结构还有: It occurs to sb that...(某人)突然想到…… It strikes sb that...(某人)突然想到…… It happens that...碰巧…… 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Didn’t ________ hit you that he might be interested in it?
你当时没有想到他可能对此事感兴趣吗? ②It didn’t hit him ________ she would refuse his invitation.
他没有想到她会拒绝他的邀请。 ③[写作佳句] It ________ him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.
他突然想到第二天上午他要参加一个重要的会议。 答案 ①it ②that ③hit/struck/occurred to
2.[教材原句]Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.
她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙,这才使她得以开始自己的计划。 (1)only在句首修饰介词短语/副词/状语从句时,主句要用倒装语序,从句不用倒装语序。 (2)only在句首修饰句子的主语时,不用倒装语序。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Only by the year 1918 ________ Einstein do his research freely.
只有到了1918年,爱因斯坦才能自由自在地进行研究工作。 ②Only after you lose your health ____________ the importance of health.
唯有在失去健康之后,你才将意识到健康的重要性。 ③________________ find out the truth.
只有当他回来时,我们才弄明白了事情的真相。 答案 ①could ②will you realize ③Only when he returned did we
知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 Ⅰ.核心单词→识记·思考·运用 一、单词拼写 1.(2015·湖北,完形)Several boys were ________ (拥挤)around Chad. 2.(2015·新课标全国Ⅱ,阅读C)It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to ________ (支持)their study. 3.(2015·广东,阅读B)Besides,water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the ________ (荫). crowding support shade 4.*________ (激励)by the teacher’s words,he is determined to study harder than before. 5.(2017·新课标全国Ⅰ·阅读D)Turin has started a ________ (运动)to make such documents available not just to scholars but to the younger generations. Inspired campaign 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.*(2015·北京,七选五)But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and _____________ (achieve)in human history. 2.*(2015·新课标全国Ⅰ,七选五)Trust is a learned ________ (behave)that we gain from past experiences. 3.(2015·陕西,六选五)Happy and calm is the man who takes all these possibilities into ____________ (consider). 4.*Do you want to get the dictionary ________ (deliver)to your house or would you prefer to come to the shop for it? 5.*(2015·广东,阅读C)Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of ____________ (entertain).
achievements behavior consideration delivered entertainment 6.I will ask you some questions to test your __________ (observe). The most careful ________ (observe)will win a prize. 7.*There was a heated ________ (argue)about whether he was suitable for the position,and most of the people ________ (argue)for him. 8.*The rich man went abroad with the ________ (intend)of trying his fortune,while the poor man ________ (intend)to learn some skills of earning money. 9.*The _________ (organize) ________ (organize)the people present at the meeting into four groups,and Jack was involved in the __________ (organize)of the meeting. 10.He _________ (special)in the world’s ancient history.In other words,he is a ________ (special)in the world’s ancient history. Next week,he will make a speech ________(special)for us.
observation observer argument argued intention intended organizers organized organization specializes specialist specially 三、开心词场 The respected specialist from our institute delivered a speech about women of achievement.What he referred to was supported by a large crowd of audience.They were inspired by his being modest and outspoken.
【联想·积累】 ❶“鼓舞,激励”动词家族 ①inspire vt.鼓舞;激发 ②encourage vt.鼓励,激励 ③motivate vt.激发,激励 ④prompt vt.鼓励,促使 ⑤spirit up鼓励,激励 ❷后缀-ment 构成的抽象名词① ①achievement 成就;功绩
②adjustment 调整 ③advertisement 广告
④agreement 协议 ⑤amusement 娱乐,消谴
⑥announcement 宣布 ⑦appointment 约定
⑧argument 争论 ⑨arrangement 安排
⑩astonishment 惊讶 ⑪punishment惩罚
⑫amazement惊异,惊愕
❸高频词链条 ①intend vt.计划;打算→intention n.打算 ②behave vt.& vi.举动;(举止或行为)表现→behaviour(=behavior)n.行为;举止;习性 ③argue vt.& vi.讨论;辩论;争论→argument n.争论;争辩;争吵 ④organization n.组织;机构;团体→organize vt.组织→organizer n.组织者 ⑤entertainment n.款待;娱乐;娱乐表演→entertain vt.款待;使快乐 ⑥deliver vt.递送;生(小孩儿);接生;发表(演说等)→delivery n.发表;递送
Ⅱ.重点短语→识记·思考·运用 一、补全短语 1.move ________离开,启程,出发
2.crowd ________ (想法、问题等)涌上心头,涌入脑海
3.________ chance/accident碰巧,凑巧
4.*come ________ (偶然)遇见,碰见
5.*carry ________继续,坚持
6.devote...________把……奉献给 off
in by across on to 二、短语填空 1.I met Jim ____________ on the plane.We hadn’t seen each other for ten years. 2.*The talks were ____________
in spite of the complaints by both sides. 3.*I ____________ some old photos of the family when I was looking through the book. 4.The Browns are ______________ because Mr Brown is out of work.
by chance;come across;move off;crowd in;fight for;lead to;carry on;live a hard life by chance carrying on came across living a hard life 5.Seeing that we had noticed him,the little boy ____________ slowly. 6.Memories ____________ on me when I saw the film. 7.During that time,most of the people in that country ____________ freedom. 8.The car accident ____________ his being killed. moved off crowded in fought for led to 【联想·积累】 “动词+on”必备短语一览① ①carry on继续,坚持
②keep on继续前进/工作 ③live on继续存在,靠……为生 ④go on前进,继续 ⑤move on继续前进 ⑥insist on 坚持 ⑦pass on 传递 ⑧get on 上车 ⑨hand on 传送 ⑩rely on依靠,依赖 ⑪decide on决定,选定 ⑫depend on依靠,依赖
Ⅲ.经典句式→识记·思考·运用 1.①_____________ we are all interested in what people do and what they think.
这是因为我们都对人们所做和所想的感兴趣。
②Tom came late for the meeting.________________(那是因为) he was ill.
③____________(这就是为什么)they cannot be used everywhere.
This is because That was because This is why 2.①_____________(为什么不学习)at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work?
②____________(为什么不送)her some flowers?
③You’re looking tired._______________________(为什么不度假呢)?
Why not study Why not give Why not take a holiday 【联想·积累】 “因果句式”小结 This/That is because...这/那是因为…… This/That is why...这/那就是为什么…… The reason why...is that...……的原因是…… Ⅳ.单元语法→识记·思考·运用 主谓一致 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.The man together with his wife and children ________ (sit)there watching TV. 2.She is the one of those women who ________ (know)a thing about furniture. 3.A large quantity of water ________ (be)coming. 4.Not only the teachers but also the student ________ (have)read the book already. 5.He said that a number of people invited ________ (be)absent for different reasons.
sits knows is has were 【学法·点拨】 当用作主语的成分后面跟由but,except,besides,including,like,with,as well as,along with,in addition to,combined with,rather than,together with等引出的短语时,谓语动词习惯上要与这些结构前面的主语保持一致(即与比较远的那个主语保持一致,简称“就远原则”)。 [单 词 点 睛] 1.intend vt.& vi.打算,计划,想要;意指,意思是
[高考例句](2015·福建,阅读C)The advertisement is intended for students of all ages.
该广告的对象是所有年龄的学生。 intend to do/doing sth打算/想要做某事 intend sb to do sth计划让某人做某事 be intended for/to do...旨在,预定……用途;为……打算的 had intended to do...=intended to have done...本打算做…… 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①These books are intended ________ children only.
这些书是专门给孩子们使用的。 ②Tom intended ________ (study)abroad.
汤姆打算出国学习。 ③[写作佳句] She ________________ the early train,but she didn’t get up in time.
她本打算赶早班火车,可是起晚了。 答案 ①for ②to study/studying ③had intended to catch/intended to have caught
2.behave vt.& vi.举动;(举止或行为)表现
[教材原句]Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans.
简研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了,她帮助人们了解黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么的相似。
(1)behave well/badly to/towards sb对待某人好/差 behave oneself守规矩;表现得体 (2)well-behaved表现好的 badly-behaved表现差的 (3)behaviour n.举止;行为 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I want you to behave ________ while I am away.
我不在家时你要守规矩些。 ②Parents should be punished if their children behave ________ (bad).
如果孩子表现不好,父母应该受到惩罚。 ③[写作佳句] The child ________________ other guests at the party.
那个孩子在聚会上对其他客人非常礼貌。 答案 ①yourself ②badly ③behaved well to/towards
3.observe vt.观察;观测;遵守;庆祝
[教材原句] She spent years observing and recording their daily activities.
她花了多年的时间来观察并记录黑猩猩的日常生活。
(1)observe sb do sth观察/看到某人做某事(全过程) observe sb doing sth观察/看到某人正在做某事 (2)observe the traffic rules遵守交通规则 (3)observation n.观察;观察力;观测 under observation在监视下
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