2017高考英语备考复习学案：高考非谓语动词考点分析与突破

　　非谓语动词讲练（教师版）

　　第一课时

　　（一）非谓语动词的句法功能： 充当除谓语动词以外的各种句子成分

　　成分类别 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 宾补

　　不定式[(to)+ v] √ √ √ √ √ √

　　动名词 [Ｖ-ing] √ √ √ √

　　现在分词[Ｖ-ing]

　　过去分词[Ｖ-ed]

　　√ √ √ √

　　（二）非谓语动词的分类，意义，构成：

　　非谓语形式 构成 特征和作用

　　时态和语态 否定式 复合结构

　　不定式 to do

　　to have done

　　to be doing

　　to have been doing to be done

　　to have been done 在非谓语前加notnever

　　特别注意：

　　not having done;

　　one’s not doing / one’s not having done for sb. to do sth.

　　of sb. to do sth. 具有名词，副词和形容词的作用; 在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语

　　动名词 doing

　　having done being done

　　having been done

　　sb. / sb’s doing

　　作主语sb’s doing 具有名词的作用;在句中做主、宾、定和表语

　　分词 现在分词 doing

　　having done being done

　　having been done

　　具有副词和形容词的作用; 在句中做定、表、宾补和状语

　　过去分词 done

　　Ⅰ、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别：

　　一个单句只能有一个谓语，两个动作之间用 and 连接称为并列谓语，并列谓语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性；不用 and 连接时，只能用非谓语动词。如：

　　2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ____ the girl and took her away, ____ into the woods.

　　（04上海春季）

　　A. seizing, disappeared

　　B. seized, disappeared

　　C. seizing, disappearing

　　D. seized, disappearing

　　seized 和 took 是并列谓语，disappearing 是伴随状语。此题的关键是and 的位置，如果 and 在 disappear 前，则三个动词并列。

　　Ⅱ、非谓语动词作主语，注意以下两个重要问题：

　　第一 是并行结构问题 ，即主表一致性

　　如：Seeing is believing.

　　/

　　To see is to believe.

　　第二 需要注意的一些结构：

　　A) It’s no use (no good) doing sth.

　　如：It’s no use quarrelling with such a fellow .

　　B) 在 It’s + adj. 结构中基本用不定式作主语。注意两种句型：

　　It’s easy (difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary…) + for sb. to do

　　It’s kind (nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful,

　　thoughtless, brave, considerate (考虑周到的),mean(卑鄙的), silly, selfish (自私的) )后加 of sb. to do

　　Ⅲ、非谓语动词作表语

　　The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult.

　　(99 N)

　　A. not make

　　B. not to make C. not making D. do not make

　　动词不定式短语 to make life easier 及 not to make it more difficult 都作 purpose 的表语。

　　注意两个问题:

　　To see is to believe

　　二是时间问题：一般来说，不定式作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故在表示“目的（aim, purpose）、愿望(wish, hope)、梦想(dream)、需求(need)”等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。动名词作表语一般用来表示“身份、职业”等。

　　My job is teaching.

　　My dream of life is to become a scientist.

　　另外要特别注意现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。

　　现在分词说明主语所具有的性质或特征：The speech was inspiring.

　　过去分词多表示主语所处的状态或表被动：The students were greatly inspired.

　　Ⅳ、非谓语动词作定语

　　位置：单个分词做定语通常放在名词前，其余均放在名词后。

　　Do you know the student seated /sitting at the back of the classroom?

　　Have you read the news referring to house prices?

　　the concerned parents

　　忧心的家长

　　the parents concerned

　　相关的家长

　　高考题点击：

　　1. The flowers ____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.

　　（04上海）

　　A. to smell

　　B. smelling

　　C. smelt

　　D. to be smelt

　　该题的谓语动词是 attract，“闻起来很香”用来作定语修主语flowers。

　　2. A man is being questioned in relation to the ________ murder last night.

　　（04江苏）

　　A. advised

　　B. attended

　　C. attempted

　　D. admitted

　　“谋杀”只能被预谋，故该用过去分词作定语表示被动。

　　3. The picture _____ on the wall is painted by my nephew. (2000 北京春季)

　　A. having hung

　　B. hanging

　　C. hangs

　　D. being hung

　　hang 作及物动词用时表示人为的“挂”；作不及物动词用时表示东西挂在某处的状态。本句中的 hang

　　为不及物动词，所以用现在分词作定语。

　　非谓语动词作定语时要注意以下区别：

　　A) 分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系；a sleeping child,

　　B) 动名词作定语时只表示用途、功能等意义；a sleeping bag,

　　C) 不定式作定语时要注意以下一些固定结构：

　　在 ability, attempt, chance, courage, decision, effort, power, right , time 等名词后；

　　由序数词,only, last, next 或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语；如：

　　I don’t think he is the best man to do the job.

　　He is always the first / the last one to leave the office.

　　D) 表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法：

　　done 表示已经完成的动作：meeting held已经召开的会议

　　to be done 表示尚未开始的动作：a meeting to be held

　　即将召开的会议

　　being done

　　表示正在进行之中的动作：a meeting being held

　　正在召开的会议

　　Ⅴ 、非谓语动词作宾语注意点

　　1. How about the two of us ___ a walk down the garden?

　　(93 N)

　　A. to take

　　B. take

　　C. taking

　　D. to be taking

　　介词的宾语一般都用动名词，但是介词but/ except作‘除了’时可接不定式。

　　2. I don’t want _____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair. （2005天津）

　　A. to sound

　　B. to be sounded

　　C. sounding

　　D. to have sounded

　　3. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what _____ in my new job.

　　(2000 N)

　　A. expected

　　B. to expect

　　C. to be expecting

　　D. expects

　　注意1：仅带不定式作宾语的动词有：agree,

　　refuse, offer,

　　promise, decide,

　　determine,

　　intend,

　　manage,

　　fail,

　　hope,

　　expect,

　　long,

　　wish,

　　tend,

　　desire,

　　plan,

　　pretend, 等；

　　注意2：动词 know, show 等常带疑问词加 to do 作宾语。

　　注意3：在某些复合宾语中，用it做形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。consider / feel / think / find / make it + n./adj. + to do sth.

　　例如：I found it impossible to finish the work on time.

　　4. I really appreciate _____ to relax with you on this nice island.

　　(01 上海)

　　A. to have had time B. having time

　　C. to have time

　　D. to having time

　　仅带动名词作宾语的动词为：admit

　　advocate(提倡)　appreciate

　　avoid

　　delay

　　enjoy

　　escape 　excuse　 prevent

　　finish

　　imagine

　　mind

　　miss

　　practise

　　resist

　　risk

　　suggest

　　stand

　　forgive

　　keep

　　allow

　　permit

　　forbid

　　advise

　　可以用以下口诀进行记忆：

　　背景为你刚到一个新的单位。

　　避免错过欣赏，禁止推迟完成，继续忍受否认，承认盼望原谅，想象训练冒险，不禁介意空想，

　　建议考虑逃亡。

　　但如果在 allow

　　permit

　　forbid

　　advise后提到有关的人，就只能用不定式作宾补。如：allow sb to do sth

　　在动词 want, need, require, deserve 等词后加动名词作宾语时表示被动意义，相当于 to be done。

　　如：want doing = want to be done

　　5. --- You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. --- Well, now I regret _____ that.

　　(95 N)

　　A. to do

　　B. to be doing

　　C. to have done

　　D. having done

　　6. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _______ at the party, but not ______（2005北京）

　　A. to arrive; leaving

　　B. to arrive, to leave

　　C. arriving; leaving

　　D. arriving; to leave

　　7. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _____ for another hour.

　　(02 上海春季)

　　A. waiting

　　B. to wait

　　C. wait

　　D. to be waiting

　　特别注意：

　　带不定式和动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：remember, forget, regret, try, go on, mean, stop

　　stop to do

　　停止手中事，去做另一件事

　　stop doing 停止正在做的事

　　remember/forget/regret to do （指动作尚未发生）

　　remember/forget/regret doing（指动作已经发生）

　　try to do

　　（设法，努力去做，尽力）

　　try doing

　　（试试去做，看有何结果）

　　mean to do（打算做，有意做）

　　mean doing （意味着）

　　go on to do（接着做另外一件事）

　　go on doing（接着做同一件事）

　　can’t help (to) do

　　（不能帮忙做）

　　can’t help doing / can’t help but do

　　（忍不住要做）

　　要特别注意to的词性，分析其为介词还是不定式to。

　　8. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _____some schools for poor children. (01 上海春季)

　　A. set up

　　B. setting up

　　C. have set up

　　D. having set up

　　9. --- How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?

　　--- The key _____ the problem is to meet the demand _____by the customers.

　　(02 北京)

　　A. to solving … making B. to solving … made

　　C. to solve … making D. to solve … made

　　要特别注意 to 的词性，分析其为介词还是不定式。

　　be accustomed to 习惯于， be used to，stick to， turn to ，devote oneself to，be devoted to，

　　look forward to，pay attention to,

　　get down to，contribute to, lead to 等

　　非谓语动词（教师版）

　　第二课时

　　用动词的适当形式填空：

　　1.The young couple seated/sitting (seat/ sit) in front of me kept on talking during the film.

　　2.No one can stand being treated (treat) like this. He is so rude.

　　3.What will you do when you feel betrayed (betray) by your friend?

　　4.The flowers smelling (smell) in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.

　　5. I don’t want to sound(sound) like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.

　　6. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what to expect in my new job.

　　7. How about the two of us taking(take) a walk down the garden?

　　8. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to setting (set) up some schools for poor children.

　　9. They are accustomed to not talking (not talk) at meals.

　　10.As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not moving (move), and asked myself what I was going to do.

　　11. What do you think of the meeting held(held) yesterday.

　　12. The purpose of the activity is to teach(teach) the students how to cooperate with their teammates.

　　13. Women were forbidden to vote(vote) in that country by law.

　　14. The problem requires considering/to be considered(consider) again.

　　15. 判断正误：

　　Having not realized that he was in danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.

　　Not having realized that he was in danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.

　　Ⅵ 、非谓语动词作宾（主）补

　　做宾补的非 谓 语 常 见 动 词 与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念 例句

　　不定式 ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage 主谓关系。强调动作将发生或已经完成。 The teacher encouraged me to work hard.

　　have(), notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make sb. do sth.

　　I heard him call me several times.

　　Who would you like to have do the experiment?

　　现在分词 notice, see, watch, hear, find, have(), feel, keep, leave sb/sth doing/done

　　主谓关系。强调动作正在进行，尚未完成 I found her listening to the radio.

　　He has the machine running all the time.

　　I won’t have my students cheating in the exam. ()

　　过去分词

　　动宾关系。动作已经完成，多强调状态 We found the village greatly changed.

　　She was surprised that the washing machine she had had repaired went wrong again.

　　I heard her sing an English song just now. 刚才我听到她唱了一首英文歌。

　　(sing 是不带to 的不定式，做宾补，表主动、完成)

　　I heard her singing an English song when I passed her room yesterday.昨天经过她的房间的时候，我听见她在唱英文歌。

　　（singing 是现在分词一般主动式作宾补，表主动，正在进行）

　　I heard an English song sung by a little girl the other day. 几天前我听到一个小女孩唱了一首英文歌。

　　（sung 是过去分词作宾补，表被动、完成）

　　★改为被动结构时只有①中的非谓语动词需要改变.

　　She was heard to sing an English song at the party.

　　使役动词的宾语补足语

　　1)

　　make/let/have + 宾语 + do (但是 get + 宾语+ to do) (使/ 让/ 叫 某人去做某事);

　　Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. 妈妈让我去商店买些盐。

　　You may get your son to carry the heavy box for you. 你可以让你的儿子帮你被这个重箱子。

　　2) have + 宾语 + doing 使/让…… 持续地做某事；（疑问句、否定句）容忍，允许

　　get

　　+ 宾语 + doing 使/让…… 开始行动起来

　　His question got the students thinking. 他的问题使学生们思考起来。

　　I won’t have you walking home all by yourself.

　　我不会让你独自走回家的。

　　3) have/get /make+ 宾语 + done 使/让/ 叫…某事由别人去做；

　　have sth done 还表示“使遭受”；

　　I’ll have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天得（请人）修一下我的自行车。

　　Tom had his legs broken while playing football. 汤姆踢足球时伤了腿。

　　提别提醒：被动语态中，不定式做主语补足语时to 一定要加上。

　　Though he had often made his little sister cry, that day he was made to cry by his little sister.

　　4) leave/keep + 宾语+ doing 使… 保持某种状态

　　leave + 宾语 + undone 留下某事未做；

　　leave + 宾语 + to do / to be done 留下… 要去做/要被做

　　The guest left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious.

　　大部分的菜客人们都没有动，因为它们不可口。（被动、完成）

　　It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running. 你让机器一直开着是不对的。（主动、进行）

　　He went to the cinema, leaving me to do all the rest of the work.

　　他去看电影了，留下我一个人去做剩余的所有的工作。（主动、将来）

　　We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.

　　我们匆匆忙忙结束了会议，留下许多问题等待解决（被动、将来）

　　5) “主语 + be + said/believed/known/reported/considered等 + 不定式”，这个结构中的不定式做主语补足语。

　　He is said to have gone abroad.= It is said that he has gone abroad.据说他出国了。

　　He is considered to be the most diligent student in our class. 他被认为是我们班最勤奋的学生。

　　6) 特别注意： hope, agree, demand, refuse 等没有宾补。

　　1. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard.(95 N)

　　A. learn

　　B. to learn

　　C. learned

　　D. learning

　　使役动词 make sb. do sth.

　　但改为被动语态后，则应为：be

　　made to do。注意其它不带 to 的动词不定式的用法。

　　2. A computer does only what thinking people _____.

　　(99 上海)

　　A. have it do

　　B. have it done

　　C. have done it

　　D. having it done

　　此句中的 it 指代的是 a computer，what 在从句中作 do 的宾语，表示“人们让计算机所做的事“应该用 …people have a computer do …这一结构。需要注意的是 have 的几个常用结构：

　　have sb. / sth. do… ;

　　have sb. / sth. done …;

　　have sb. / sth. doing …;

　　have (有) sb. / sth. to do /to be done

　　3. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_____ the next year.

　　(2000 N)

　　A. carry out

　　B. carrying out

　　C. carried out

　　D. to carry out

　　that 引导的是定语从句，修饰 plan，在从句中作 see 的宾

　　语。因此从句中的结构应为 see the plan carried out。特别注

　　意现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别。

　　4. The missing boys were last seen _____ near the river.

　　(94 N)

　　A. playing

　　B. to be playing C. play

　　D. to play

　　感官动词后面的宾补若用不定式，则表示一个完整的动作；若用现在分词，则表示正在进行的动作。本句应理解为正在进行的动作。

　　特别注意： hope, agree, demand, refuse 等没有宾补。

　　5.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _____. (95 N)

　　A. not to B. not to do C. not to it D. do not to

　　为了避免重复，常用省略形式 to 来代替前面的动作。

　　如：Would you like to visit our school?

　　Yes, I’d like to.

　　I’m sorry if I hurt you, but I didn’t mean to.

　　但be、have (助动词)不可省

　　如：China is no longer what it used to be.

　　He hasn’t finished the job, but he ought to have.

　　非谓语动词（教师版）

　　第三课时

　　Revision

　　1. Mother got me to buy some salt.

　　2. I won’t have you speaking to your mother like that.

　　3. Tom had his legs hurt while playing football.

　　4. He went to the cinema, leaving me to do all the rest of the work.

　　5. A computer does only what thinking people have it do.

　　6. He hasn’t finished the job, but he ought to have

　　7. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.

　　8. I heard an English song sung by a little girl the other day.

　　Ⅶ、非谓语动词作状语（参看预习单）

　　一、不定式可作目的状语、结果状语等, 还可以用早某些作表语的形容词后面作原因状语。

　　I stayed there to see what would happen. 他待在那里，想看看会发生什么。（目的）

　　He hurried to the station only to find the train gone.他匆忙赶到火车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。（结果）

　　I am very glad to see you. 我很高兴见到你。（原因）

　　She is too tired to do the job. 她太累了，做不了那项工作。（结果）

　　二、分词在句中可以作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、伴随状语等。如：

　　Being sick, I stayed at home. 我因为生病待在家中。（原因）

　　Having been shown around the school , the experts gave our headmaster some advice.

　　带专家们转了我们的学校后，他们给我们的校长提出了一些建议。（时间）

　　United, we stand; divided, we fell. 团结则存，分裂则亡。（条件）

　　The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it .

　　那孩子跌倒了，头碰在门上碰破了。（结果）

　　The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students.

　　老师走进实验室，后面跟着一些学生。(伴随)

　　Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.

　　告诉他多次，他还是犯同样的错误。（让步）

　　三、注意点：

　　1.非谓语动词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致，构成主动或被动关系。

　　Hearing the news, tears came to her eyes.（错误）

　　Hearing the news, she burst into tears.

　　2.表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词while或when引导。如：

　　Be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时小心。

　　3.有时，“with或without + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 分词”的结构表示伴随状况或原因。

　　With all the work finished, he happily went home. 工作都做好了，他愉快地回家了。

　　4.当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词须有自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。这种结构在句中多作伴随状语。亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。例如：

　　T

　　The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off. 班长病了，我们还是延期开会吧。

　　Weather permitting, we will go out. = If weather permits, we will go out.

　　It being Sunday today, the library doesn’t open.

　　=Because it is Sunday today, the library doesn’t open.

　　5、某些固定结构中，分词的逻辑主语不受句子主语的限制，可独立使用，称为独立分词结构或悬垂分词。 这些结构有：

　　adv. (generally/frankly/personally/honestly/strictly …) + speaking, …

　　judging from / by…

　　从… …判断

　　considering … / taking…into consideration

　　supposing /providing / provided that …假如

　　given sth./ that…

　　假如，考虑到… …

　　例如：Judging by his dress, he comes from a wealthy family. Frankly speaking, I don't like him at all.

　　6、某些动词不定式常用作独立副词成分

　　To make things/matters even worse

　　To begin with

　　To tell you the truth

　　To be honest/ exact / strict / frank

　　Believe it or not

　　例如：To be frank (= Frankly speaking), I don’t like your attitude.

　　Believe it or not, he left me standing in the rain for nearly half an hour.

　　7、分词作状语相当于带有关联词的状语从句，所以，要注意不能再次使用关联词。

　　如：Having been told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it. （错误）

　　He was told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.

　　高考题点击

　　1. --- Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?

　　--- _____ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.

　　(99 上海)

　　A. Get B. Getting C. To get

　　D. To be getting

　　2. _____ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.

　　(01 北京春季)

　　A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept

　　不定式作目的状语，还可用in order to或so as to来加强说话的口气。但so as to通常不用于句首。

　　3. _____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.

　　(96 N)

　　A. Losing

　　B. Having lost

　　C. Lost

　　D. To lose

　　lose oneself in sth. 表示“陷入…”，主语 he 为 lose 的宾语。

　　4. He sent me an E-mail, _____ to get further information.

　　(00 上海)

　　A. hoped B. hoping

　　C. to hope

　　D. hope

　　注意 hoping 为伴随状语而非目的状语，真正的目的是后面的to get …。

　　5.He hurried to the booking office only _________that all the tickets had been sold out. （2006陕西卷）

　　A. to tell

　　B. to be told

　　C. telling

　　D. told

　　动词不定式表结果状语、往往表示出乎意料的，令人不快的结果; 句中tell和句子主语he之间是动宾关系，故用动词不定式的被动式。

　　6.Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, ______ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.（2005山东）

　　A. have reached

　　B. reaching

　　C. to reach

　　D. to be reaching

　　油价上涨的必然结果就是reach a record,故用现在分词作结果状语。

　　7. The research is so designed that once _____ nothing can be

　　done to change it.

　　(2002 N)

　　A. begins

　　B. having begun

　　C. beginning D. begun

　　once 在此处为连词，后面的分词必须考虑到与句子主语

　　的关系。begin为及物动词，意为“开始、启动”，与句子主语The research 为动宾关系，故该用过去分词。

　　8. Finding her car stolen, _____.

　　(2001 上海).

　　A. a policeman was asked to help

　　B. the area was searching thoroughly

　　C. it was looked for everywhere

　　D. she hurried to a policeman for help

　　本句要特别注意其逻辑主语。

　　注1：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须与句子的主语一致，构成主动或被动的关系。

　　9. In order to improve English,

　　. (2001上海)

　　A. Jenny’s father bought her a lot of tapes

　　B. Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself

　　C. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny

　　D. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny’s father

　　Jenny给自己买很多磁带以提高英语成绩，故只有B项的句子主语才和动词不定式表示的动作一

　　致

　　10. Having been attacked by terrorists, ____.（2004上海）

　　A. doctors came to their rescue

　　B. the tall building collapsed

　　C. an emergency measure was taken

　　D. warnings were given to tourists

　　现在分词和选项中的句子主语the tall building才保持一致，它们之间构成动宾关系

　　注2： 表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词while或when引导。

　　11. When _______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (浙江卷)

　　A. compared

　　B. being compared

　　C. comparing

　　D.having compared

　　析：此处是连词when + 分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个状语从句。但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个。此处从句的主语是we，compare 这个动作是we主动进行的，应用现在分词表示。

　　Ÿ注3：有时，“with或without + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 分词”的结构表示伴随状况。

　　12. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ______.（2005北京）

　　A. going on

　　B. goes on

　　C. went on

　　D. to go on

　　析： with结构在句中作状语, 现在分词作宾语补足语，宾语和go on之间是正进行的动作

　　Ÿ注4：当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词须有自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。这种结构在句中多作伴随状语。亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。

　　13. ______, the concert began.

　　A. The listeners having taken their seats

　　B. Having taken their seats

　　C. Having taken their places

　　D. Taking their seats

　　析：独立主格做状语。主语concert 不可能执行take the seat 这一动作，必须加the listeners 做逻辑主语

　　14. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest_____ in a year. （05湖南）

　　A. follows

　　B. followed

　　C. to follow

　　D. being followed

　　析：今天我先给你寄100美元, 其余的钱一年内陆续寄过去。the rest和to follow构成独立主格结构。不定式表主动和将来。

　　某些动词不定式常用作独立副词成分

　　15. _____ the general state of his health, it may take him a while

　　to recover from the operation.

　　(00 北京春季)

　　A. Given

　　B. To give

　　C. Giving

　　D. Having given

　　given 作状语意为“考虑到”，意思相当于 considering。

　　非谓语动词（教师版）

　　第四课时

　　Revision

　　1. He hurried to the station, only to find the train gone.

　　2. Being sick, I stayed at home.

　　3. Having been shown around the school , the experts gave our headmaster some advice.

　　4. The teacher came into the lab, following some students.

　　5. Hearing the news, she burst into tears.

　　6. If weather permitting, we will go out.

　　7. Judging by his dress, he comes from a wealthy family.

　　8. He sent me an E-mail, hoping to get further information.

　　判断正误:

　　1. Finding her car stolen, a policeman was asked to help.(错误)

　　2. Finding her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help.

　　3. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise going on.

　　4. I couldn’t do my homework while all that noise was going on.

　　5. The listeners having taken their seats, the concert began.

　　6. Having taken their seats, the concert began. (错误)

　　Ⅷ、非谓语动词的时态语态

　　非谓语动词的时态语态

　　使用非谓语动词的时候务必注意非谓语动词和主句的谓语动词的先后关系以及它和主句的主语之间的逻辑关系（是主动关系还是被动关系）。

　　1.I would love_____to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.

　　A.to go

　　B.having gone

　　C.going

　　D.to have gone

　　would love to do sth=would like to do sth想要做某事。

　　用不定式的完成时=I had wanted to go to the party：我原想/打算去参加晚会的（含义：没有去成）

　　2.Robert is said _____ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in. (99 N)

　　A. to have studied

　　B. to study

　　C. to be studying D. to have been studying

　　本题的关键是“what country he studied in”，由此可知（非谓语的）事情发生在过去。

　　Robert is said __C___ abroad, but I don’t know what country he is studying in.

　　Robert is said __B___ abroad, but I don’t know what country he will study in.

　　3.Do let your mother know all the truth.She appears________everything.

　　A.to tell

　　B.to be told

　　C.to be telling

　　D.to have been told

　　appear后面跟不定式。非谓语动词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，与tell之间存在被动关系，且动作发生在let之前。应该用不定式的完成被动式。

　　4.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _

　　____ whether they will enjoy it. (2002 N)

　　A. to see

　　B. to be seen

　　C. seeing

　　D. seen

　　remain 后接 to do，此处 it 指代的是后面的主语从句。他们是否喜欢有待于观察，此处应为被动。

　　5._______to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.

　　A.Exposed

　　B.Having exposed

　　C.Being exposed

　　D.After being exposed

　　该句缺主语，只能用动名词才能作主语。

　　对比：

　　(Having been )Exposed to sunlight for too much time,her skin will be done harm.

　　Exposed to sunlight for too much time,one’s skin will be done harm to.

　　Exposing one’s skin to sunlight for too much time,he or she will do harm to it.

　　6.________around the Water Cube,we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.

　　A.Having been shown

　　B.to be shown

　　C.Having shown

　　D.To show

　　非谓语动词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语we，与show之间存在被动关系，且动作发生在were taken之前。应该用现在分词的完成被动式。

　　Ⅸ、非谓语动词否定形式: 在非谓语前加not

　　(1) The teacher asked us______ so much noise.

　　A. don‘t make 　B. not make 　

　　C. not making

　　D. not to make

　　(2) ______ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.

　　A. Not completing

　　B. Not completed

　　C. Not having complete

　　D. Having not completed

　　(3) Victor apologized for _______ to inform me of the change in the plan.

　　A. his being not able

　　B. him not to be able

　　C. his not being able

　　D. him to be not able

　　Ⅹ 、动名词的复合结构: sb. / sb’s doing (作主语仅用sb’s doing)

　　（1）It is difficult to imagine his ____the decision without any consideration.

　　A. accept

　　B. accepting

　　C. to accept

　　D. accepted

　　（2）I really can't understand ____ her like that.

　　A. you treat

　　B. you to treat

　　C. why treat

　　D. you treating

　　（3） ______the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.

　　A. The president attending　

　　B. The president to attend

　　C. The president attended 　

　　D. The president's attending

　　Ⅺ、不定式的复合结构

　　for sb. to do sth.

　　It is necessary for you to finish the work before Friday.

　　There are a lot of difficulties for us to overcome.

　　In order for the patient to be treated at once,they took him to the nearest hospital as quickly as possible.

　　或：In order to be treated at once, the patient was taken to the nearest hospital as quickly as possible.

　　His idea is for us to travel in different cars.

　　of sb. to do sth.

　　It’s brave _____ into the burning building to save the baby!

　　A. for him to go

　　B. for him going

　　C. of him going

　　D. of him to go

　　Ⅻ、there be 的非谓语形式

　　1) 动词+there to be

　　/

　　there being

　　（作宾语）

　　如：I don’t want there to be any misunderstanding between them.

　　我不希望之间有什么误会。

　　They deny there being any misunderstanding between them.

　　他们否认他们之间有误解。

　　I can’t imagine there being so few people in the library.

　　我无法想象图书馆里人这么少。

　　2) 介词+there being

　　（作宾语）

　　He was surprised at there being so many people waiting there.

　　他对很多人等在那里感到吃惊。

　　I have never dreamed of there being a chance of being sent abroad so soon.

　　我做梦也没想到这么快就有一个被派往国外的机会。

　　[注意：for there to be ] 常用在It be + adj. for...的结构中

　　It is not uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and young．

　　老人与年青人之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的。 （作主语）

　　It’s too early for there to be anybody up．

　　太早了，还不会有人起床。()

　　3）there being 结构作状语

　　There being nobody else at hand, I had to do by myself．

　　由于附近没有人，我只得独自干了。()

　　There having been no rain for a long time，the ground was very dry．

　　因为好长时间没下雨了，地面非常干燥。()

　　---We didn’t find the Blacks _______ the lecture.

　　---No one had told him about _____a lecture the following day.

　　A. to attend; there to be

　　B. attending; there being

　　C. attended; there be

　　D. attend; there was

　　不带to 的动词不定式

　　(1)在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略to的动词不定式，如let, make, have, hear, see, feel, smell, hear, watch等；但改为被动语态后，应加上to

　　例：老师常常让我把作文重写。

　　The teacher often makes me rewrite the composition.

　　→I am often made by the teacher to rewrite the composition.

　　(2)在except, but, other than 之前有动词do作实义动词，则except, but, other than 后一般接不带to的动词不定式，反之则接带to 的动词不定式。即 前有do(“做”) 后无to

　　熟记： cannot but /cannot choose but / cannot help but do sth.

　　can do nothing but do sth.

　　have no choice/alternative but to do sth.

　　例：我只好接受他的建议。

　　I can not but accept his advice.

　　I can do nothing but accept his advice.

　　I have no choice but to accept his advice.

　　I have no desire other than to lead a quiet life, free from anxiety.

　　(3) 在why, why not结构中，紧接其后的动词不定式不带to

　　例：Why not send those books back?为什么不把那些书送回去？

　　(4) 由 all, what 引导的主语从句或者主语被only, first, one, least 或形容词最高级修饰时，而且从句中含do或do的形式does/ did时，其表语如果是动词不定式，则往往省去to。

　　例：All I did was empty the bottle.

　　我所做的是倒空这个瓶子。

　　What I wanted to do was drive all night.

　　我想做的是彻夜开车。

　　The only thing I could do was do it myself. 我惟一能做的是我自己解决。

　　(5) 由并