2015高考英语一轮精讲教案：必修5 （3）

　　必修5 Unit 2（1）

　　Unit 2　The United Kingdom　Air pollution is a leading cause of cancer and classified among Group 1,or top, human carcinogens (致癌物质), said the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which is the World Health Organization's (WHO) cancer agency, on Oct 17,2017. The most widely used system for classifying carcinogens comes from the IARC, which places them into five groups. Group 1 carcinogens definitely cause cancer in humans. Group 2A is probably carcinogenic to humans, Group 2B is possibly carcinogenic, the carcinogenicity of Group 3 in humans is unclassifiable, and Group 4 is probably not carcinogenic to humans. Only a little more than 100 are classified as Group 1 cancer-causing substances, including ultraviolet radiation and tobacco smoke. “Our task was to evaluate the air everyone breathes rather than focus on specific air pollutants,” the lARC's Dana Loomis said in a statement. “The results from the reviewed studies point in the same direction: the risk of developing lung cancer is significantly increased in people exposed to air pollution.”

　　In 2010, lung cancer resulting from air pollution killed 223,000 people worldwide, and there was also convincing evidence that it increases the risk of bladder (膀腕) cancer, according to the IARC. Air pollution is already known to raise risks for a wide range of illnesses, including respiratory and heart diseases.

　　Air pollution is global, although the levels of it vary over space and time.

　　Loomis said people in Asia, eastern North America, some places in Central America and Mexico, as well as North Africa have relatively high exposure. Developing countries with large populations and booming manufacturing sectors, such as China, are particularly at risk.

　　Many cities in China, such as Beijing, frequently see smog. This week, Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang province, became the first Chinese city to officially suspend classes due to serious smog Many developed countries face similar problems, although to a lesser degree than most developing nations. In Europe, levels of many pollutants have fallen. But between 91 and 96 percent of Europeans living in cities are exposed to levels of PM2.5—tiny particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers—that are higher than the WHO safety limits, says a report published by the European Environment Agency on Oct 15.

　　Although both the composition and levels of air pollution can vary dramatically from one location to the other, the 1ARC said its conclusions apply to all regions of the world. “Given the scale of the exposure affecting people worldwide, this report should send a strong signal to the international community to take action without further delay,” said Christopher Wild, director of the IARC.

　　59、What might be the best title of the passage?

　　A．Signals of air pollution

　　B．Safety limits of air pollution

　　C．Air pollution, cancer risk

　　D．Air pollution, smog risk

　　What’s the main task of IARC?

　　A．To focus on cancer-causing substances.

　　B．To evaluate the air quality.

　　C．To study the developing risk of cancer.

　　D．To send signals to the international community.

　　Why should the international community take action without further delay?

　　A．The composition and levels of air pollution vary from place to place.

　　B．More and more people in developing countries are exposed to air pollution.

　　C．Developed countries face air pollution, the level of which is higher than the safety limits.

　　D．A large number of people worldwide are exposed to air pollution.

　　—60、CB

　　61、D

　　1．clarify(vt.)澄清；阐明

　　2．accomplish(vt.)完成；达到；实现3．conflict(n.)矛盾；冲突

　　4．plus(prep.)加上；和

　　(adj.)加的；正的；零上的

　　5．quarrel(n.)争吵；争论；吵架

　　(vi.)争吵；吵架

　　6．fold(vt.)折叠；对折

　　7．thrill(vt.)使激动；使胆战心惊

　　8．unite(vi.& vt.)联合；团结→united(adj.)团结的；联合的→union (n.)联合；联盟；结合；协会9．convenience(n.)便利；方便→convenient (adj.)方便的

　　10．attract(vt.)吸引；引起注意→attraction (n.)吸引；吸引力→attractive (adj.)有吸引力的

　　11．description(n.)描写；描述→describe (vt.)描述；形容；描绘

　　12．furnished(adj.)配备好装备的；带家具的→furnish (vt.)装备；(用家具等)布置(房间、公寓)；提供

　　13．possibility(n.)可能(性)→possible (adj.)可能的；合理的

　　14．arrange(vt.)筹备；安排；整理→arrangement(n.)布置；整理

　　15．delight(n.)快乐；高兴；喜悦；(vt.)使高兴；使欣喜→delighted (adj.)高兴的；快乐的→delightful (adj.)令人高兴的

　　1．consist_of　由……组成

　　2．break_away_(from)挣脱(束缚)；脱离

　　3．leave_out省去；遗漏；不考虑

　　4．take_the_place_of 代替

　　5．divide...into把……分成

　　6．to_one’s_credit为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在……名下

　　7．break_down (机器)损坏；破坏

　　8．in_memory_of为了纪念

　　9．leave_for动身去某地

　　10．be_on_show展览

　　1．Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.

　　如今只要有人提起英格兰，你就会发现威尔士也是包括在内的。

　　名师指津：find Wales included为“find＋宾语＋宾补”的复合结构。

　　例句仿写：使我非常吃惊的是，我打开抽屉时发现我的信被撕成碎片了。

　　Much to my surprise，I found_my_letters_torn_into_pieces after I opened the drawer.

　　2．Worried about the time available，Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London.由于担心时间不够，张萍玉早就把她想要在伦敦参观的地点列了一张单子。

　　名师指津：worried about...为过去分词短语作状语。

　　例句仿写：在森林中迷了路，我们不得不待在原地等待帮助。

　　Lost_in_the_forest，we had to remain where we were，waiting for help.

　　3．It looked splendid when first built!

　　刚建成的时候，它看起来真是金碧辉煌！

　　名师指津：when first built是when it was first built的省略形式。

　　例句仿写：工人们不该对这次事故负责，因为他们只是按要求执行了计划。

　　The workers shouldn’t be responsible for the accident，because they just carried_out_the_plan_as_told.

　　4．It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.

　　这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。

　　名师指津：should在It is surprising/strange/amazing that结构中常表示一种惊讶的语气，译为“居然；竟然”。

　　例句仿写：奇怪的是举止那么好的绅士竟然对那位老太太无礼。

　　It is strange that the well­behaved gentleman should_be_so_rude_to that lady.

　　convenience n．便利，方便；便利的事物；便利设施

　　教材原句P10：England is the largest of the four countries，and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones.英格兰是四个国家中最大的，为方便起见，它大体上分成三个区。

　　(1)for convenience为了方便起见

　　at one’s convenience在某人方便的时候

　　if it suits one’s convenience如果对某人方便

　　convenience food/store方便食品/便利店

　　(2)convenient adj.方便的，便利的

　　It is convenient for sb.to do sth.某人方便做某事

　　(江西书面表达)Cars have become a popular means of transport，bringing_great_convenience to our life.

　　小汽车已经成为一种流行的交通方式，给我们的生活带来很多方便。

　　Please come and see me at your convenience/if it suits your convenience/whenever it is convenient to you.

　　请在你方便的时候来看我。attract vt.吸引；引起注意

　　(2017·全国大纲卷阅读理解)First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers.

　　首先他开了一家店，在店外挂了一个招牌来吸引顾客。

　　(1)attract one’s attention/mind/eyes

　　吸引某人的注意力或目光

　　attract sb.to sth.吸引某人关注某事

　　(2)attractive adj.迷人的，吸引人的

　　(3)attraction n．吸引人的事物

　　The company is starting a new advertising campaign to attract_new_customers_to its stores.这家公司发起了新一轮广告活动来吸引新的顾客到其商店来。

　　Attracted_by the beauty of nature，the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.被大自然的美所吸引，来自伦敦的小女孩决定再在农场住两天。

　　Mount Tai is attractive to tourists for its beautiful scenery and historical sites.

　　泰山的风景名胜和历史古迹对旅游者很有吸引力。arrange v．筹备；安排；整理；布置；排列

　　(2017·福建卷书面表达)Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.

　　父母为孩子准备一切，不遗余力地为他们的成功铺路。

　　(1)arrange sth.for sb.为某人安排某事

　　arrange (for sb.) to do sth.安排(某人)做某事

　　(2)arrangement n．安排；筹备

　　make arrangements for为……做好安排

　　The manager arranged_for Miss Green to meet a foreign guest at the airport.经理安排格林小姐去机场接一位外宾。

　　(辽宁书面表达)If you are interested，please sign up at the office before 5 arrangements.

　　若感兴趣，请在下周四下午5点前到办公室签名，以便于我们做些必要的安排。delight n．快乐；高兴；喜悦；vt.& vi.(使)高兴；(使)欣喜

　　(2017·天津卷阅读理解)Their delight at winning a race or getting a new bike is unreserved.

　　他们赢得比赛或得到一辆新自行车的快乐是毫无掩饰的。

　　(1)to sb.’s delight/to the delight of sb.令某人高兴的是

　　take/have/find delight in...喜爱，以……为乐

　　(2)delight in (doing) sth.以(做)某事为乐

　　(3)

　　(2011·湖北卷)What_delighted_the_fans was that the player performed extremely well in the table tennis tournament.使球迷们欣喜的是这位运动员在乒乓球锦标赛上表现极为出色。

　　As far as I know，the boy takes delight in helping others.

　　＝As far as I know，the boy delights in helping others.

　　据我所知，这个男孩以帮助别人为乐趣。

　　I am_delighted_to have been invited to your school to talk to you about the history and significance of the Olympic Games.我很高兴应邀前来贵校，跟大家讲述有关奥运会的历史及其意义。

　　Ⅰ.完成句子

　　1．________________________(不可能) he can finish the task in such a short time.

　　答案：　There is no possibility that

　　2．We hope you will accept our invitation ______________________(如果你方便的话)．

　　答案：　if it is covenient for you

　　3．When will the government________________________(澄清立场) on equal pay for women?

　　答案：　clarify its position4．I cannot tell you________________________(我多么的高兴) with the beautiful birthday present you gave me.

　　答案：　how delighted I was

　　5．Don’t worry！I________________________(已安排秘书) to pick you up at the airport.

　　答案：　have arranged for my secretary

　　.单项填空

　　1．(2017·烟台四校联考)The bus stop at my block corner is very________，where I take a ride easily to school every morning.

　　A．necessary B．comfortable

　　C．convenient D．practical

　　解析：　考查形容词辨析。从“我在那儿可以很容易坐车去上学”可知，楼区拐角处的车站是“方便到达的，方便的”，convenient符合句意。

　　答案：　C

　　2．(2017·桐乡模拟)Any help from you will be greatly appreciated.Please give me a reply at your earliest________.

　　A．convenience B．consideration

　　C．interruption D．imagination

　　解析：　句意为：你们所提供的任何帮助我们都很感激，请在方便的时候尽早联系我们。at one’s convenience意为“在某人方便的时候”。

　　答案：　A

　　3．As for me，I take great________in gardening，for my father is an advanced gardener.

　　A．delight B．surprise

　　C．credit D．sightseeing

　　解析：　考查名词搭配辨析。句意为：就我而言，我非常喜欢园艺，因为我父亲是一位高级园艺师。take delight in乐于……；爱好……，其他三项均无此搭配。

　　答案：　A

　　4．(2017·陕西榆林六校第四次质量训练)________more tourists，travel agencies from both China and the DPRK have developed a package of new products.

　　A．Attracting

　　B．Attracted

　　C．To attract

　　D．Having attracted

　　解析：　考查非谓语动词。句意为：为了吸引更多的游客，中国和朝鲜的旅行社已经推出了一系列的新产品。根据句意可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语。答案：　C

　　consist of由……组成

　　(2017·天津卷阅读理解)The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs.

　　阅读的地方主要由桌子和椅子组成。

　　(1)consist of由……组成

　　(2) 由……组成

　　(3)consist in＝lie in存在于；在于

　　(4)consistent adj.相容的；一致的

　　be consistent with和……一致/相符

　　(辽宁高考)Life consists_of not only sunshine but also hard times.生活中不仅有阳光，还有艰难困苦的时候。

　　The company

　　15 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis.

　　由15家小工厂组成的这家公司正面临着严重的财政危机。

　　If what you say is_not_consistent with what you do，it will have a bad effect on your children.

　　如果你言行不一，这对孩子有不好的影响。

　　divide into把……分开

　　①As we all know，a year is_divided_into four seasons.

　　众所周知，一年分四季。

　　②He divided his energies between study and business.

　　他把一部分精力用来学习，一部分用来搞业务。

　　辨析：divide into与separate from

　　divide (...into...)常指把某个整体划分为若干部分

　　separate (...from...)表示“将……与……分开”，指把原来连在一起或靠近的分隔开来

　　③England is separated_from France by the English Channel.

　　英国和法国被英吉利海峡分开。④As we joined the big crowd，I got separated from my friends.

　　当我加入一大群人时，我和朋友们走散了。take the place of代替

　　(牛津P1508)She couldn’t attend the meeting so her assistant took her place/took the place of her.

　　她不能参加会议，所以她的助手代她出席。

　　(1)take one’s place就位；占据一席之地

　　take place发生；举办；举行

　　(2)in place of代替；取代

　　in place在适当的位置；在原处

　　①Computers can not take_the_place_of human brains，and nor can other machines.

　　计算机不能代替人脑，其它的机器也不能。

　　②Mr Li is ill，so I’ll

　　李老师生病了，因此我代替他给你们上课。break down(机器)损坏；破坏；(谈判、希望、计划等)失败，破裂；(化学)分解；(身体)垮掉

　　教材原句P13：On my way to the station my car broke down.

　　在去车站的路上，我的汽车坏了。

　　break away (from)挣脱(束缚)；脱离

　　break off中断；折断

　　break into闯入

　　break out爆发；发生

　　break up驱散；分散；打碎，终止

　　①(辽宁高考)Then his health broke_down，and he had to take a long holiday abroad.

　　之后他的身体累垮了，得去国外休一段长假。

　　②(全国高考)News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.

　　据报道两国的和谈破裂了，没达成任何协议。

　　③As is known to us，plastic bags are difficult to break_down.

　　众所周知，塑料袋很难分解。

　　Ⅰ.短语替换

　　1．Mr Smith will go to Beijing next month，when a new English teacher will teach us in place of him.

　　→Mr Smith will go to Beijing next month，when a new English teacher will________ ________ ________ ________him to teach us.

　　答案：　take the place of

　　2．In order to hand out the books easily，we separate them into five parts.

　　→The books________ ________ ________five parts in order to be handed out easily.

　　答案：　are divided into

　　3．New Zealand is a country lying off the eastern coast of Australia made up of two big islands and many smaller ones.

　　→New Zealand is a country lying off the eastern coast of Australia，________ ________two big islands and many smaller ones.

　　答案：　consisting of

　　Ⅱ.单项填空

　　1．(2017·厦门质量检测)If you sit in an office all day long and rarely________，you’re likely to suffer from neck and back pains.

　　A．cut in B．work out

　　C．break down

　　D．stay up

　　解析：　考查动词短语辨析。句意为：如果你整天坐在办公室里很少锻炼身体，你可能会遭受颈椎和背部疼痛之苦。此处work out意为“锻炼身体，做运动”，符合句意。cut in插嘴，打断(谈话)；break down(机器等)出故障，(谈判等)失败，受挫；stay up熬夜。

　　答案：　B

　　2．(2017·福建卷)Old­fashioned phones matter when wireless networks________in disasters.

　　A．turn down

　　B．turn out

　　C．break down

　　D．break out

　　解析：　句意为：在灾难中无线网络瘫痪的时候，老式电话起到重要作用。本题考查动词短语辨析。A.拒绝，关小(声音)；B.结果是；C.出故障；D.爆发(战争，打斗等)。

　　答案：　C

　　3．(2017·石家庄质量检测二)To my mind，the secret to happiness________your successful work and your contribution towards others’ happiness.

　　A．results in

　　B．consists in

　　C．brings in

　　D．takes in

　　解析：　考查动词短语辨析。句意为：在我看来，快乐的秘决在于工作成功，并且帮助他人获得快乐。consist in表示“在于”，符合句意。 result in造成，导致；bring in引进；take in吸入，理解。

　　答案：　B

　　4．The English teacher often does some translation work to earn extra money，which________nearly half of his income.

　　A．consists in B．counts on

　　C．accounts for D．makes for

　　解析：　考查短语辨析。consist in在于，存在于某事物之中；count on依靠，依赖；account for(数量上/比例上)占，解释，说明；make for走向，有助于，促进。句意为：那位英语老师经常做一些翻译去挣些外快，外快几乎占其收入的一半。

　　答案：　C

　　5．—How did you find your visit to the Summer Palace yesterday?

　　—It couldn’t be worse.I got________from my 70­year­old grandparents.

　　A．divided B．separated

　　C．removed D．moved

　　解析：　从couldn’t be worse “非常糟糕”可知，这里的意思是和七十岁的祖父母走散了，故用get separated。separate分开，隔离；divide分，除；remove除掉。

　　答案：　B