2016届高考英语二轮专题热点集训：专题8 定语从句

　　专题八

　　定语从句

　　【命题趋势探秘】

　　命题规律 考查内容 关系代词 关系副词 非限制性定语从句 介词+关系代词

　　考查热度 ☆☆☆ ☆☆☆ ☆☆☆ ☆☆☆

　　考查题型 语法填空，单项填空，短文改错，书面表达 语法填空，单项填空，短文改错，书面表达 语法填空，单项填空，短文改错，书面表达 语法填空，单项填空，短文改错，书面表达

　　所占分值 2—3分 2—3分 2—3分 2—3分

　　命题

　　趋势

　　定语从句是高考必考点，也是同学们英语学习的难点，从近年高考英语选择题对定语从句的考查看，主要从下面几个方面设题：

　　1. 定语从句关系词的基本用法，它在从句中作主语、宾语还是作状语。注意参照情景选择所给引导词。注意关系副词when/where与连接副词when, where的用法区别（关系副词连接的是定语从句，修饰先行词；而连接副词连接的是状语从句，修饰主句中的动词）。

　　2. “介词+which/whom/where”型定语从句，对介词的考查是重点，关键是搭配问题。

　　3. which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别（每年必考）。

　　4. 分隔型的定语从句，特别是在句子结构相对复杂情况下引导词的选择问题。

　　5. 句子成分复杂的定语从句（如加入插入语等）及定语从句与其它句型（如强调句等）的区别。

　　6. what引导的名词性从句与that作关系代词引导定语从句的区别。

　　【高频考点聚焦】

　　通过本章的学习，我们要全面掌握以下内容：1)关系代词和关系副词的基本用法；2)“介词+which/whom/where”型定语从句中介词的选择、which、whom及whose等关系词的选用；3)which、as引导非限制性定语从句的用法；4) 句子成分复杂的定语从句(比如在定语从句结构中加入插入语，或使用分隔型的定语从句等)的句意理解和如何判断句子成分；5)定语从句与其它句型（如强调句、同位语从句等）的区别。这些知识都需要我们用心去体会和理解，并在解答各类试题时派上用场。

　　◇考点1关系代词

　　【基础知识梳理】

　　关系代词引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词往往是表示人或物的名词或代词，关系代词要在从句中充当主语、表语、宾语、定语等句子成分。常见的关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等。

　　指代对象 指代人 指代物 既可指人也可指物

　　主格 who, that which, that, as that

　　宾语 whom, that which, that, as

　　所有格 whose

　　【核心考点讲练】

　　1.that：在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，可指人也可指物。指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。that在定语从句中作宾语时常可省略。

　　This is the best film (that) I have ever seen for years. 这是几年来我看到的最好的电影。

　　He is not the man that he seems to be. 他这人不可貌相。

　　2.which：which所代替的先行词是表示事物或动物的名词或代词，一般不用来指人，which在从句中可作主语、宾语、定语。在非限制性定语从句中，which指代主句内容。

　　The river which runs through the centre of the city brings us lots of pleasures. 穿过市中心的那条河给人们带来很多快乐。

　　James did really well in his exams, which was a big surprise.詹姆士考得非常好，真令人惊讶。

　　3.who：指人，在定语从句中作主语。

　　4.whom：指人，在定语从句中作宾语。whom可省略或可用who来代替，但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用whom。

　　5.whose：是who的所有格，在定语从句中作定语，后面要接名词，其含义是“（先行词）的”。whose既可以指人也可以指物。

　　6.as：用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。

　　1)as用于非限制性定语从句中指代整个主句，其引导的定语从句可以位于句首、句中或句末，通常用逗号与主句隔开。

　　He is a teacher, as can be seen from his manner. 他是教师，这一点从他的举止上可以看出来。

　　一些由as引导的定语从句常位于句首，已形成了固定的说法。

　　as is known to all

　　这是众所周知的

　　as has been said before

　　如前所说

　　as is often the case

　　情况常常如此

　　as may be imagined

　　这可以想象得出

　　as has been pointed out

　　正如已经指出的那样

　　as often happens

　　这种情况常常发生

　　2)用于限制性定语从句中，常用于“the same…as”，“such…as”，“as…as”和“so…as”的结构，代表前面的先行词，在从句中作主语或宾语。

　　【典例1】（2016·山东）A company____profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.

　　A. which

　　B. whose

　　C. who

　　D. why

　　解析：句意：一家公司的国内市场利润下降时，它就可能会向国外市场谋求机会。分析句子结构可以看出，本空需要关系词引导定语从句，从句完整和正常的表达是its profits from home markets are declining，考虑两个句子之间的衔接，将its改为whose引导定语从句并在从句中作定语指物，代替人称代词its，因此选B。which在定语从句中作主语、宾语，以及作定语表示选择；who在定语从句中可作主语、宾语，指人，不能作定语，why在定语从句中作原因状语。

　　答案：B

　　【典例2】（2016·江西）Among the many dangers________sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.

　　A. which

　　B. what

　　C. where

　　D. when

　　解析：句意：在这些水手们必须面对的许多问题中，也许最大的是雾。从句意和句子结构看，这里需要关系词引导定语从句修饰先行词many dangers，在从句中作face的宾语，因此用which或that引导这个定语从句。

　　答案：A

　　【技巧点拨】

　　关系代词which和whom的选用

　　在某些特定的情况下，要使用which或whom，一般不用that代替。

　　(1)非限制性定语从句中不用that。

　　(2)介词后不用that。

　　Do you know the boy to whom I spoke just now? 你认识那位我刚才跟他讲话的男孩吗？

　　(3) 如果有两个定语从句，其中前一句的关系代词用了that, 后一句宜用which，以避免重复。

　　Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.我给你看一本我从新开放的图书馆借的小说。

　　◇考点2关系副词

　　【基础知识梳理】

　　引导定语从句的关系副词

　　关系副词引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词通常是表示时间、地点或理由的名词。常见的关系副词有when, where, why等。在定语从句中关系副词用作状语。

　　指代对象及先行词 关系副词及相应介词结构

　　时间如day, year, time when, during which time

　　地点，如the place, the city where, in which, from which place

　　原因the reason why, that, for which

　　【核心考点讲练】

　　1.when:

　　Christmas is a special holiday when a/the whole family are supposed to get together. 圣诞节是一个全家人团聚的特殊节日。（when = on which）

　　注意：

　　1)有时when也可作介词宾语，引导定语从句。

　　That was written in 1946, since when the education system has undergone great changes. 那个东西写于1946年，自那以来教育体系发生了巨大变化。

　　2)当time作先行词时，如果连词在从句中作宾语，用that/which引导该定语从句；如果连词在从句中作状语，则用when。如：

　　I’ll never forget the time that/which we spent in the countryside.我永远忘不了我们在乡下的那段时间。

　　I’ll never forget the time when we lived in the countryside.我永远忘不了我们在乡下的那段时间。

　　因此在下面这些句式中常用when引导定语从句：

　　It happened at a time when everyone was busy over their own work.事情发生的时候大家都在忙于自己的工作。

　　There are times when you may be caught in a dilemma.有时候你会遇到进退两难的情况。

　　There was a time when he was always late for school.有一段时间他上学老迟到。

　　但是在every time, each time, every time, any time, (the)next/last time, by the time等结构后面接从句时，不管连词在从句中作什么成分，都用that引导从句，或省略连词。此时这些结构已经转化为状语从句的连词。

　　2)where

　　当先行词是case,point,situation, condition, stage,position等表示抽象地点的名词时，用关系副词where或“in which”。如：

　　It’s helpful to put children in a situation where/in which they can see themselves differently.让孩子处于一个能从不同侧面看自己的场合，这样做对孩子有帮助。(高考例句)

　　3) why：代替的先行词是表示理由的名词（通常是the reason），在从句中作状语。

　　I guess that's another reason why I want to go into that area.我想这是我想到那个地方的另外一个原因。(英语语料库)

　　【典例1】（2016·湖南）I am looking forward to the day_____my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.

　　A. as B. why C. when

　　D. where

　　解析：句意：我期待着有一天，我的女儿能读懂这本书，并且理解我对她的感情。本句中含有定语从句，先行词是day，在定语从句中作时间状语，可以用when或者on which引导定语从句。因此选C。

　　答案：C

　　【典例2】（2016·浙江）I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, ______ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.

　　A. when

　　B. where

　　C. which

　　D. why

　　解析：句意：直到五年级我才真正开始学习攀爬，当时我爬到一棵树上去取一只被挂在树枝上的风筝。本题考查定语从句，先行词为the fifth grade，将先行词代入到从句后为：I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree in the fifth grade，由此可见，先行词指物，以加介词的方式作了定语从句的时间状语，所以应该用表示时间的关系副词when或与之等价的in/during which来引导定语从句。因此选A。

　　答案：A

　　【技巧点拨】

　　1.在下面这些结构中，通常不用关系词，或者用that(可省略)：

　　1)t the time+定语从句；2)This/That is/was the first/second, only, etc time+定语从句。如：

　　At the time they were created, the paintings were popular.这些漫画刚出来的时候很受欢迎。

　　This is the first time I’ve visited New York.这是我第一次来纽约。

　　2.当定语从句的先行词是situation、position、point、case等名词，连词在从句中作状语时，用关系副词where或者in/at which来引导定语从句。

　　I can think of many cases where cultural differences really exist.我可以想出许多文化差异确实存在的事例。

　　The reason why Peter failed was his laziness. 彼得失败的原因是他的懒惰。

　　注意：the reason why引导定语从句，why = for which；the reason that引导同位语从句或定语从句，解释reason的内容。

　　The reason that he gave for his being late didn’t sound reasonable, and this was the reason why the boss got angry.他对自己迟到给出的原因听着就不对，这就是老板生气的原因。

　　◇考点3非限制性定语从句

　　【基础知识梳理】

　　限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

　　1. 限制性定语从句

　　限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不完整或不明确。限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号。

　　He came at a time when we needed him most.他是在我们最需要他的时候来的。

　　2. 非限制性定语从句

　　指代对象 指代人 指代物 指代时间 指代地点

　　主格 who which when where

　　宾语 whom which, as

　　所有格 of whom, whose of which, whose

　　【核心考点讲练】

　　非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思。它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。

　　1.当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词、指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的定语从句。

　　Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

　　2.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，此时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。

　　He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

　　3.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别

　　名称 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句

　　作用 起限定作用，限制或约束先行词。不可省略，否则主句意思不完整。 对整个句子的意义并不重要，即使省掉，原句仍有意义。

　　结构 不用逗号与主句隔开。 用逗号与主句隔开。

　　功能 是先行词不可缺少的定语。 对先行词或主句作附加的说明。

　　引导词 A．作宾语时可省略 A．作宾语时不可省略

　　B．可用that B．不用that

　　C．可用who 代替whom C．不用who 代替whom

　　译法 译成先行词的定语“……的” 通常译成并列分句

　　【典例1】（2016·北京）I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ______ my classmates recommended to me.

　　A.who

　　B. which C. when

　　D. where

　　解析：句意：the book Sherlock Holmes，把先行词代入定语从句后为My classmates recommended the book Sherlock Holmes to me. 由此可知先行词在定语从句中作宾语，故用which。who只能代指人，故可排除；when和where都为关系副词，在定语从句中作状语。

　　答案：B

　　【技巧点拨】

　　关系代词和关系副词的选用

　　正确选择关系代词和关系副词，是学好定语从句的关键。我们除了根据关系词所指代的先行词的类别、所引导的定语从句是限制性的还是非限制性的、关系词在从句中充当何种句子成份来选择外，还要注意一些习惯用法。

　　用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于定语从句的结构。如定语从句中有主语和宾语，则要求用关系副词；如定语从句中需主语或及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系代词。判断用关系代词还是关系副词通常有三个步骤：

　　一、分析先行词，看先行词是表示人、物，还是时间、地点、原因、方式等。

　　二、分析代替先行词的关系词在从句中担任什么成份，或者分析从句中缺少什么成份。如从句需主语、表语、定语或宾语，则使用关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)；如从句需状语，应选择关系副词 ( where , when, why)。

　　三、判断从句是限制性的还是非限制性的，由此来进一步确定关系词的选用。

　　This is the company (that/which) I visited last year. 这就是我去年参观过的那个公司。

　　2.关系代词that的选用

　　关系代词that和which都用来引导限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语、宾语等成分，通常可以互换。但由于which表示“哪一个”，含有选择的含义，因此在某些特定的先行词后面，一般宜用关系代词that，因为此时表示不加选择的“所有的”，或别无选择的“就是那一个”。

　　(1)当先行词是all, little, much, none, few等不定代词或由some, any, every, no 等词构成的复合代词时。

　　All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的不都是金子。

　　(2)当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。

　　This is the most interesting novel that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最有意思的一本小说。

　　(3)当先行词被the very 等词修饰时。

　　Those are the very points that puzzle me. 正是这几点难住了我。

　　(4)当先行词既是人又是物时。

　　The driver and his car that fell into the river have not yet been discovered. 掉入河里的司机与车子都还没有找到。

　　(5)主句已有疑问词who或者which时。

　　Who that has a common sense would believe such nonsense? 有常识的人谁会相信这种胡说八道？

　　(6)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系词在从句中也作表语时。

　　He is no longer the man that he was ten years ago. 他不再是十年前的他了。

　　【典例2】（2016●课标全国卷I) Maybe you leave a habit __________is driving your family crazy.

　　解析：句意：或许你有某个习惯让你的家人难以忍受。此处是一个定语从句，其先行词为前面的habit，而该定语从句缺少主语，因此要用that或者which。

　　答案：that/which

　　【技巧点拨】

　　使用定语从句的易错点

　　1.混淆定语从句与并列句

　　请看下面两题：

　　1.Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series.

　　A. them

　　B. that

　　C. which

　　D. what

　　2. Maria has written two novels, and both of ________ have been made into television series.

　　A. them B. that C. which D. what

　　第1题选C，第2题选A。从题干看，第1题没有并列连词连接两个句子，而且后面部分使用了谓语动词，因此这里需要连词引导非限制性定语从句，连词在从句中作of的宾语指物，用both of which；第2题的题干有并列连词and，因此本空所在是一个简单并列句，用both of them作主语。

　　换个角度这样考：

　　3. Maria has written two novels, both of them ________ into television series.

　　A. have been made B. having been made C. to have been made D. having made

　　本题题干没有并列连词，也没有关系词引导定语从句，因此A不对；本空用非谓语动词的独立主格结构作状语，用having been made表示被动和完成的动作。

　　2.混淆定语从句与表语(从句)

　　请看下面两题：

　　1.The South Pole isn’t _______people could find a comfortable place to live for the average winter temperature there is below -400C.

　　A. which B. that C. the place that D. where

　　答案选D。这里用where引导表语从句，连词在从句中作地点状语表示“在这里找个舒服的地方生活”。

　　2.Is this the school_______your father worked in ten years ago?

　　A. where B. what C. that D. the one

　　答案选C。将这个疑问句还原为陈述句就能看出，主句主语是this school，本空所在应该是定语从句修饰表语the，而从句中有介词in，因此本空的关系词在从句中作介词in的宾语而不是作地点状语，用that/which引导定语从句。

　　◇考点4介词+关系代词

　　【基础知识梳理】

　　“介词+关系代词”结构在定语从句中主要起关系副词的作用，即在定语从句中充当状语。用在介词后的关系代词只有whom, which和whose三个，不能用that。

　　使用这个结构时要注意下面几个方面的问题：

　　1)如果关系代词与介词或介词短语构成一个不可分割的整体，此时用“介词+关系代词”。如：

　　We finally arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a dog.我们终于到达一家农舍，门前趴着一条狗。

　　This is the very book that I referred to.这正是我提到的那本书。

　　常见的这种动词短语有：listen to, look at, depend on, take care of, look into, break into, get rid of, look forward to等。

　　Can you lend me the magazine about which you talked yesterday?

　　你能把昨天谈到的那本杂志借给我吗？

　　Can you lend me the magazine (that/which) you talked about yesterday?

　　2)如果从句的介词与动词构成一个完整的不可分隔的短语，此时只用关系代词放在从句前面，而把介词放在从句中

　　This is the book that you’re looking for.这就是你在找的那本书。

　　3)大多数情况下，可以将介词放在从句谓语后面，也可放在前面构成“介词+关系代词”结构。

　　This is something that we must pay attention to.这是我们必须注意的事情。

　　This is something to which we must pay attention.

　　4)“介词+关系代词”结构中有时出现some/several/ a few/a little/many/most / the largest + of + which/whom等形式。此时可以采用两种形式：

　　Here are the questions, some of which (= of which some) I though difficult for you. 就是这些问题，有些我认为对你来说太难。

　　5)“介词+关系代词”结构可代替when, where, why, that等关系词。

　　In 2016, we moved to Boston, in which (where) my grandparents live. 2016年，我们搬到了波士顿，我爷爷、奶奶就住在这里。

　　【核心考点讲练】

　　1.“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句的考点

　　1)关系代词的选用：指人用“介词+whom”；指物用“介词+which”；关系词在定语从句中作定语则用“介词+whose+名词”；

　　2)介词的选取：

　　⑴根据从句所修饰的先行词的需要来确定介词的使用。

　　This is the factory in which he works. 这就是他工作的工厂。( in the factory 在工厂）

　　⑵根据从句中谓语动词搭配的需要来确定介词的使用。

　　The car for which he paid 240,000 yuan is made in Shanghai. 他花二十四万元买的车是上海造的。(pay money for sth.)

　　⑶根据从句句意的需要来确定介词的使用。

　　Tom, by whom the window was broken, has been criticized by his teacher. 汤姆打坏了这扇窗子，受到了老师的批评。

　　⑷根据主从句搭配关系的需要来确定句中介词的使用。

　　I don't know the student with whom Mary quarreled yesterday. 我不认识昨天与玛莉争吵的学生。

　　3)“介词+关系代词”可用相应的关系副词where, when, why替换。

　　In our city there are several big parks to which many people can go to enjoy nature.我们城市有几家大公园，人们可以去那里感受大自然。(go to the park)

　　I've read many stories about him, of which this is the most touching.我读过关于他的很多故事，这个是最感人的。(the most touching of the stories)

　　At last we found a house, in front of which stood a tall tree.我们最终找到一栋房子，房前有一棵大树。(复合介词+关系代词)

　　Last month, part of the country was struck by bird flu, from whose effects the people are still suffering.上个月，这个国家的部分地区被禽流感袭击，人们至今还在遭受其影响。(=from the effect of which)

　　2.只能用that不能用which的情况

　　由于which表示“哪一个”，含有选择的含义，因此在某些特定的先行词后面，一般宜用关系代词that，因为此时表示不加选择的“所有的”，或别无选择的“就是那一个”。

　　1)当先行词是all, little, much, none, few等不定代词或由some, any, every, no 等词构成的复合代词时。

　　All that you said isn’t true.你说的不一定都是对的。

　　2)当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。

　　This is the most interesting novel that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最有意思的一本小说。

　　3)当先行词被the very 等词修饰时。

　　Those are the very points that puzzle me. 正是这几点难住了我。

　　4)当先行词既是人又是物时。

　　The driver and his car that fell into the river have not yet been discovered. 掉入河里的司机与车子都还没有找到。

　　5)主句已有疑问词who或者which时。

　　Who that is busy with their own work would want to do this? 忙于工作的人谁会去做这种事呢？

　　6)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系词在从句中也作表语时。

　　He is no longer the man that he was ten years ago. 他不再是十年前的他了。

　　【典例1】（2016·陕西）Please send us all the information ______you have about the candidate for the position.

　　A. that

　　B. which

　　C. as

　　D. what

　　解析：A句意：请把你所有关于这个职位求职者的信息都给我们看看。本空需要关系代词引导定语从句修饰名词all the information并在从句中作宾语指物，而先行词被all修饰，此时只能用that而不能用which引导这个定语从句，因此选A。

　　答案：A

　　【典例2】（2016·辽宁)He may win the competition,_______he is likely to get into the national team.

　　A. in which case B. in that case

　　C. in what case

　　D. in whose case

　　【解析】A句意：

　　解析：句意：他有可能赢得这次比赛，那样的话他很有可能会进入国家队。本空需要连词引导定语从句，从句完整的表达是in that case he is likely…，考虑句子之间的衔接，这里用in which case引导定语从句。

　　答案：A

　　【技巧点拨】

　　介词+关系代词的常见结构

　　1)介词+which/whom

　　Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have got lost. 很幸运，我们带了一张地图，如没有的话，我们就会迷路了。

　　2)名词+of+ which/whom

　　Please pass me the book the cover of which is blue. 请把那本蓝封面的书递给我。（也可用whose cover）

　　3)数词+of+ which/whom

　　She's got three lucky pens, two of which she never uses. 她有三只钢笔，其中两只从未用过。

　　4)代词+of+ which/whom

　　There are fifty students in our class, most of whom are from big cities.我们班有50个学生，其中大多数来自大城市。

　　5)最高级+of+ which/whom

　　China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan. 中国有数千个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾。

　　6)介词+which+名词

　　He usually returns home at ten, at which hour his father locks all the doors ad windows.

　　他通常十点钟回家，在这时候他爸爸锁好所有的门窗。

　　专题热点集训8 定语从句

　　（45分钟）

　　I. 单项填空

　　1.（201·北京）A. which

　　B. that

　　C. when

　　D. where

　　2.（201·重庆）A. whom

　　B. which

　　C. them

　　D. that

　　3.（201·江苏）A. it

　　B. which

　　C. what

　　D. as

　　4.（201·浙江）

　　5.（2015·福建）China Today attracts a worldwide readership，________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.

　　A. who

　　B. whom

　　C. that

　　D. which

　　6.（2016·浙江)The children, ______ had played the whole day long, were worn out.

　　A. all of what

　　B. all of which

　　C. all of them

　　D. all of whom

　　7.（2016·陕西)

　　is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.

　　A. It B. That

　　C. What

　　D. As

　　8.（2016·课标全国卷Ⅱ)When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house_

　　I would be staying.

　　A. what

　　B. when

　　C. where

　　D. which

　　9.（2016·上海)An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area__interact with one another.

　　A. that

　　B. where

　　C. who

　　D. what

　　10.（2016·福建)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ____ lives were affected.

　　A. whose

　　B. that

　　C. who

　　D. which

　　II. 完形填空

　　（2015·全国新课标卷Ⅰ）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A， B， C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

　　My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way，we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said，“__11__ my job. Family to Feed.”

　　At this store，a __12__ like this is not normal. My 10－year－old noticed him and made a __13__ on how bad it must be to have to stand __14__ in the cold wind.

　　In the store，I asked each of my kids to __15__ something they thought our “friend” there would __16__. They got apples，a sandwich and a bottle of juice. Then my 17－year－old suggested giving him a __17__. I thought about it. We were __18__ on cash ourselves，but... well，sometimes __19__ from our need instead of our abundance is __20__ what we need to do! All the kids __21__ something they could do away with for the week.

　　When we handed him the bag of __22__，he lit up and thanked us with __23__ eyes. When I handed him the gift card，saying he could use it for __24__his family might need，he burst into tears.

　　This has been a wonderful __25__ for our family. For days the kids have been looking for others we can __26__！ Things would have played out so __27__ if I had simply said，“No，we really don't have __28__ to give more.” Stepping out not only helped a brother in __29__，it also gave my kids the __30__ taste of helping others. It'll go a long way with them.

　　11. A. Lost

　　B. Changed

　　C. Quit

　　D. Finished

　　12. A condition

　　B. place

　　C. sight

　　D. show

　　13. A. suggestion

　　B. comment

　　C. decision

　　D. call

　　14. A. outside

　　B. proudly

　　C. by

　　D. angrily

　　15. A. draw

　　B. say

　　C. arrange

　　D. pick

　　16. A. order

　　B. supply

　　C. appreciate

　　D. discover

　　17. A. dollar

　　B. job

　　C. hot meal

　　D. gift card

　　18. A. easy

　　B. low

　　C. soft

　　D. loose

　　19. A. giving

　　B. saving

　　C. spending

　　D. begging

　　20. A. yet

　　B. even

　　C. still

　　D. just

　　21. A. declared

　　B. shared

　　C. ignored

　　D. expected

　　22. A. toys

　　B. medicine

　　C. food

　　D. clothes

　　23. A. sleepy

　　B. watery

　　C. curious

　　D. sharp

　　24. A. whoever

　　B. whatever

　　C. whichever

　　D. whenever

　　25. A. experience

　　B. example

　　C. message

　　D. adventure

　　26. A. rely on

　　B. respect

　　C. learn from

　　D. help

　　27. A. suddenly

　　B. vividly

　　C. differently

　　D. perfectly

　　28. A. time

　　B. power

　　C. patience

　　D. money

　　29. A. fear

　　B. love

　　C. need

　　D. memory

　　30. A. strong

　　B. sweet

　　C. strange

　　D. simple

　　III. 阅读理解

　　（2015·全国新课标卷Ⅱ）

　　exams in November and the start of the next academic year.

　　This year,25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year，according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service(UCAS)．

　　That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. “Students who take a well－planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with，and complete，their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible，” he said.

　　But not everyone is happy. Owain James，the president of the National Union Students(NUS)，argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship—young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education. “New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree. NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods，”he said.

　　31. What do we learn about the gap year from the text?

　　A. It is flexible in length.

　　B. It is a time for relaxation.

　　C. It is increasingly popular.

　　D. It is required by universities.

　　32. According to Tony Higgins，students taking a gap year ________.

　　A. are better prepared for college studies

　　B. know a lot more about their future jobs

　　C. are more likely to leave university in debt

　　D. have a better chance to enter top universities

　　33. How does Owain James feel about the gap－year phenomenon?

　　A. He's puzzled.

　　B. He's worried.

　　C. He's surprised.

　　D. He's annoyed.

　　34. What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?

　　A. Attend additional courses.

　　B. Make plans for the new term.

　　C. Earn money for their education.

　　D. Prepare for their graduate studies.

　　IV. 微写作

　　（201·全国新课标卷Ⅱ）

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　Looking forward to your reply.

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua

　　专题热点集训8

　　定语从句

　　参考答案与解析

　　I. 单项填空

　　1.

　　2. B 句意：他写了许多儿童读物，近一半都是在90年代出版的。先确定是定语从句，排除C项；先行词为物books，排除A项；中间的逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，排除D项。3. D

　　句意：正如所报道的那样，烟民的数量在一年当中就下降了17%。本句话是由as引导的非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句的内容。

　　4.C句意：创造一个使员工感觉自己是团队中的一员的氛围是一个巨大的挑战。本句话先行词是atmosphere，在某种氛围下用介词in，结合句意选C。

　　5.

　　6.D 句意：这些孩子玩了一天，都累了。本空在是一个非限制性定语从句，关系词指代前面的名词the children并在从句中作主语，用who或all of whom引导定语从句。

　　7. D句意：等医生到来的时候Amy已经好多了。通常孩子们都是这样。本空需要连词引导非限制性定语从句，这个连词指代整个主句内容并在从句中作主语，此时用as引导这个定语从句。

　　8.C句意：我到了之后，布莱恩就带我去看了看我将要居住的房子。这里连词引导定语从句修饰the house，连词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导这个定语从句。

　　9. A句意：一个生态系统是由一个地区的相互影响的生物和非生物组成。分析句子成分可知本空需要连词引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，因此选A。

　　10. A句意：

　　II. 完形填空

　　III. 阅读理解

　　IV. 微写作

　　书面表达范文

　　I'd like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival. It is the day for the elderly in our culture. We'll go and make dumplings and cakes with the elderly people there. We'll also spend some fun time together singing，dancing and playing games，which we hope will make them happy. We should be back around 4 o'clock in the afternoon. If you are able to come with us ，please let us know and we'll wait for you at the school gate at 9 in the morning

　　Looking forward to your reply.

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua