浙江省金华市孝顺高级中学2016届高考英语语法专题复习：陷阱题总结归纳——介词

　　◆典型陷阱题分析◆

　　1. “You went late _______ the stadium yesterday evening, didn’t you?” “Yes, my wife was a little late _______ the supper.”

　　A. to, with B. for, with

　　C. for, for D. at, for

　　【陷阱】容易误选 B 或D。

　　【分析】答案应选 A。第一空填to 比较好理解，因为此处的late为副词，用以修饰 go to the stadium 中的动词go；而第二句的 with 则是许多同学不容易想到的，相反，更多地可能是想到 for，现将两者区别如下：be late for表示做某事迟到，而be late with 表示做某事做晚了(=be late in doing sth)。比较：

　　We were late for dinner. 我们吃饭迟到了。

　　We were late with dinner [=in having dinner]. 我们吃饭吃得迟。

　　句中 my wife was a little late with the supper 的意思是“我妻子准备晚饭稍迟了一点”。

　　2. We were all worried over _______ you were sick.

　　A. that B. which

　　C. what D. the fact that

　　【陷阱】容易误选A 或 B。

　　【分析】答案应选 D。按英语习惯，除except, but 等极个别介词外，英语介词后通常不能直接跟 that 从句作宾语。遇此情况，通常是在 that 从句前加上 the fact，此时 the fact 用作介词宾语，而其后 that 从句则用作 the fact 的同位语。请看类似试题（答案选均D）：

　　(1) They knew nothing about ______ he was a thief.

　　A. that B. which

　　C. what D. the fact that

　　(2) She must face up to _______ she is no longer young.

　　A. that B. which

　　C. what D. the fact that

　　(3) What he said at the meeting referred to _______ he was interested in the project.

　　A. that B. which

　　C. what D. the fact that

　　(4) Their belief is proved by the fact that the death penalty prevents murder.

　　A. that B. which

　　C. what D. the fact that

　　(5) The writer is not satisfied with _______ buses are too crowded.

　　A. that B. which

　　C. what D. the fact that

　　3. Sometimes our opinions differ _______ what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we’ve observed

　　A. which B. since

　　C. because D. because of

　　He was angry because we were late. 他很生气因为我们迟到了。

　　They can’t have gone out because the light is on. 他们不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着。

　　Bread is cheap in this supermarket because they bake it themselves.这家超市的面包是自制的，所以便宜。

　　假若，一个从句已经有了自己的“引导词”，那么它前面就不宜再用 because 这个连词了。如：

　　She got angry because of what you said. 她哭是因为你说的话。

　　句中的 what 相当于 the thing that，也就是说 what you said 相当于 the thing that you said。其中 the thing 用作 because of 的宾语，而that you said 为修饰 the thing 的定语从句。

　　He lost his job because of how he treated his boss. 他因为对老板的态度(不好)而丢了工作。

　　句中的 how 相当于 the way in which，也就是说 how he treated his boss相当于 the way in which he treated his boss。其中 the way 用作 because of 的宾语，而in which he treated his boss 为修饰 the way 的定语从句。

　　4. “How long have you been an actor?” “_______ 1995, when I graduated from college.”

　　A. After B. In

　　C. From D. Since

　　【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

　　【分析】最佳答案为D。若仅从答句来看，四个答案都说得过去。但若结合问句的语境以答案应选D，因为其余三选项填入空格均不能回答问句所提出的问题。比较：

　　“When did you became an actor?” “_______ 1995, when I graduated from college.”

　　A. After B. In

　　C. From D. Since

　　此题选B，因为问句问的是when(何时)，所以用 in 1995 来回答便顺理成章。

　　请再看两题：

　　(1) “How long have you worked on the farm?” “____ the end of last year.”

　　A. In B. By

　　C. At D. Since

　　答案选D，用 since the end of last year 回答 how long，即问句问“工作了多久”，答句说“自去年年底至今”。

　　(2) “How long will you work on the farm?” “____ the end of next year.”

　　A. In B. By

　　C. At D. Since

　　答案选B，问句问“将工作多久”，答句说“工作明年明底”。

　　(3) “When did you leave the farm?” “____ the end of last year.”

　　A. In B. By

　　C. At D. Since

　　答案选C，问句问“何时离开”，答句说“去年明底离开”。

　　5. Don’t be angry _______ me for not having written. I was really too busy.

　　A. about B. with

　　C. to D. for

　　【陷阱】容易误选B。根据汉语的“对某人生气”，将其中的“对”直译为to。

　　【分析】最佳答案为 B。按英语习惯，要表示对某人生气，通常用 be angry with [at] sb，要表示对某事生气，通常用 be angry at [about] sth(在美国英语中也用 be angry with sth，但不说 be angry with sb)。比较以下表达，其中的“对”也不用to来翻译：

　　你对这些安排感到满意吗?

　　误：Did you feel satisfied to the arrangements?

　　正：Did you feel satisfied with the arrangements?

　　老师应该对他的学生严格要求。

　　误：Teachers should be strict to their students.

　　正：Teachers should be strict with their students.

　　6. In those days, we had no phones, so we have to keep in touch _____ writing often.

　　A. with B. of

　　C. on D. by

　　【陷阱】容易误选A。根据 keep in touch with (与……保持联系)这一常用搭配推出。

　　【分析】正确答案是D。by 在这里表示方式，by writing 意为“通过写信”，全句意为“我们通过经常写信保持联系”。请再看几例(均与介词搭配有关)：

　　(1) We’ve talked a lot _______ films. How _____ television now?

　　A. of, with B. with, towards

　　C. about, about D. for, about

　　此题不要受 a lot of的影响而误选A。若第一空选 of，a lot of cars 即为动词 talk 的宾语，但实际上动词 talk 是不及物动词，不能后接宾语。最佳答案应是C，句中的a lot是修饰动词 talked 的状语，talk about才是一个动词短语。 全句意为“我们对电影已谈了不少，现在谈谈电视怎么样?” What about…意为“……怎么样”，用于征求意见。

　　(2) We all regarded the poor old man ____sympathy.

　　A. as B. with

　　C. of D. by

　　有的同学一看到句中的 regard 和选项中的 as，马上就联想到 regard … as … (把……当作……)这一搭配，从而断定此题应选A。但是错了，原因是将此搭配套入原句，句子意思不通。正确答案是B，句意为“我们大家都很同情这位老人”。

　　 ◆精编陷阱题训练◆

　　1. So far, several ships have been reported missing _______ the coast of Bermuda Island.

　　A. off B. along

　　C. on D. around

　　2. “How long have you stayed in this hotel?” “Not long, just ______ this Monday.”

　　A. on B. since

　　C. until D. after

　　3. The lift in that tall building went wrong and got trapped _____ floors. People in it had no way to get out.

　　A. in B. between

　　C. among D. on

　　4. “What a terrible rain we are having!” “Yes. We are asked to pay more attention to the information about the rain ______ flood.”

　　A. as well as B. so long as

　　C. because of D. in case of

　　5. _____ their inexperience, they’ve done a good job.

　　A. Given B. Supposed

　　C. Considered D. Concluded

　　6. They promise that the work would all be finished _____ next week.

　　A. until B. in

　　C. by D. to

　　7. _______ reading the letter, what has he done?

　　A. Because of B. Except

　　C. Besides D. But for

　　8. “How did the robber get in?” “______ an open window on the first floor.”

　　A. Past B. From

　　C. Over D. Through

　　9. She knew nothing about his journey _______ he was likely to be away for three months.

　　A. Except B. except for

　　C. except that D. in addition

　　9. 选 C。在四个选项中，只有except that 后可接句子。

　　10. He usually goes to work by bike _______ it rains.

　　A .except B. except when

　　C. except for D. except that

　　11. I found the island a wonderful place for our experiments _______ the hot weather.

　　A. besides B. except for

　　C. except D. except that

　　12. ______ the weather, we had a pleasant time.

　　A. Except B. Except for

　　C. But D. Besides

　　13. He always did well at school ______ having to do part-time jobs every now and then.

　　A. in spite of B. instead of

　　C. in case of D. in favor of

　　14. As it was almost time for the flight, all the passengers got ______ the plane.

　　A. around B. abroad

　　C. aboard D. ahead

　　◆答案与解析◆

　　1. 选A。off 用作介词时可表示距离，此时尤其用于指距离某一大路或靠近某海面。又如：

　　Our house is about 20 meters off the main road. 我们家离大路大约有20米远。

　　The ship anchored a mile off the coast. 轮船抛锚停泊在离海岸1英里的地方。

　　2. 选B。此答句为省略句，补充完整为：I’ve stayed in this hotel since this Monday.

　　3. 选 B。between floors 指在两层楼之间。类例地，以下各例也选between：

　　Don’t eat anything ______ meals if you want to lose weight.

　　4. 选D。复合介词in case of有两个意思，一是表示条件，意为“如果”；二是表示目的，意为“以防”。如：

　　In case of fire, call 119. 万一失火，就打119电话。

　　Take an umbrella with you in case of rain. 带把雨伞，以防下雨。

　　5. 选A，given 在此用作介词，意为“考虑到”。又如：Given the low price, I decided to buy it. 考虑到价格很低，我决定把它买下。

　　6. 选C，by 意为“最迟到……之前，到……的时候已经”。类例地，下面一题也选by：

　　The train leaves at 6:00 p.m. So I have to be at the station _______5:40 p.m. at the latest.

　　A. until B. after

　　C. around D. by

　　7. 选C。besides 意为“除……之外，还”。又如：

　　He has another car besides this. 除了这辆车外，他还有一辆。

　　Besides being a teacher, he was a poet. 除了是位教师外，他还是位诗人。

　　Did he do anything besides hitting you? 除了打你之外，他还有没有别的什么举动?

　　8. 选D。through 意为“穿过，贯穿，经过，透过”。又如：

　　The train ran through the tunnel. 火车穿过隧道。

　　I saw you through the window. 我是透过窗子看到你的。

　　9. 选 C。在四个选项中，只有except that 后可接句子。

　　10. 选B。except when 和 except that 后均可接句子，但前者含“当……的时候”的意思，而后者则没有这个意思。

　　11. 选B。except 与 except for的区别是：前者主要用来谈论同类的东西；后者主要用来谈论不同类的东西，在说明情况后作细节上的修正，有时含有惋惜之意。

　　12. 选B，except 和 except for 均可表示排除，但若是表示谈论不同类的对象，通常用 except for。另外，except 通常不用于句首。

　　13. 选A。比较：in spite of=虽然，尽管…仍；instead of=代替，取而代之；in case of=假设，万一；in favour of=赞同，有利于。

　　14. 选C。aboard 用作介词时意思“在(船、飞机、车)上”、“上(船、飞机、车)”。