2016年陕西省高考英语二轮复习专题训练卷十九：信息匹配（二）

　　2016年高考第二轮复习英语版

　　专题升级训练十九　信息匹配（二）

　　（一）

　　A．Forecasting Research

　　B．Well­known Weather Forecasters

　　C．Severe Weather Events

　　D．Weather Forecasting

　　E．The Forecasting Process

　　F．Historical Background

　　1．

　　The task of predicting the weather that will be observed at a future time is called weather forecasting.As one of the primary objectives of the science of meteorology，weather forecasting has depended critically on the scientific and technological advances in meteorology that have taken place since the latter half of the 19th century.

　　2．

　　Throughout most of history，forecasting efforts at any given site depended solely on observations that could be made at the site.With the development of the telegraph in the mid­1800s，weather forecasters were able to obtain observations from many distant locations within a few hours of the collection of such data.Weather forecasting was revolutionized in the 1920s by the work of a group of Norwegian scientists.This group provided a consistent and empirically based description of atmospheric circulation systems.Current weather­forecasting techniques were initiated by the theoretical work of American meteorologist Jule Charney in developing numerical weather prediction.Experimental numerical forecasts in 1950 proved so fruitful that they were soon adopted on a practical basis.Since then，computerized systems based on numerical models have become a central part of weather forecasting.

　　3．

　　The process of making a weather forecast can be separated into three steps: observation and analysis，extrapolation（推论）to find the future state of the atmosphere，and prediction of particular variables.The standard extrapolation technique is to assume that weather features will continue to move as they have been moving.In some cases the third step simply consists of noting the results of extrapolation，but actual prediction usually involves considerable efforts beyond this.

　　4．

　　Great attention is paid to weather forecasts during times of severe events（blizzard，hurricane and typhoon，tornado），and so forth.Accordingly，the National Weather Service（NWS）commits significant resources to the forecast of such events.Blizzards or strong extra­tropical cycles are handled through the usual forecast information channels，with the local NWS office issuing special advisories as appropriate.

　　5．

　　A number of new observing systems are being developed for forecasting purposes.These include the Next­Generation Radar digital weather radar，which is intended to detect motions towards or away from the radar installation.In addition，automated systems are being developed for taking observations at surface stations and on board buoys（浮标），ships，and aircraft.The communications，processing，and display systems intended to govern this torrent of further data are still being elaborated（详述）．

　　（二）

　　A．People from Thailand are quiet and shy by nature.

　　B．Different values are against each other.

　　C．Culture differences can cause serious problems.

　　D．Talk and silence can be culturally different.

　　E．Relationship building is important in different cultures.

　　F．Understanding people from different culture is not easy.

　　1．

　　Meeting people from another culture can be difficult.From the beginning，people may send the wrong signal.They may pay no attention to signals from another person who is trying to develop a relationship.

　　2．

　　Different cultures emphasize the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree.For example，business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust.Even with people at work，it is necessary to spend a lot of time in “small talk”，usually over a glass of tea，before they do any job.In many European countries—like the UK or France—people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafes rather than at the office.

　　3．

　　Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures.I once made a speech in Thailand.I had expected my speech to be a success and started a lively discussion; instead there was an uncomfortable silence.The people present just stared at me and smiled.After getting to know their ways better，I realized that they thought I was talking too much.In my own culture，we express meaning mainly through words，but people there sometimes feel too many words are unnecessary.

　　4．

　　Even within Northern Europe，cultural differences can cause serious problems.Certainly，English and German cultures share similar values; however，Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly.We think that they are rude.In fact，this is just because one culture starts discussions and makes decisions more quickly.

　　5．

　　People from different parts of the world have different values，and sometimes these values are quite against each other.However，if we can understand them better，a multicultural（多元文化的）environment will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other.

　　（三）

　　A．Necessity for developing adult education

　　B．Early days of adult education

　　C．Ways of receiving adult education

　　D．Popularity of adult education

　　E．Institutions of adult education

　　F．Functions of adult education

　　1．

　　Voluntary learning in organized courses by mature men and women is called adult education.Such education is offered to make people able to enlarge and interpret their experience as adults.Adults may want to study something which they missed in earlier schooling，get new skills or job training，find out about new technological developments，seek better self­understanding，or develop new talents and skills.

　　2．

　　This kind of education may be in the form of self­study with proper guidance through the use of libraries，correspondence courses，or broadcasting.It may also be acquired collectively in schools and colleges，study groups，workshops，clubs，and professional associations.

　　3．

　　Modern adult education for large numbers of people started in the 18th and 19th centuries with the rise of the Industrial Revolution.Great economic and social changes were taking place: people were moving from rural areas to cities; new types of work were being created in an expanding factory system.These and other factors produced a need for further education and re­education of adults.

　　4．

　　The earliest programs of organized adult education arose in Great Britain in the 1790s，with the founding of an adult school in Nottingham and a mechanics' institute in Glasgow.The earliest adult education institution in the United States was founded by Benjamin Franklin and some friends in Philadelphia in 1727.

　　5．

　　People recognize that continued learning is necessary for most forms of employment today.For example，parts of the adult population in many countries find it necessary to take part in retraining programs at work or even to learn completely new jobs.Adult education programs are springing up constantly to meet these and other needs.

　　（四）

　　A．Not only gives us advice but is free.

　　B．We may control over what we eat.

　　C．A new website gives us nutritional analysis.

　　D．Eating properly does good to our health.

　　E．We have to choose a new and healthy website.

　　F．The recommendations are based on daily f ood.

　　1．

　　While we may not have any control over our body shapes and inherited genes（遗传），we are lucky enough to have control over what we choose to eat.And it is this choice that can make an unbelievable difference to our health and wellbeing（＝happiness）

　　2．

　　Just by eating properly，you and your family can make impressive improvement to your health，weight and energy levels.What you choose to eat can also reduce the risk of many diseases that may cause early death or disability，such as heart disease，cancer and diabetes（糖尿病）．

　　3．

　　Visit www.formulaforlife.com,_a new website designed to help you work out exactly where your food choices are taking you.For instance，some food and vegetables are fast becoming known as one of the most popular defenses against cancer.But are you consuming enough of them and from the best sources？Or maybe you are constantly feeling very tired.If so，there is a chance your diet is imbalanced.This is where the Formula（＝a set of principles）for life analysis will help you to work out how much you are missing out on.

　　4．

　　The great thing about your analyzing your diet online at Formula for Life is that it is free to everyone and it gives you a chance to look at your diet realistically.If you do need to make some adjustments，it can also show how to get back on track for a healthy life.

　　5．

　　The recommendations are realistic.Formula for Life will only advise you to change your diet with everyday food.Just think—no supplements（补品），no special products—just everyday food available from your local fruit and vegetable store，butcher and supermarket.So forget speculating（猜测）about how healthily you are eating—get the facts and do something about it with Formula for Life.

　　参考答案

　　（一）

　　答案与解析：

　　1．答案：D

　　解析：本段主要是关于Weather Forecasting的简单介绍。故D项正确。

　　2．答案：F

　　解析：根据本段的几个时间“in the mid­1800s，in the 1920s，in 1950”及相关介绍，可知本段是在介绍Weather Forecasting的发展历史背景。

　　3．答案：E

　　解析：根据本段第一句“The process of making a weather forecast can be separated into three steps：...”天气预报的过程可以分为以下三个步骤。可知本段主要介绍预报的过程是如何的。

　　4．答案：C

　　解析：本段主要介绍恶劣的天气现象“...severe events（blizzard，hurricane and typhoon，tornado），and so forth”。

　　5．答案：A

　　解析：根据本段第一句“A number of new observing systems are being developed for forecasting purposes.” 一些新的观测系统正在开发以用于天气预测的目的。可知本段主要讲述关于预报的科研问题。故选A项。

　　答案与解析：

　　1．答案：F

　　解析：根据本段第一句“Meeting people from another culture can be difficult.”结识不同文化的人不是那么容易的。

　　2．答案：E

　　解析：根据本段第一句“Different cultures emphasize the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree.”不同的文化在强调建立关系重要性的程度是不同的。故选E项。

　　3．答案：D

　　解析：从本段第一句可以得出答案“Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures.”说话和沉默不语在不同文化中意义不同。

　　4．答案：C

　　解析：本段第一句“Even within Northern Europe，cultural differences can cause serious problems.”甚至在北欧，文化差异会导致严重的问题。故选C项。

　　5．答案：B

　　解析：本段主要讲不同价值观相互排斥。

　　答案与解析：

　　1．答案：F

　　解析：本段主要讲adult education的作用和意义。故选F项。

　　2．答案：C

　　解析：本段主要讲adult education获得的途径。文中重要词汇如“...through the use of...，also be acquired...”，可以看出选C项。

　　3．答案：A

　　解析：本段讲述adult education发展的历史社会背景。本段最后一句“These and other factors produced a need for further education and re­education of adults.”这诸多的因素使深造和继续教育显得很有必要。

　　4．答案：B

　　解析：本段主要介绍了早期的adult education 的途径。

　　5．答案：D

　　解析：本段讲目前的adult education。最后一句“Adult education programs are springing up constantly to meet these and other needs.”成人教育课程如雨后春笋般不断涌现以满足各种需求。可以得出 adult education 已经很受人们欢迎。

　　答案与解析：

　　1．答案：B

　　解析：本段第一句“...we are lucky enough to have control over what we choose to eat.”我们很幸运可以控制我们选择所吃的东西。

　　2．答案：D

　　解析：本段讲合理饮食给人带来的好处。故选D项。

　　3．答案：C

　　解析：根据本段第一句“Visit www.formulaforlife.com,_a new website designed to help...”可知选C项。

　　4．答案：A

　　解析：根据首句“...that it is free to everyone and it gives you a chance to look at your diet realistically” 它是免费的，并且给每个人一个机会来真实地看看自己的饮食。

　　5．答案：F

　　解析：根据句首的recommendations可知本段大意选F。