语法对于英语来说很重要,今天小编带大家来解析虚主语。
Writers, especially beginning writers, are often cautioned against using passive voice in their writingbecause its use slows down the pace.
由于被动语态会影响节奏,作者们(特别是初学者)经常被警告不要使用它。
Another construction that can make your writing plod is the dummy subject.
还有一种结构也会让你的文章变得拖沓,它就是虚主语。
When we use the words it and there to begin a sentence without a referent (a noun the pronoun is referring to), we’re using a dummy subject.
虚主语是指句子开头的it或there没有指代物(it、there指代的名词)。
In this pair of sentences:
下面两个句子中:
I went to see Fantastic Four 2 over the weekend. It was fun, but mostly forgettable.
“It” refers to the movie Fantastic Four 2. The pronoun has a referent.
It指代电影《神奇四侠2》。这个代词有指代物。
In this sentence, however:
但这个句子里:
It is apparent that oil reserves will be exhausted by 2050.
“It” has no referent, and is therefore a dummy subject.
It没有指代物,因此它是虚主语。
The same thing happens frequently with there:
这种情况也经常发生在there开头的句子上:
There are several ways in which you could begin.
There are five stages of grief.
Dummy subjects are just one of many problems that weaken your writing by making it vague, fuzzy, and indefinite. The sentences above can be reconstructed with stronger, more definite subjects:
虚主语是让你的文章变得含糊不清的诸多原因之一。上面的句子可以用更有力、更明确的主语加以改写:
Some experts warn that our oil reserves will be exhausted by 2050.
You could begin in one of the following ways: (followed by a list).
Elisabeth Kubler-Ross identified five stages of grief in her book On Death and Dying.
In general, unless you don’t know who is performing an action, or you want to emphasize the action of the sentence for some reason, you should avoid dummy subjects.
通常情况下,除非你不知道动作由谁做的,或是出于某种原因想要强调动作本身,否则你应该避免使用虚主语。
英语中的虚主语,你学会了吗?
[特殊词精讲]try doing/to do
[动词的时态]用现在进行时表示将来
[代词]相互代词
[冠词和数词]冠词与形容词+名词结构
[特殊词精讲]感官动词 + doing/to do
[特殊词精讲]be afraid doing/to do
[形容词和副词]兼有两种形式的副词
[动词]助动词do 的用法
[形容词和副词]形容词与副词的比较级
[独立主格]独立主格
[动词不定式]动词不定式
[形容词和副词]用形容词表示类别和整体
[形容词和副词]以-ly结尾的形容词
[动词不定式]不定式的特殊句型too…to…
[代词]物主代词
[动词不定式]不定式作补语
[特殊词精讲]stop doing/to do
[代词]并列人称代词的排列顺序
[动词]非谓语动词
[分词]分词
[特殊词精讲]be interested doing/to do
[动词不定式]省去to 的动词不定式
[独立主格]with的复合结构作独立主格
[形容词和副词]the + 最高级 + 比较范围
[特殊词精讲]begin(start) doing/to do
[动词]短语动词
[形容词和副词]和more有关的词组
[动词不定式]不定式的特殊句型so as to
[特殊词精讲]remember doing/to do
[动词]助动词be的用法
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